Thermal hazard assessment of AN and AN-based explosives

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volumn 101, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 1-27

  Turcotte, R ^a   Lightfoot, P D ^a   Fouchard, R ^a   Jones, D E G ^a  

^a NATURAL RESOURCES CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Ammonium nitrate; ANFO; Emulsion explosives; Thermal decomposition; Thermal stability

Indexed keywords

AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; CALORIMETERS; FERTILIZERS; THERMAL EFFECTS;

THERMAL HAZARDS;

EXPLOSIVES;

AMMONIUM NITRATE;

AMMONIUM NITRATE; EXPLOSIVE; STABILITY ANALYSIS;

ACCELERATION; ARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; CALORIMETER; CALORIMETRY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; ENVIRONMENT; EXPERIMENTAL TEST; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HUMAN; INVENTORY CONTROL; LABORATORY TEST; SAMPLING; TECHNIQUE; TEMPERATURE; THERMAL INJURY;

EID: 0038446032     PISSN: 03043894     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3894(03)00114-6     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. J.R. Chiles, Inviting Disasters - Lessons from the Edge of Technology, Harper Collins Publishers, August 2002.
2. H.W. Stephens, The Texas City Disaster, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1997.
3. A. Cabon, Trente catastrophes dans l'ouest', Ed. Ouest-France, 1999.
4. G. Valentine, R. Gombar, et al., Terra Port Neal Explosion 13 December 1994 - Report of the Incident Investigation Committee, Incident Investigation Committee Report, 1995.
5. A. King, A. Bauer, A Review of Accidents with Ammonium Nitrate, Department of Mining Engineering, Queen's University, 29 June 1977.
6. Sykes W.G., Johnson R.H., Hainer R.M. Ammonium nitrate explosion hazards. Chem. Eng. Prog. 59:1963;66-71.
7. Transport Canada and Natural Resources Canada, Report of an Investigation into the Explosion During Transport of Blasting Explosives that Occurred in Walden, Ontario on 5 August 1998, Report No. TP 13383 E, 1999.
8. A. Kolaczkowski, A. Biskupski, An Accident Involving Violent Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate in an Aqueous Solution, OECD-IGUS-FCE Working Group Meeting, Buxton, UK, 2-3 October 1991.
9. A. Kolaczkowski, Violent Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate in Aqueous Solution, OECD-IGUS-FCE Working Group Meeting, Berlin, 19-20 June 1990.
10. H. Perlid, Pump safety tests regarding emulsion explosives, in: Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on Explosive & Blasting Technology, vol. II, Orlando, FL, February 1996, pp. 101-111.
11. Townsend D.I., Tou J.C. Thermal hazard evaluation by an accelerating rate calorimeter. Thermochim. Acta. 37:1980;1.
12. Feng H.T., Mintz K.J., Augsten R.A., Jones D.E.G. Thermal analysis of branched GAP. Thermochim. Acta. 311:1998;105.
13. Jones D.E.G., Feng H.T., Augsten R.A., Fouchard R.C. Thermal analysis studies on isopropylnitrate. J. Thermal Anal. Calorim. 55:1999;9.
14. Jones D.E.G., Feng H.T., Mintz K.J., Augsten R.A. Parameters affecting the thermal behavior of emulsion explosives. Thermochim. Acta. 331:1999;37.
15. S. Tharmalingam, The Chemical Engineer, August 1989, pp. 33-41.
16. T.K. Wright, R.L. Rogers, IChemE Symposium Series No. 97, 1986, 121-132.
17. M. Braithwaite, private communication.
18. M. Braithwaite, N. Davies, W.C. Evans, P.D. Lightfoot, Simple finite element modelling applied to the problems in energetic materials characterisation: design of pyrotechnic devices and explosives calorimetric studies, in: Proceedings of the 29th International Pyrotechnics Seminar, Westminister, Colorado, USA, 14-19 July 2002.
19. P.D. Lightfoot, M. Braithwaite, Onset Temperatures for Oxidizer Solutions and Emulsion Explosives III - Modelling, CERL Report 2001-2011 (CF), May 2001.
20. Jones D.E.G., Handa P., Feng H. A new type of high pressure system for a tian-calvet calorimeter. J. Thermal Anal. 53:1998;3-10.
21. Brandner J.D., Junk N.M., Lawrence J.W., Robins J. Vapor pressure of ammonium nitrate. J. Chem. Eng. Data. 7:1962;227.
22. A. Kolaczkowski, Scientific Papers of the Institute of Inorganic Technology and Mineral Fertilizers of Wroclaw Technical University (plus numerous publications by the same author), Monograph No. 6, 1980.