Digestive protease activities and free amino acids in white muscle as indicators for feed conversion efficiency and growth rate in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Fish Physiology and Biochemistry

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 335-345

  Sunde, J ^a   Taranger, G L ^a   Rungruangsak Torrissen, Krisnart ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH   (Norway)

Author keywords

Chymotrypsin; Feed utilization; Growth; Light; Plasma free amino acids; RNA concentation; RNA protein ratio; Triploid; Trypsin; White muscle free amino acids

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID; CHYMOTRYPSIN; HYDROXYPROLINE; MUSCLE PROTEIN; PROTEINASE; RNA; TRYPSIN;

AMINO ACID ANALYSIS; AMINO ACID BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; ATLANTIC SALMON; BIOCHEMISTRY; DIPLOIDY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; FAST MUSCLE; FEEDING; FOOD INTAKE; GROWTH RATE; NONHUMAN; PHOTOPERIODICITY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; RNA ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TRIPLOIDY;

SALMO SALAR; VERTEBRATA;

EID: 0038398951     PISSN: 09201742     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1023233024001     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Ashford, A.J. and Pain, V.M. 1986. Effect of diabetes on the rates of synthesis and degradation in ribosomes in rat muscle and liver in vivo. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 4059-4065.
2. Austreng, A., Storebakken, T., Åsgård, T. 1987. Growth rate estimates for cultured Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Aquaculture 60: 157-160.
3. Brown, M.E. 1946. The growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta Linn.). II The growth of two-year-old trout at a constant temperature of 11.5°C. J. Exp. Biol. 22: 130-144.
4. Cahu, C.L., Infante, J.L.Z., Peres, A., Quazuguel, P. and Le Gall, M.M. 1998. Algal addition in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae rearing: Effect to digestive enzymes. Aquaculture 161: 479-489.
5. Carter, C.G., Houlihan, D.F., Buchanan, B. and Mitchell, A.I. 1993. Protein-nitrogen flux and protein growth efficiency of individual Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 12: 305-315.
6. Carter, C.G., He, Z.-Y., Houlihan, D.F., McCarthy, I.D. and Davidson, I. 1995. Effect of feeding on the tissue free amino acid concentrations in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 14: 153-164.
7. Einarsson, S., Spencer Davies, P. and Talbot, C. 1996. The effect of feeding on the secretion of pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 15: 439-446.
8. Endal, H.P., Taranger, G.L., Stefansson, S.O. and Hansen, T. 2000. Effects of continuous additional light on growth and sexual maturity in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, reared in sea cages. Aquaculture 191: 337-349.
9. Foster, A.R., Houlihan, D.F. and Hall, S.J. 1993a. Effects of nutritional regime on correlates of growth-rate in juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) - Comparison of morphological and biochemical measurements. Can. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 50: 502-512.
10. Foster, A.R., Hall, S.J. and Houlihan, D.F. 1993b. The effects of seasonal acclimatization on correlates of growth rate in juvenile cod, Gadus morhua. J. Fish Biol. 42: 461-464.
11. Galbreath, P.F. and Thorgaard, G.H. 1995. Saltwater performance of all-female triploid Atlantic salmon. Aquaculture 138: 77-85.
12. Hansen, T., Stefansson, S.O. and Taranger, G.L. 1992. Growth and sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., reared in sea cages at two different light regimes. Aquacult. Fish. Manage 23: 275-280.
13. Helland, S.J., Grisdale-Helland, B., and Nerland, S. 1996. A simple method for the measurement of daily feed intake of groups of fish in tanks. Aquaculture 139: 157-163.
14. Houde, D.E. and Schekter, R.C. 1981. Growth rate, rations and cohort consumption of marine fish larvae in relation to prey concentration. Rapp. P.-V. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer 178: 441-453.
15. Houlihan, D.F., Mathers, E.M. and Foster, A. 1993. Biochemical correlates of growth rate in fish. In: Fish Ecophysiology. pp.45-71. Edited by J.C. Rankin and F.B. Jensen. Chapman & Hall, London.
16. Jobling, M. 1994. Environmental factors and growth. In: Fish Bioenergetics. pp. 166-168. Edited by M. Jobling. Chapman & Hall, London.
17. Johnstone, R., and Stet, R.J.M. 1995. The production of gynogenetic Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Theor. Appl. Genet. 90: 819-826.
18. Kråkenes, R., Hansen, T., Stefansson, S.O. and Taranger, G.L. 1991. Continuous light increases growth rate of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) postsmolts in sea cages. Aquaculture 95: 281-287.
19. Lazo, J.P., Dinis, M.T., Holt, G.J., Faulk, C. and Arnold, C.R. 2000. Co-feeding microparticulate diets with algae: Toward eliminating the need of zooplankton at first feeding in larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Aquaculture 188: 339-351.
20. Lemieux, H., Blier, P.U. and Dutil, J.-D. 1999. Do digestive enzymes set a physiological limit to growth rate and food conversion efficiency in the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)? Fish Physiol. Biochem. 20: 293-303.
21. Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L. and Randall, R.J. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.
22. Nolting, M., Ueberschar, B. and Rosenthal, H. 1999. Trypsin activity and physiological aspects in larval rearing of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) using liver prey and compound diets. J. Appl. Ichthyol. 15: 138-142.
23. Male, R., Lorenz, J.B., Smalås, A.O. and Torrissen, K.R. 1995. Molecular cloning and characterization of anionic and cationic variants of trypsin from Atlantic salmon. Eur. J. Biochem. 232: 677-685.
24. Matty, A.J. 1986. Nutrition, hormones and growth. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 2: 141-150.
25. McCarthy, I.D., Carter, C.G., Houlihan, D.F., Johnstone, R., Mitchell, A.I. 1996. The performance of all-female diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon smolts on transfer together to sea water. J. Fish Biol. 48: 545-548.
26. Millward, D.J. 1989. The nutritional regulation of muscle growth and protein turnover. Aquaculture 79: 1-28.
27. Murat, J-C., Plisetskaya, E.M., Woo, N.Y.S. 1981. Endocrine control of nutrition in cyclostomes and fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 68A: 149-158.
28. Nathanailides, C. and Stickland, N.C. 1996. Activity of cytochrome c oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase in muscle tissue of slow growing (lower modal group) and fast growing (upper modal group) Atlantic salmon. J. Fish Biol. 48: 549-551.
29. O'Flynn, F.M., McGeachy, S.A., Friars, G.W., Benfey, T.J. and Bailey, J.K. 1997. Comparison of cultured triploid and diploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). ICES J. Mar. Sci. 54: 1160-1165.
30. Olsen, Y. A., Einarsdottir, I.E. and Nilssen, K.J. 1995. Metomidate anasthesia in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, prevents cortisol increase during stress. Aquaculture 134: 155-168.
31. Pelletier, D., Guderley, H. and Dutil, J.D. 1993. Does the aerobic capacity of fish muscle change with growth rates. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 12: 83-93.
32. Rungruangsak-Torrissen, K., Carter, C.G., Sundby, A., Berg, A. and Houlihan, D.F. 1999. Maitenance ration, protein synthesis capacity, plasma insulin and growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) with genetically different trypsin isozymes. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 21: 223-233.
33. Rungruangsak-Torrissen, K., Lied, E. and Espe, M. 1994. Differences in digestion and absorption of dietary protein in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with genetically different trypsin isozymes. J. Fish Biol. 45: 1087-1104.
34. Rungruangsak-Torrisen, K., Pringle, G.M., Moss, R. and Houlihan, D.F. 1998. Effects of varying rearing temperature on expression of different trypsin isozymes, feed conversion efficiency and growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish Physiol. Biochem. 19: 247-255.
35. Rungruangsak Torrissen, K. and Male, R. 2000. Trypsin isozymes: Development, digestion and structure. In: Seafood Enzymes, Utilization and Influence on Post-harvest Seafood Quality. Edited by N.F. Haard and B.K. Simpson. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. pp. 215-269.
36. Rungruangsak-Torrissen, K. and Sundby, A. 2000. Protease activities, plasma free amino acis and insulin at different ages of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) with genetically different trypsin isozymes. Fish Physiol. Biochem. 22: 337-347.
37. Rungruangsak-Torrissen, K. and Stensholt, B.K. 2001. Spatial distribution of Atlantic salmon post-smolts: Association between genetic differences in t rypsin isozymes and environmental variables. IN: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Spatial Processes and Management of Fish Populations. pp. 415-429. Edited by G.H. Kruse, N. Bez, A. Booth, M.W. Dorn, S. Hills, R.N. Lipcius, D. Pelletier, C. Roy, S.J. Smith and D. Witherell. University of Alaska Sea Grant, AK-SG-01-02, Fairbanks.
38. Rungruangsak-Torrissen, K., Rustad, A., Sunde, J., Eiane, S.A., Jensen, H.B., Opstvedt, J., Nygård, E., Samuelsen, T.A., Mundheim, H., Luzzana, U. and Venturini, G. 2002. In vitro digestibility based on fish crude enzyme extract for prediction of feed quality in growth trial. J. Sci. Food Agric. 82: 644-654.
39. Suresh, A.V. and Sheehan, R.J. 1998. Biochemical and morphological correlates of growth in diploid and triploid rainbow trout. J Fish Biol. 52: 588-599.
40. Torrissen, K.R. 1987. Genetic variation of trypsin-like isozymes correlated to fish size of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Aquaculture 62: 1-10.
41. Torrissen, K.R. 1991. Genetic variation in growth rate of Atlantic salmon with different trypsin-like isozyme patterns. Aquaculture 93: 299-312.
42. Torrissen, K.R. and Shearer, K.D. 1992. Protein digestion, growth and food conversion in Atlantic salmon and Arctic charr with different trypsin-like isozyme patterns. J. Fish Biol. 41: 409-415.
43. Torrissen, K.R., Lied, E. and Espe, M. 1994. Differences in digestion and absorption of dietary protein in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with genetically different trypsin isozymes. J. Fish Biol. 45: 1087-1104.
44. Waters 1993. Waters AccQ.Tag Chemistry Package Instruction Manual. Waters Corporation, Milford, MA, USA.
45. Zar, J.H. Biostatistical Analysis. 3rd ed. Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey, USA.