Library services to immigrants: The debate in the library literature, 1900-1920, and a Chicago case study

Reference and User Services Quarterly

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 342-352

  Novotny, Eric ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0038456103     PISSN: 10949054     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Coming to America: A Profile of the Nation's Foreign-Born (2000 Update). Accessed Dec. 16, 2002, www.census.gov/prod/2002pubs/cenbr01-l.pdf.
2. Josepha Kudlicka, "Library Work Among Foreigners," Public Libraries 15 (Nov. 1910): 376.
3. Mary Antin, "The Immigrant in the Library," Bulletin of the American Library Association 7 (July 1913): 149.
4. Hummer Alston Jones Jr., Libraries, Immigrants, and the American Experience (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1999), 4-8; F. C. H. Wendel, "The Stranger within Our Gates; What Can the Library Do for Him?" Public Libraries 16 (Mar. 1911): 89.
5. Hummer Alston Jones Jr., Libraries, Immigrants, and the American Experience (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1999), 4-8; F. C. H. Wendel, "The Stranger within Our Gates; What Can the Library Do for Him?" Public Libraries 16 (Mar. 1911): 89.
6. Robert A. Carlson, The Americanization Syndrome: A Quest for Conformity (London: Croom Helm, 1987), 62; Elaine Fain, "Books for New Citizens: Public Libraries and Americanization Programs, 1900-1925," in The Quest for Social Justice: The Morris Fromkin Memorial Lectures, 1970-1980 (Madison, Wis.: Wisconsin Univ. Pr., 1983).
7. Robert A. Carlson, The Americanization Syndrome: A Quest for Conformity (London: Croom Helm, 1987), 62; Elaine Fain, "Books for New Citizens: Public Libraries and Americanization Programs, 1900-1925," in The Quest for Social Justice: The Morris Fromkin Memorial Lectures, 1970-1980 (Madison, Wis.: Wisconsin Univ. Pr., 1983).
8. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Pr. of Harvard Univ., 1980); Leonard Dinnerstein and David M. Reimers, Ethnic Americans: A History of Immigration. 4th ed. (New York: Columbia Univ. Pr., 1999); John Bodnar, The Transplanted: A History of Immigrants in Urban America (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana Univ. Pr., 1985).
9. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Pr. of Harvard Univ., 1980); Leonard Dinnerstein and David M. Reimers, Ethnic Americans: A History of Immigration. 4th ed. (New York: Columbia Univ. Pr., 1999); John Bodnar, The Transplanted: A History of Immigrants in Urban America (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana Univ. Pr., 1985).
10. Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Pr. of Harvard Univ., 1980); Leonard Dinnerstein and David M. Reimers, Ethnic Americans: A History of Immigration. 4th ed. (New York: Columbia Univ. Pr., 1999); John Bodnar, The Transplanted: A History of Immigrants in Urban America (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana Univ. Pr., 1985).
11. John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860-1925 (New York: Atheneum, 1971), 237.
12. Wayne A. Wiegand, An Active Instrument for Propaganda: The American Public Library During World War I (New York: Greenwood, 1989).
13. Ibid., 120-21.
14. Adelaide B. Maltby, "Immigrants as Contributors to Library Progress," Bulletin of the American Library Association 7 (July 1913): 151.
15. Michael Harris, "The Purpose of the American Public Library: A Revisionist Interpretation of History," Library Journal 98 (Sept. 15, 1973): 2509-14; Paul Finkelman, "Class and Culture in Late Nineteenth Century Chicago: The Founding of the Newberry Library," American Studies 16, no. 1 (1975): 5-22.
16. Michael Harris, "The Purpose of the American Public Library: A Revisionist Interpretation of History," Library Journal 98 (Sept. 15, 1973): 2509-14; Paul Finkelman, "Class and Culture in Late Nineteenth Century Chicago: The Founding of the Newberry Library," American Studies 16, no. 1 (1975): 5-22.
17. Sidney Ditzion, Arsenals of a Democratic Culture: A Social History of the American Public Library Movement in New England and the Middle States From 1850 to 4900 (Chicago: ALA, 1947).
18. "Annual Report of the Board of Directors of the Chicago Public Library" (1873), 5.
19. Editorial, Library Journal 19 (Oct. 1894): 328.
20. I b i d.
21. Flora B. Roberts, "The Library and the Foreign Citizen," Public Libraries 17 (May 1912): 166.
22. Edwin White Gaillard, "Why Public Libraries Should Supply Books in Foreign Languages," Library Journal 28 (Feb. 1903): 67. First published in New York Times Saturday Review, Jan. 31, 1902.
23. J. Maud Campbell, "Supplying Books in Foreign Languages in Public Libraries," Library Journal 29 (Feb. 1904): 67.
24. Kudlicka, "Library Work Among Foreigners," 375.
25. Ibid., 376.
26. W. F. Stevens, "How to Interest Working Men in the Use of the Library," Public Libraries 16 (Mar. 1911): 93.
27. Sarka Hrbek, The Library and the Foreign-Born Citizen," Public Libraries 15 (Mar. 1910): 102.
28. "Foreigners, Holiday Receptions For," Library Journal 40 (June 1915): 450.
29. Jones, Libraries, Immigrants and the American Experience, 18-21.
30. Library Journal (Feb. 1904): 66; H. H. Wheaton, "An Americanization Program for Libraries," Bulletin of the American Library Association 10 (July 1916): 265-69.
31. Library Journal (Feb. 1904): 66; H. H. Wheaton, "An Americanization Program for Libraries," Bulletin of the American Library Association 10 (July 1916): 265-69.
32. John Foster Carr, "Some of the People We Work For," Bulletin of the American Library Association 10 (July 1916): 152.
33. Wendel, "The Stranger within Our Gates," 91.
34. Carr, "Some of the People We Work For."
35. Orpha Maud Peters, "Libraries in Relation to Citizenship and Americanization," Library Journal 44 (Dec. 1919): 759.
36. Miller C. Wellman, "President's Address: The Library's Primary Duty," Bulletin of the American Library Association 9 (July 1915): 90.
37. Hrbek, "The Library and the Foreign-Bom Citizen," 99.
38. I b i d.
39. William Tyler Page, The American's Creed," Library Journal 43 (Dec. 1918): 886-87.
40. Frank Crane, The Ten Points of Americanization," Library Journal 45 (Mar. 1920): 214-15.
41. Library Journal 44 (May 1919): 275.
42. St. Louis Public Library, Annual Report (1917-18). Cited in Wiegand, 113.
43. Maltby, "Immigrants as Contributors to Library Progress," 150.
44. Wheaton, "An Americanization Program for Libraries," 266.
45. I b id.
46. The People of Chicago: Who We Are and Who We Have Been, 1837-4970 (Chicago: Chicago Department of Development and Planning, 1976), 21-32.
47. Carleton B. Joeckel and Leon Camovsky, A Metropolitan Library in Action: A Survey of the Chicago Public Library (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr.), 34-35.
48. Ibid., 38
49. "Report on Plan for Chicago Public Libraries," Public Libraries (1909): 325.
50. Ibid., 325.
51. Chicago Public Library, A Library Plan for the Whole City: Proposed System of Regional and Auxiliary Branches (Chicago: Chicago Public Library, 1916), 1.
52. Ibid., 2.
53. "Report on Plan for Chicago Public Libraries," 325.
54. Gwladys Spencer, The Chicago Public Library: Origins and Backgrounds (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Pr., 1943), 349.
55. Regina Kram, The Foreign Language Collections of the Chicago Public Library, 1872-1947 (master's thesis, University of Chicago, 1970), 5.
56. Ibid., 40.
57. Carr, "Some of the People We Work For," 150.
58. Wiegand, "An Active Instrument for Propaganda," 125.
59. Campbell, "Supplying Books in Foreign Languages in Public Libraries," 66.
60. Jones, Libraries, Immigrants and the American Experience, 142.
61. John Daniels, "Americanization by Indirection," Library Journal 45 (Nov. 1, 1920): 874.
62. I b i d.
63. John W. Berry, III, "Culturally Competent Service," Library Journal 124 (Sept. 1, 1999): 112.