Evaluation of recreational health risk in coastal waters based on enterococcus densities and bathing patterns

Environmental Health Perspectives

Volumn 111, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 598-603

  Turbow, David J ^a   Osgood, Nathaniel D ^a   Jiang, Sunny C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Contact recreation; Enterococcus; Gastroenteritis; Health risk; Water

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BATH; COASTAL WATERS; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; DENSITY; ENTEROCOCCUS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; HEALTH HAZARD; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECREATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEASHORE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SIMULATION; SPRING; SUMMER; SWIMMING; UNITED STATES; WATER POLLUTION; WINTER;

ENTEROCOCCUS; POSIBACTERIA;

EID: 0038408610     PISSN: 00916765     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.5563     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Noble R, Leecaster M, McGee C, Moore D, Orozco-Borbon V, Schiff K, Vainik P, Weisberg S. Southern California Bight 1998 Regional Monitoring Program. Vol 3: Storm Event Shoreline Microbiology. Westminster, CA:Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 2000.
2. Orange County Sanitation District. Huntington Beach Closure Investigation. Phase II Investigation. Preliminary Draft Report. Fountain Valley, CA:Orange County Sanitation District, 2001.
3. Grant SB, Webb C, Sanders BF, Jones B, Boehm A, Kim J, Redman JA, Chu AK, Morse RD, Gardiner N, et al. Huntington Beach Water Quality Investigation Phase II: An Analysis of Ocean, Surf Zone, Watershed, Sediment, and Ground Water Data Collected from June 1998 through September 2000. Fountain Valley, CA:National Water Research Institute, 2000.
4. Pruss A. Review of epidemiological studies on health effects from exposure to recreational water. Int J Epidemiol 27:1-9 (1998).
5. Cabelli VJ, Dufour A, McCabe L, Levin M. Swimming-associated gastroenteritis and water quality. Am J Epidemiol 115(4):606-616 (1982).
6. Fleisher JM, Jones F, Kay D, Stanwell-Smith R, Wyer M, Morano R. Water and non-water related risk factors for gastroenteritis among bathers exposed to sewage-contaminated marine waters. Int J Epidemiol 22(4):298-708 (1993).
7. Haile R, Witte J, Gold M, Cressey R, McGee C, Millikan R, Glasser A, Harawa N, Ervin C, Harmon P, et al. The health effects of swimming in ocean water contaminated by storm drain runoff. Epidemiology 10(4):355-363 (1999).
8. Schiff K. Review of existing stormwater monitoring programs for estimating Bight-wide mass emission from urban runoff (Weisberg SB, Francisco C eds). Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Annual Report. Westminster, CA:Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 1996.
9. Dwight RH, Semenza JC, Baker DB, Olson BH. Association of urban runoff with coastal water quality in Orange County, California. Water Environ Res 74(1):82-90 (2002).
10. Boehm AB, Sanders BF, Winant CD. Cross-shelf transport at Huntington Beach. Implications for fate of sewage discharged through an ocean outfall. Environ Sci Technol 36:1899-1906 (2002).
11. Cabelli VJ, Dufour AP, McCabe LJ, Levin MA. A marine recreational water quality criterion consistent with indicator concepts and risk analysis. J Water Pollut Control Fed 55(10):1306-1314 (1983).
12. Dufour AP. Bacterial indicators of recreational water quality. Can J Public Health 75:49-56 (1984).
13. U.S. EPA. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Bacteria-1986. EPA 44015-84-002. Washington, DC:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1986.
14. State of California. California Assembly Bill 411, Chapter 765. An Act to Amend Sections 115880, 115885, and 115915 of the Health and Safety Code, Relating to Public Beaches. Sacramento, CA: California State Assembly, 1998.
15. MEC Analytical. Water-contact ocean recreation in Orange County. Fountain Valley, CA:Orange County Sanitation District, 1996.
16. Pendleton L, Martin N, Webster D. Public perceptions of environmental quality: a survey study of beach use and perceptions in Los Angeles County. Marine Pollut Bull 42(11):1155-1160 (2001).
17. Mazur M. Personal communication.
18. Federal Water Pollution Control Act (Clean Water Act). 33 U.S.C. §1251-1376 (1972).
19. Fleisher JM, Jones F, Kay D, Stanwell-Smith R, Wyer M, Morano R. Water and non-water related risk factors for gastroenteritis among bathers exposed to sewage contaminated marine waters. Int J Epidemiol 22(4):698-708 (1993).
20. Kay D, Fleisher J, Salmon R. Predicting likelihood of gastroenteritis from sea bathing: results from randomized exposure. Lancet 344:905-909 (1994).
21. Fleisher JM. A reanalysis of data supporting U.S. federal bacteriological water quality criteria governing marine recreational waters. Res J Water Pollut Control Fed 63(3):259-265 (1991).
22. Cheung WH, Chang KC, Hung RP. Variations in microbial indicator densities in beach waters and health-related assessment of bathing water quality. Epidemiol Infect 106(2):329-344 (1991).
23. Fleisher JM. The effects of measurement error on previously reported mathematical relationships between indicator organism density and swimming-associated illness: a quantitative estimate of the resulting bias. Int J Epidemiol 19(4):1100-1106 (1990).
24. Cabelli VJ. Water-borne viral infections. In: Viruses and Disinfection of Water and Wastewater (Butler M, Medlen A, Morris R, eds). Guildford, England:Surrey Press, 1983;107-130.
25. Cabelli VJ. Swimming-associated illness and recreational water quality criteria. Water Sci Technol 21(2):13-21 (1989).
26. Jiang S, Noble R, Chu W. Human adenoviruses and coliphages in urban runoff impacted coastal waters of Southern California. Appl Environ Microbiol 67(1):179-184 (2001).
27. Eisenberg JN. An analysis of the Milwaukee cryptosporidiosis outbreak based on a dynamic model of the infection process. Epidemiology 9(3):255-263 (1990).
28. Chick S, Koopman J, Soorapanth S, Brown M. Infection transmission system models for microbial risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 274:197-207 (2001).
29. Connolly JP, Blumberg AF, Quadrini JD. Modeling fate of pathogenic organisms in coastal waters of Oahu, Hawaii. J Environ Eng 125(5):398-406 (1999).
30. Soller J, Olivieri A, Spear R, Dodge D. Characterizing the public health risk from recreating in treated wastewater: a dynamic model of disease transmission. In: Proceedings of the 130th Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, 9-13 November 2002, Philadelphia, PA. Washington, DC:American Public Health Association, 2002.
31. Soller JA, Olivieri AW, Thompson K, Tchobanoglous G, EOA Inc. Use of microbial risk assessment to interpret a fecal coliform TMDL. In: Applications of Risk Analysis in Industry in Government, 3-6 December 2000. McLean, VA:Society for Risk Analysis, 2000.
32. Eisenberg JN, Seto EY, Olivieri AW, Spear RC. Quantifying water pathogen risk in an epidemiological framework. Risk Anal 16(4):549-563 (1996).