Biology and taxonomy of encrusting alcyoniid soft corals in the northeastern Pacific Ocean with descriptions of two new genera (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia)

Invertebrate Biology

Volumn 122, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 93-113

  McFadden, Catherine S ^a   Hochberg, F G ^b  

^a HARVEY MUDD COLLEGE   (United States)

^b S Barbara Mus of Natural History ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Alcyonium; Discophyton; Octocoral; Thrombophyton

Indexed keywords

ALCYONACEA; ALCYONARIA; ALCYONIIDAE; ALCYONIUM; ALCYONIUM PACIFICUM; ALCYONIUM RUDYI; ANTHOZOA; BASIDIOMYCOTA; CNIDARIA; COELENTERATA; DISCOPHYTON RUDYI; INVERTEBRATA; THROMBOPHYTON CORONATUM; THROMBOPHYTON TRACHYDERMUM;

EID: 0038463442     PISSN: 10778306     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2003.tb00076.x     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Alderslade P 2000. Four new genera of soft corals (Coelenterata: Octocorallia), with notes on the classification of some established taxa. Zool. Med. Leiden 74: 237-249.
2. Austin WC 1985. An annotated checklist of marine invertebrates in the cold temperate North Pacific. Vol. 1. Khoyatan Marine Lab., Cowichan Bay, Canada. 218 pp.
3. Bayer FM 1981. Status of knowledge of octocorals of world seas. Seminarios de Biologia Marinha, pp. 3-11. Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, Rio de Janeiro.
4. Belcik FP 1977. A distribution study of the Octocorallia of Oregon. Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 24: 49-52.
5. Benayahu Y 1995. Species composition of soft corals (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) on the coral reefs of Sesoko Island, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Galaxea 12: 103-124.
6. Benayahu Y & Loya Y 1977. Space partitioning by stony corals, soft corals, and benthic algae on the coral reefs of the northern Gulf of Eilat (Red Sea). Helgolander Wiss. Meeresunters. 30: 362-382.
7. _ 1981. Competition for space among coral-reef sessile organisms at Eilat, Red Sea. Bull. Mar. Sci. 31: 514-522.
8. Benayahu Y, Berner T, & Achituv Y 1989. Development of planulae within a mesogleal coat in the soft coral Heteroxenia fuscescens. Mar. Biol. 100: 203-210.
9. Cary LR 1931. Studies on the coral reefs of Tutuila, American Samoa with special reference to the Alcyonaria. Pap. Tortugas Lab. Carnegie Inst. Wash. 27: 53-98.
10. Caswell H & Brault S 1992. Life cycles and population dynamics: mathematical models for marine organisms. Oceanus 35: 86-93.
11. Dai C-F 1988. Coral communities of southern Taiwan. Proc. 6th Intl. Coral Reef Symp. 2: 647-652.
12. Dayton PK, Robilliard GA, & Paine RT 1970. Benthic faunal zonation as a result of anchor ice in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. In: Antarctic Ecology, Vol. I. Holdgate MW, ed., pp. 244-258. Academic Press, London.
13. Dekluijver MJ 1993. Sublittoral hard-substratum communities off Orkney and St.-Abbs (Scotland). J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 73: 733-754.
14. Dinesen ZD 1983. Patterns in the distribution of soft corals across the central Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 1: 229-236.
15. Fabricius KE 1997. Soft coral abundance on the central Great Barrier Reef: effects of Acanthaster planci, space availability, and aspects of the physical environment. Coral Reefs 16: 159-167.
16. Fishelson L 1970. Littoral fauna of the Red Sea: the population of non-scleractinian anthozoans of shallow waters of the Red Sea (Eilat). Mar. Biol. 6: 106-116.
17. Frenzel G von 1937. Die systematische Stellung des adriatischen Alcyonium. Note Ist. Italo-German. Biol. Mar. Rovigno d'Istria 2: 3-15.
18. Goddard JHR 1984. The opisthobranchs of Cape Arago, Oregon, with notes on their biology and a summary of benthic opisthobranchs known from Oregon. Veliger 27: 143-163.
19. _ 1985. Predation by Tritonia festiva on an undescribed alcyonacean soft coral from Cape Arago, Oregon. Ann. Rept. West. Soc. Malacol. 17: 9 [Abstract].
20. _ 1998. A summary of the prey of nudibranch mollusks from Cape Arago, Oregon. Opisthobranch Newsl. 24: 11-14.
21. Gohar HAF & Roushdy HM 1961. On the embryology of the Xeniidae (Alcyonaria) (with notes on the extrusion of the larvae). Publ. Mar. Biol. Sta. Ghardaqa 11: 45-70.
22. Gotshall DW 1994. Guide to Marine Invertebrates: Alaska to Baja California. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 105 pp.
23. Groot S & Weinberg S 1982. Biogeography, taxonomical status, and ecology of Alcyonium (Parerythropodium) coralloides (Pallas, 1766). Mar. Ecol. 3: 293-312.
24. Hand C 1975. Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata). In: Light's Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates of the Central California Coast. Smith RI & Carlton JT, eds., pp. 65-97. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, CA.
25. Hartnoll RG 1975. The annual cycle of Alcyonium digitatum. Estuar. Coast. Mar. Sci. 3: 71-78.
26. _ 1977. Reproductive strategy in two British species of Alcyonium. In: Biology of Benthic Organisms. Keegan BF, Ceidigh PO, & Boaden PJS, eds., pp. 321-328. Pergamon Press, New York.
27. Hedgpeth J & Hinton S 1961. Common Seashore Life of Southern California. Naturegraph Co., Healdsburg, California. 63 pp.
28. Hickson SJ 1915. Some Alcyonaria and a Stylaster from the West Coast of North America. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 38: 541-557.
29. Hochberg FG 1979. Southern California stoloniferans, telestaceans, alcyonaceans. Proc. Tax. Standard. Prog. 7: 17-29.
30. Hochberg FG & Ljubenkov JC 1998. Chapter 2. Class Anthozoa: subclass Octocorallia, orders Stolonifera and Pennatulacea. In: Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and the Western Santa Barbara Channel, Vol. 3: Cnidaria. Scott PV & Blake JA, eds., pp. 55-112. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California.
31. Hughes RN 1989. A Functional Biology of Clonal Animals. Chapman & Hall, New York. 331 pp.
32. Kozloff EN 1974. Keys to the Marine Invertebrates of Puget Sound, the San Juan Archipelago, and Adjacent Regions. Univ. Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. 226 pp.
33. _ 1983. Seashore Life of the Northern Pacific Coast: An Illustrated Guide to Northern California, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia. Univ. Washington Press, Seattle, WA. 370 pp.
34. _ 1987. Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest. Univ. Washington Press, Seattle, WA. 511 pp.
35. _ 1996. Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest, with Additions and Corrections. Univ. Washington Press, Seattle, WA. 539 pp.
36. Kükenthal W 1913. Uber die Alcyonarian Fauna Californiens und ihre tiergeographischen Beziehungen. Zool. Jahrb., Abt. Syst. 35: 219-270.
37. LaBarre S & Coll JC 1982. Movement in soft corals: an interaction between Nephthea brassica (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) and Acropora hyacinthus (Coelenterata: Scleractinia). Mar. Biol. 72: 119-124.
38. McConnaughey BH 1974. Introduction to Marine Biology. 2nd edition. C.V. Mosby Co., Saint Louis, Missouri. 544 pp.
39. McFadden CS 1986. Colony fission increases particle capture rates of a soft coral: advantages of being a small colony. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 103: 1-20.
40. _ 1991. A comparative demographic analysis of clonal reproduction in a temperate soft coral. Ecology 72: 1849-1866.
41. _ 1997. Contributions of sexual and asexual reproduction to population structure in the clonal soft coral, Alcyonium rudyi. Evolution 51: 112-126.
42. McFadden CS & Aydin KY 1996. Spatial autocorrelation analysis of small-scale genetic structure in a clonal soft coral with limited dispersal. Mar. Biol. 126: 215-224.
43. McFadden CS, Donahue R, Hadland BK, & Weston R 2001. A molecular phylogenetic analysis of reproductive trait evolution in the soft coral genus Alcyonium. Evolution 55: 54-67.
44. McFadden CS, Tullis ID, Hutchinson MB, Winner K, & Sohm JA. Variation in coding (NADH dehydrogenase subunits 2, 3 and 6) and non-coding intergenic spacer regions of the mitochondrial genome in Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Mar. Biotech., in press.
45. Migné A & Davoult D 1995. Multiscale heterogeneity in a macrobenthic epifauna community. Hydrobiologia 301: 375-381.
46. _ 1997. Quantitative distribution of benthic macrofauna of the Dover Strait pebble community (Eastern English channel, France). Oceanol. Acta 20: 453-460.
47. Nutting CC 1909. Alcyonaria of the California coast. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 35: 681-727.
48. Pearse V, Pearse J, Buchsbaum M, & Buchsbaum R 1987. Living Invertebrates. Blackwell Sci. Publ. and Boxwood Press, Pacific Grove, California. 848 pp.
49. Ricketts EF & Calvin J 1968. Between Pacific Tides. 4th edition (rev. JW Hedgpeth). Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California. 614 pp.
50. Ricketts EF, Calvin J, & Hedgpeth JW 1985. Between Pacific Tides. 5th edition (rev. DW Phillips). Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, California. 652 pp.
51. Riegl B, Schleyer MH, Cook PJ, & Branch GM 1995: Structure of Africa's southernmost coral communities. Bull. Mar. Sci. 56: 676-691.
52. Ros JD, Romero J, Ballasteros E, & Gili JM 1985. Diving in blue water. The benthos. In: Western Mediterranean. Margalef R, ed., pp. 233-295. Pergamon Press, New York.
53. Sebens KP 1983. The larval and juvenile ecology of the temperate octocoral Alcyonium siderium Verrill. II. Fecundity, survival, and juvenile growth. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 72: 263-285.
54. _ 1986. Spatial relationships among encrusting marine organisms in the New England subtidal. Ecol. Monogr. 56: 73-96.
55. Slattery M & McClintock JB 1995. Population structure and feeding deterrence in three shallow-water antarctic soft corals. Mar. Biol. 122: 461-470.
56. Stephenson W, Endean R, & Bennett I 1958. An ecological survey of the marine fauna of Low Isles, Queensland. Aust. J. Mar. Freshw. Res. 9: 261-318.
57. Tursch B & Tursch A 1982. The soft coral community on a sheltered reef quadrat at Laing Island (Papua New Guinea). Mar. Biol. 68: 321-332.
58. Uchida T 1969. On a northern alcyonarian, Alcyonium pacificum. J. Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Univ. (6. Zoology) 17: 307-399.
59. Utinomi H 1961. A revision of the nomenclature of the family Nephtheidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea). II. The boreal genera Gersemia, Duva, Drifa, and Pseudodrifa (n.g.). Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 9: 229-246.
60. _ 1976. A review of the Japanese species of Alcyonium, with descriptions of two new species and an almost forgotten rare species (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea). Publ. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab. 23: 191-204.
61. Verrill AE 1922. The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, and a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, Vol. VIII: Mollusks, Echinoderms, Coelenterates, etc., Pt. G: Alcyonaria and Actinaria, pp. 3-87.
62. Verseveldt J & van Ofwegen LP 1992. New and redescribed species of Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758 (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea). Zool. Med. Leiden 66: 155-181.
63. Weinberg S 1979. Autecology of shallow-water Octocorallia from Mediterranean rocky substrata, I. The Banyuls area. Bijdr. Dierk. 49: 1-15.
64. _ 1980. Autecology of shallow-water Octocorallia from Mediterranean rocky substrata, II. Marseille, Côte. d'Azur and Corsica. Bijdr. Dierk. 50: 73-86.
65. Wicksten MK & Demartini JD 1973. Observations of the feeding habits of Tochuina tetraquetra (Pallas) (Gastropoda: Tritoniidae). Veliger 15: 195.
66. Williams GC 1986. Morphology, systematics, and variability of the southern African soft coral Alcyonium variabile (J. Stuart Thomson, 1921) (Octocorallia, Alcyoniidae). Ann. So. Afr. Mus. 96: 241-270.
67. _ 1992a. Biogeography of the octocorallian coelenterate fauna of southern Africa. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 46: 351-401.
68. _ 1992b. The Alcyonacea of southern Africa. Stoloniferous octocorals and soft corals (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). Ann. So. Afr. Mus. 100: 249-358.
69. _ 1993. Coral Reef Octocorals: An Illustrated Guide to the Soft Corals, Sea Fans, and Sea Pens Inhabiting the Coral Reefs of Northern Natal. Durban Natural Science Museum. 64 pp.
70. _ 2000a. A new genus and species of stoloniferous octocoral (Anthozoa: Clavulariidae) from the Pacific coast of North America. Zool. Med. Leiden 73: 333-343.
71. _ 2000b. Two new genera of soft corals (Anthozoa: Alcyoniidae) from South Africa, with a discussion of diversity and endemism in the southern African octocorallian fauna. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. 52: 65-75.
72. Yamada M 1950. Descriptions of two Alcyonium from northern Japan. Annot. Zool. Jap. 23: 114-116.