메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 150-158

Bayesian models of object perception

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASSOCIATION; BAYES THEOREM; BODY MOVEMENT; DEPTH PERCEPTION; EVALUATION; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; HUMAN; ILLUMINATION; NORMAL DISTRIBUTION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA IMAGE; REVIEW; VISUAL CORTEX; VISUAL INFORMATION; VISUAL STIMULATION; VISUAL SYSTEM;

EID: 0038396223     PISSN: 09594388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0959-4388(03)00042-4     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (231)

References (65)
  • 3
  • 6
    • 0001185873 scopus 로고
    • Essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances
    • Bayes T. Essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. Philosop. Trans. Roy Soc. 53:1763;370-418.
    • (1763) Philosop. Trans. Roy Soc. , vol.53 , pp. 370-418
    • Bayes, T.1
  • 7
    • 0000536828 scopus 로고
    • A method of determining the overall quantum efficiency of visual discriminations
    • Barlow H.B. A method of determining the overall quantum efficiency of visual discriminations. J. Physiol. (Lond). 160:1962;155-168.
    • (1962) J. Physiol. (Lond) , vol.160 , pp. 155-168
    • Barlow, H.B.1
  • 8
    • 0028817532 scopus 로고
    • Object classification for human and ideal observers
    • Liu Z., Knill D.C., Kersten D. Object classification for human and ideal observers. Vision Res. 35:1995;549-568.
    • (1995) Vision Res. , vol.35 , pp. 549-568
    • Liu, Z.1    Knill, D.C.2    Kersten, D.3
  • 9
    • 0034167823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A signal detection model predicts the effects of set size on visual search accuracy for feature, conjunction, triple conjunction, and disjunction displays
    • Eckstein M.P., Thomas J.P., Palmer J., Shimozaki S.S. A signal detection model predicts the effects of set size on visual search accuracy for feature, conjunction, triple conjunction, and disjunction displays. Percept. Psychophys. 62:2000;425-451.
    • (2000) Percept. Psychophys. , vol.62 , pp. 425-451
    • Eckstein, M.P.1    Thomas, J.P.2    Palmer, J.3    Shimozaki, S.S.4
  • 10
    • 0034291204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A parametric texture model based on joint statistics of complex wavelet coefficients
    • Portilla J., Simoncelli E.P. A parametric texture model based on joint statistics of complex wavelet coefficients. Intl. J. Comput. Vision. 40:2000;9-71.
    • (2000) Intl. J. Comput. Vision , vol.40 , pp. 9-71
    • Portilla, J.1    Simoncelli, E.P.2
  • 11
    • 0034934777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural image statistics and neural representation
    • This is an excellent review of generic natural image statistics with a primary emphasis on early neural coding. Although the basic theme is related to the theme of this review, it does not focus on statistics for inference of specific object properties.
    • Simoncelli E.P., Olshausen B.A. Natural image statistics and neural representation. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 24:2001;1193-1216 This is an excellent review of generic natural image statistics with a primary emphasis on early neural coding. Although the basic theme is related to the theme of this review, it does not focus on statistics for inference of specific object properties.
    • (2001) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.24 , pp. 1193-1216
    • Simoncelli, E.P.1    Olshausen, B.A.2
  • 12
    • 0000806445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimax entropy principle and its applications to texture modeling
    • Zhu S.C., Wu Y., Mumford D. Minimax entropy principle and its applications to texture modeling. Neural. Comput. 9:1997;1627-1660.
    • (1997) Neural. Comput. , vol.9 , pp. 1627-1660
    • Zhu, S.C.1    Wu, Y.2    Mumford, D.3
  • 13
    • 0000555146 scopus 로고
    • Spectral distribution of typical daylight as a function of correlated color temperature
    • Judd D.B., MacAdam D.L., Wyszecki G. Spectral distribution of typical daylight as a function of correlated color temperature. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 54:1964;1031-1040.
    • (1964) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.54 , pp. 1031-1040
    • Judd, D.B.1    MacAdam, D.L.2    Wyszecki, G.3
  • 14
    • 0037034043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of scene statistics on colour constancy
    • We see objects as having constant surface color despite the fact that the retinal input is a function of both surface color and illumination. A reddish scene under white light can give rise to the same average stimulation as a neutral scene under red light. Using a spectral database of natural images, the authors showed that the correlation between redness and luminance could be used to disambiguate the scene from the lighting color, and further, that the weight given to the estimate of the illuminant was statistically optimal.
    • Golz J., MacLeod D.I. Influence of scene statistics on colour constancy. Nature. 415:2002;637-640 We see objects as having constant surface color despite the fact that the retinal input is a function of both surface color and illumination. A reddish scene under white light can give rise to the same average stimulation as a neutral scene under red light. Using a spectral database of natural images, the authors showed that the correlation between redness and luminance could be used to disambiguate the scene from the lighting color, and further, that the weight given to the estimate of the illuminant was statistically optimal.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 637-640
    • Golz, J.1    MacLeod, D.I.2
  • 15
    • 0037656765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual segmentation based on the luminance and chromaticity statistics of natural scenes [abstract]
    • URL:
    • Fine I., MacLeod D.I.A. Visual segmentation based on the luminance and chromaticity statistics of natural scenes [abstract]. J. Vision. 1(3):2001;63a. URL: http://journalofvision.org/1/3/63, DOI 10.1167/1.3.63. Differences in luminance between two points in a natural scene are statistically associated with differences in chromaticity. The authors incorporated this information into a Bayesian model to distinguish whether two points are on the same surface or not, and showed that it predicted human performance. (This research will appear as an article in the Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Special Issue on Bayesian and Statistical Approaches to Vision to appear in 2003.).
    • (2001) J. Vision , vol.1 , Issue.3
    • Fine, I.1    MacLeod, D.I.A.2
  • 16
    • 0034269180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic colors mediate scene recognition
    • Oliva A., Schyns P.G. Diagnostic colors mediate scene recognition. Cognit. Psychol. 41:2000;176-210.
    • (2000) Cognit. Psychol. , vol.41 , pp. 176-210
    • Oliva, A.1    Schyns, P.G.2
  • 17
  • 18
    • 0035281850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edge co-occurrence in natural images predicts contour grouping performance
    • The authors used spatial filtering to extract local edge fragments from natural images. They measured statistics on the distance between the element centers, the orientation difference between the elements, and the direction of the second element relative to the orientation of first (reference) element, and showed that a model derived from the measured statistics could quantitatively predict human contour detection performance.
    • Geisler W.S., Perry J.S., Super B.J., Gallogly D.P. Edge co-occurrence in natural images predicts contour grouping performance. Vision Res. 41:2001;711-724 The authors used spatial filtering to extract local edge fragments from natural images. They measured statistics on the distance between the element centers, the orientation difference between the elements, and the direction of the second element relative to the orientation of first (reference) element, and showed that a model derived from the measured statistics could quantitatively predict human contour detection performance.
    • (2001) Vision Res. , vol.41 , pp. 711-724
    • Geisler, W.S.1    Perry, J.S.2    Super, B.J.3    Gallogly, D.P.4
  • 19
    • 0036977067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological statistics of gestalt laws for the perceptual organization of contours
    • URL:
    • Elder J.H., Goldberg R.M. Ecological statistics of gestalt laws for the perceptual organization of contours. J. Vision. 2:2002;324-353. URL: http://journalofvision.org/2/4/5/, DOI 10.1167/2.4.5. Statistics of contours are measured from hand-segmented images and used to put probability distributions on the proximity, continuation, and luminance of contour elements. The relative effectiveness of these cues for grouping contour segments into extended contours is evaluated.
    • (2002) J. Vision , vol.2 , pp. 324-353
    • Elder, J.H.1    Goldberg, R.M.2
  • 20
    • 0033220941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embedding gestalt laws in Markov random fields
    • Zhu S.C. Embedding gestalt laws in Markov random fields. IEEE T Pattern Anal. 21:1999;1170-1187.
    • (1999) IEEE T Pattern Anal. , vol.21 , pp. 1170-1187
    • Zhu, S.C.1
  • 21
    • 0037252843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical edge detection: Learning and evaluating edge cues
    • This paper measures the statistical effectiveness of different visual features for detecting edges and determines the optimal way to combine them. The statistics of feature responses are measured using image databases where human observers have determined the ground truth positions of the edges. [Also see: Konishi SM, Yuille AL, Coughlan JM, Zhu SC: Fundamental bounds on edge detection: an information theoretic evaluation of different edge cues. In Proceedings Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CVPR'99; Fort Collins, Colorado: 1999.]
    • Konishi S.M., Yuille A.L., Coughlan J.M., Zhu S.C. Statistical edge detection: learning and evaluating edge cues. IEEE Pattern Anal. 25:2003;57-74 This paper measures the statistical effectiveness of different visual features for detecting edges and determines the optimal way to combine them. The statistics of feature responses are measured using image databases where human observers have determined the ground truth positions of the edges. [Also see: Konishi SM, Yuille AL, Coughlan JM, Zhu SC: Fundamental bounds on edge detection: an information theoretic evaluation of different edge cues. In Proceedings Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition CVPR'99; Fort Collins, Colorado: 1999.].
    • (2003) IEEE Pattern Anal. , vol.25 , pp. 57-74
    • Konishi, S.M.1    Yuille, A.L.2    Coughlan, J.M.3    Zhu, S.C.4
  • 23
    • 0036979814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decomposing biological motion: A framework for analysis and synthesis of human gait patterns
    • Troje N.F. Decomposing biological motion: a framework for analysis and synthesis of human gait patterns. J. Vision. 2:2002;371-387.
    • (2002) J. Vision , vol.2 , pp. 371-387
    • Troje, N.F.1
  • 24
    • 0030586648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical approach to shape from shading: Reconstruction of three-dimensional face surfaces from single two-dimensional images
    • Atick J.J., Griffin P.A., Redlich A.N. Statistical approach to shape from shading: reconstruction of three-dimensional face surfaces from single two-dimensional images. Neural. Comput. 8:1996;1321-1340.
    • (1996) Neural. Comput. , vol.8 , pp. 1321-1340
    • Atick, J.J.1    Griffin, P.A.2    Redlich, A.N.3
  • 25
    • 0000363506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Separation of texture and shape in images of faces for image coding and synthesis
    • Vetter T., Troje N.F. Separation of texture and shape in images of faces for image coding and synthesis. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 14:1997;2152-2161.
    • (1997) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.14 , pp. 2152-2161
    • Vetter, T.1    Troje, N.F.2
  • 26
    • 0035155027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prototype-referenced shape encoding revealed by high-level aftereffects
    • Leopold D.A., O'Toole A.J., Vetter T., Blanz V. Prototype-referenced shape encoding revealed by high-level aftereffects. Nat. Neurosci. 4:2001;89-94.
    • (2001) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 89-94
    • Leopold, D.A.1    O'Toole, A.J.2    Vetter, T.3    Blanz, V.4
  • 27
    • 0036791053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range image statistics can explain the anomalous perception of length
    • Why does a vertical line appear longer than the same line drawn horizontally? Although there have been several recent studies of the statistics of image intensities and contours, this paper takes the next step to directly compare image statistics on line length with measurements of the causes in the originating 3D scene. The authors found that the average ratio of the 3D physical length to the projected image length from real-world measurements shows the same pattern as perceived length. This result is in the spirit of the 1930s and '40s work of Egon Brunswik.
    • Howe C.Q., Purves D. Range image statistics can explain the anomalous perception of length. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA. 99:2002;13184-13188 Why does a vertical line appear longer than the same line drawn horizontally? Although there have been several recent studies of the statistics of image intensities and contours, this paper takes the next step to directly compare image statistics on line length with measurements of the causes in the originating 3D scene. The authors found that the average ratio of the 3D physical length to the projected image length from real-world measurements shows the same pattern as perceived length. This result is in the spirit of the 1930s and '40s work of Egon Brunswik.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 13184-13188
    • Howe, C.Q.1    Purves, D.2
  • 28
    • 0037180434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical learning of new visual feature combinations by infants
    • Fiser J., Aslin R.N. Statistical learning of new visual feature combinations by infants. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA. 99:2002;15822-15826.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 15822-15826
    • Fiser, J.1    Aslin, R.N.2
  • 29
    • 0037192922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian natural selection and the evolution of perceptual systems
    • Geisler W.S., Diehl R.L. Bayesian natural selection and the evolution of perceptual systems. Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 357:2002;419-448.
    • (2002) Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. , vol.357 , pp. 419-448
    • Geisler, W.S.1    Diehl, R.L.2
  • 30
    • 0038332434 scopus 로고
    • Bayesian models for seeing surfaces and depth
    • Bülthoff H.H., Yuille A. Bayesian models for seeing surfaces and depth. Comment Theor. Biol. 2:1991;283-314.
    • (1991) Comment Theor. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 283-314
    • Bülthoff, H.H.1    Yuille, A.2
  • 31
    • 0035034045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prior knowledge on the illumination position
    • Mamassian P., Goutcher R. Prior knowledge on the illumination position. Cognition. 81:2001;B1-9.
    • (2001) Cognition , vol.81 , pp. 1-9
    • Mamassian, P.1    Goutcher, R.2
  • 32
    • 85047699564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motion illusions as optimal percepts
    • This paper shows that even an ideal observer 'sees' illusions. The 'aperture problem' is a classic problem in motion perception - how do you combine locally ambiguous motion measurements into a single velocity for an object? The authors devise an ideal observer whose prior knowledge is that motions tend to be slow, and integrates local measurements according to their reliabilities. With this model (using a single free parameter per experiment), the authors account for a wide range of motion phenomena and results in human perception that are usually thought to reflect different neural mechanisms.
    • Weiss Y., Simoncelli E.P., Adelson E.H. Motion illusions as optimal percepts. Nat. Neurosci. 5:2002;598-604 This paper shows that even an ideal observer 'sees' illusions. The 'aperture problem' is a classic problem in motion perception - how do you combine locally ambiguous motion measurements into a single velocity for an object? The authors devise an ideal observer whose prior knowledge is that motions tend to be slow, and integrates local measurements according to their reliabilities. With this model (using a single free parameter per experiment), the authors account for a wide range of motion phenomena and results in human perception that are usually thought to reflect different neural mechanisms.
    • (2002) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 598-604
    • Weiss, Y.1    Simoncelli, E.P.2    Adelson, E.H.3
  • 33
    • 0035490661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian contour integration
    • Feldman J. Bayesian contour integration. Percept. Psychophys. 63:2001;1171-1182.
    • (2001) Percept. Psychophys. , vol.63 , pp. 1171-1182
    • Feldman, J.1
  • 34
    • 0003383395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-level vision as statistical inference
    • Edited by Gazzaniga MS. Cambridge: MIT Press
    • Kersten D: High-level vision as statistical inference. In The New Cognitive Neurosciences 2nd Edition. Edited by Gazzaniga MS. Cambridge: MIT Press; 1999:353-363.
    • (1999) The New Cognitive Neurosciences 2nd Edition , pp. 353-363
    • Kersten, D.1
  • 35
    • 0028231626 scopus 로고
    • The generic viewpoint assumption in a framework for visual perception
    • Freeman W.T. The generic viewpoint assumption in a framework for visual perception. Nature. 368:1994;542-545.
    • (1994) Nature , vol.368 , pp. 542-545
    • Freeman, W.T.1
  • 37
    • 0033599041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perception of three-dimensional shape influences colour perception through mutual illumination
    • Bloj M.G., Kersten D., Hurlbert A.C. Perception of three-dimensional shape influences colour perception through mutual illumination. Nature. 402:1999;877-879.
    • (1999) Nature , vol.402 , pp. 877-879
    • Bloj, M.G.1    Kersten, D.2    Hurlbert, A.C.3
  • 38
    • 0002775831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian decision theory and psychophysics
    • Edited by Knill DC, Richards W. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Yuille AL, Bülthoff HH: Bayesian decision theory and psychophysics. In Perception as Bayesian Inference. Edited by Knill DC, Richards W. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1996:123-161.
    • (1996) Perception as Bayesian Inference , pp. 123-161
    • Yuille, A.L.1    Bülthoff, H.H.2
  • 41
    • 0036681580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What determines visual cue reliability?
    • Combining information according to reliability raises the obvious question of the title, where does the information come from? This paper provides a nice overview of recent work on optimal cue combination in human vision together with a discussion of what determines the weighting for cue integration. The article also discusses integration in the context of Kalman filtering, which is a special case of Bayesian estimation.
    • Jacobs R.A. What determines visual cue reliability? Trends Cogn. Sci. 6:2002;345-350 Combining information according to reliability raises the obvious question of the title, where does the information come from? This paper provides a nice overview of recent work on optimal cue combination in human vision together with a discussion of what determines the weighting for cue integration. The article also discusses integration in the context of Kalman filtering, which is a special case of Bayesian estimation.
    • (2002) Trends Cogn. Sci. , vol.6 , pp. 345-350
    • Jacobs, R.A.1
  • 42
    • 0037165165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion
    • Object size can be perceived both visually and by touch. When the information from vision and touch disagree, vision usually dominates. The traditional interpretation that this is because 'vision is the dominant sense' is not particularly informative. The authors showed that when one takes into account the reliability of the sensory measurements, information from vision and touch are integrated optimally. Visual dominance occurs when the reliability of the visual estimation is greater than that of the haptic one.
    • Ernst M.O., Banks M.S. Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion. Nature. 415:2002;429-433 Object size can be perceived both visually and by touch. When the information from vision and touch disagree, vision usually dominates. The traditional interpretation that this is because 'vision is the dominant sense' is not particularly informative. The authors showed that when one takes into account the reliability of the sensory measurements, information from vision and touch are integrated optimally. Visual dominance occurs when the reliability of the visual estimation is greater than that of the haptic one.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.415 , pp. 429-433
    • Ernst, M.O.1    Banks, M.S.2
  • 43
    • 0028942110 scopus 로고
    • Measurement and modeling of depth cue combination: In defense of weak fusion
    • Landy M.S., Maloney L.T., Johnston E.B., Young M. Measurement and modeling of depth cue combination: in defense of weak fusion. Vision Res. 35:1995;389-412.
    • (1995) Vision Res. , vol.35 , pp. 389-412
    • Landy, M.S.1    Maloney, L.T.2    Johnston, E.B.3    Young, M.4
  • 44
    • 0024278516 scopus 로고
    • A computational theory for the perception of coherent visual motion
    • Yuille A., Grzywacz N. A computational theory for the perception of coherent visual motion. Nature. 333:1988;71-74.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.333 , pp. 71-74
    • Yuille, A.1    Grzywacz, N.2
  • 45
    • 0035464532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ideal cue combination for localizing texture-defined edges
    • Landy M.S., Kojima H. Ideal cue combination for localizing texture-defined edges. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 18:2001;2307-2320.
    • (2001) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.18 , pp. 2307-2320
    • Landy, M.S.1    Kojima, H.2
  • 46
    • 0034757172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perception of 3D surface orientation from skew symmetry
    • The projection of a symmetric flat object has a distorted or 'skewed' symmetry that provides partial information about the object's orientation in depth. The authors show that human observers integrate symmetry information with stereo information weighted according to the reliability of the source.
    • Saunders J.A., Knill D.C. Perception of 3D surface orientation from skew symmetry. Vision Res. 41:2001;3163-3183 The projection of a symmetric flat object has a distorted or 'skewed' symmetry that provides partial information about the object's orientation in depth. The authors show that human observers integrate symmetry information with stereo information weighted according to the reliability of the source.
    • (2001) Vision Res. , vol.41 , pp. 3163-3183
    • Saunders, J.A.1    Knill, D.C.2
  • 47
    • 0034885264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of visual prior constraints
    • The authors and others had previously shown that human observers interpret shape assuming prior knowledge constraints that both the viewpoint and the light source tend to be above the object. The authors manipulated the reliability of each of the two constraints by changing the contrast of different parts of the stimuli. The results suggested that prior knowledge constraints behave like depth cues in integration: that is, cues with more reliable information have higher weight attributed to their corresponding prior knowledge constraint.
    • Mamassian P., Landy M.S. Interaction of visual prior constraints. Vision Res. 41:2001;2653-2668 The authors and others had previously shown that human observers interpret shape assuming prior knowledge constraints that both the viewpoint and the light source tend to be above the object. The authors manipulated the reliability of each of the two constraints by changing the contrast of different parts of the stimuli. The results suggested that prior knowledge constraints behave like depth cues in integration: that is, cues with more reliable information have higher weight attributed to their corresponding prior knowledge constraint.
    • (2001) Vision Res. , vol.41 , pp. 2653-2668
    • Mamassian, P.1    Landy, M.S.2
  • 48
    • 0024097424 scopus 로고
    • Integration of depth modules: Stereo and shading
    • Bülthoff H.H., Mallot H.A. Integration of depth modules: stereo and shading. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 5:1988;1749-1758.
    • (1988) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.5 , pp. 1749-1758
    • Bülthoff, H.H.1    Mallot, H.A.2
  • 50
    • 0026601163 scopus 로고
    • The influence of terminators on motion integration across space
    • Lorenceau J., Shiffrar M. The influence of terminators on motion integration across space. Vision Res. 32:1992;263-273.
    • (1992) Vision Res. , vol.32 , pp. 263-273
    • Lorenceau, J.1    Shiffrar, M.2
  • 51
    • 0035233039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond junctions: Nonlocal form constraints on motion interpretation
    • The interpretation of the translating diamond (described by [50]) shown in (Figure 4d
    • McDermott J., Weiss Y., Adelson E.H. Beyond junctions: nonlocal form constraints on motion interpretation. Perception. 30:2001;905-923 The interpretation of the translating diamond (described by [50]) shown in (Figure 4d, depends on which local motion measurements are integrated. These authors show how non-local form information related to surface occlusions determines the selection of motion elements to be integrated. The web-based interactive demonstrations are highly recommended: http://www.perceptionweb.com/perc0801/square.html.
    • (2001) Perception , vol.30 , pp. 905-923
    • McDermott, J.1    Weiss, Y.2    Adelson, E.H.3
  • 52
    • 0037069498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shape perception reduces activity in human primary visual cortex
    • Earlier fMRI work by several groups (see [61]) has shown that the human lateral occipital complex (LOC) increases its activity during object perception. The authors use fMRI to show that when local visual information is perceptually organized into whole objects, activity in V1 decreases over the same period that activity in higher, LOC areas increases. The authors interpret the activity changes in terms of high-level hypotheses that compete to explain away the incoming retinal data.
    • Murray S.O., Kersten D., Olshausen B.A., Schrater P., Woods D.L. Shape perception reduces activity in human primary visual cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:2002;15164-15169 Earlier fMRI work by several groups (see [61]) has shown that the human lateral occipital complex (LOC) increases its activity during object perception. The authors use fMRI to show that when local visual information is perceptually organized into whole objects, activity in V1 decreases over the same period that activity in higher, LOC areas increases. The authors interpret the activity changes in terms of high-level hypotheses that compete to explain away the incoming retinal data.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 15164-15169
    • Murray, S.O.1    Kersten, D.2    Olshausen, B.A.3    Schrater, P.4    Woods, D.L.5
  • 54
    • 0025173943 scopus 로고
    • Does the brain know the physics of specular reflection?
    • Blake A., Bülthoff H.H. Does the brain know the physics of specular reflection? Nature. 343:1990;165-169.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 165-169
    • Blake, A.1    Bülthoff, H.H.2
  • 55
    • 0036566199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Image segmentation by data-driven Markov chain
    • A Bayesian model for image segmentation that uses low-level visual features to rapidly search through high-level interpretations. This model yields good segmentations when tested on a database of a hundred natural images and compared with ground-truth estimates by human observers.
    • Tu Z., Zhu S.-C. Image segmentation by data-driven Markov chain. IEEE T. Pattern Anal. 24:2002;657-673 A Bayesian model for image segmentation that uses low-level visual features to rapidly search through high-level interpretations. This model yields good segmentations when tested on a database of a hundred natural images and compared with ground-truth estimates by human observers.
    • (2002) IEEE T. Pattern Anal. , vol.24 , pp. 657-673
    • Tu, Z.1    Zhu, S.-C.2
  • 56
    • 0034242740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilistic motion estimation based on temporal coherence
    • Burgi P.Y., Yuille A.L., Grzywacz N.M. Probabilistic motion estimation based on temporal coherence. Neural Comput. 12:2000;1839-1867.
    • (2000) Neural Comput. , vol.12 , pp. 1839-1867
    • Burgi, P.Y.1    Yuille, A.L.2    Grzywacz, N.M.3
  • 57
    • 85047695623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural activity in early visual cortex reflects behavioral experience and higher-order perceptual saliency
    • Electrode recording of cells in V1 and V2 of macaque monkeys respond to the apparently high-level task of detecting stimuli that pop-out from shape-from-shading. These responses changed with the animal's behavioral adaptation to contingencies, which suggests dependence on experience and utility.
    • Lee T.S., Yang C.F., Romero R.D., Mumford D. Neural activity in early visual cortex reflects behavioral experience and higher-order perceptual saliency. Nat. Neurosci. 5:2002;589-597 Electrode recording of cells in V1 and V2 of macaque monkeys respond to the apparently high-level task of detecting stimuli that pop-out from shape-from-shading. These responses changed with the animal's behavioral adaptation to contingencies, which suggests dependence on experience and utility.
    • (2002) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.5 , pp. 589-597
    • Lee, T.S.1    Yang, C.F.2    Romero, R.D.3    Mumford, D.4
  • 58
    • 0034329021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information processing with population codes
    • Pouget A., Dayan P., Zemel R. Information processing with population codes. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 1:2000;125-132.
    • (2000) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.1 , pp. 125-132
    • Pouget, A.1    Dayan, P.2    Zemel, R.3
  • 59
    • 0026463329 scopus 로고
    • On the computational architecture of the neocortex. II. The role of cortico-cortical loops
    • Mumford D. On the computational architecture of the neocortex. II. The role of cortico-cortical loops. Biol. Cybern. 66:1992;241-251.
    • (1992) Biol. Cybern. , vol.66 , pp. 241-251
    • Mumford, D.1
  • 60
    • 0034750717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated model of visual processing
    • This paper reviews the evidence that feedback connections are used to enable high-level visual areas to influence perception by interacting with low-level areas V1 and V2. In particular, the cooling of areas such as motion area MT (middle temporal cortex) is shown to affect the response of neurons in lower-areas.
    • Bullier J. Integrated model of visual processing. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 36:2001;96-107 This paper reviews the evidence that feedback connections are used to enable high-level visual areas to influence perception by interacting with low-level areas V1 and V2. In particular, the cooling of areas such as motion area MT (middle temporal cortex) is shown to affect the response of neurons in lower-areas.
    • (2001) Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. , vol.36 , pp. 96-107
    • Bullier, J.1
  • 61
    • 0035056175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lateral occipital complex and its role in object recognition
    • Grill-Spector K., Kourtzi Z., Kanwisher N. The lateral occipital complex and its role in object recognition. Vision Res. 41:2001;1409-1422.
    • (2001) Vision Res. , vol.41 , pp. 1409-1422
    • Grill-Spector, K.1    Kourtzi, Z.2    Kanwisher, N.3
  • 62
    • 84949936079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parsing images into region and curve processes
    • Copenhagen, Denmark: LNCS2352. Edited by Heyden A, Sparr G, Nielsen M, Johnasen P. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
    • Tu Z, Zhu S-C: Parsing images into region and curve processes. In Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision April 29,2002; Copenhagen, Denmark: LNCS2352. Edited by Heyden A, Sparr G, Nielsen M, Johnasen P. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2002:393. URL: http://link.springer.de/link/service/series/0558/tocs/t2352.htm#toc2352 This paper uses a feedforward and feedback Bayesian model to parse images into regions and curves by requiring these alternative explanations to compete to explain the data. The curves can 'explain away' image features, which might adversely affect the quality of the image segmentations by distorting the estimates of the regions.
    • (2002) Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision April 29,2002 , pp. 393
    • Tu, Z.1    Zhu, S.-C.2
  • 64
    • 0027190169 scopus 로고
    • Recovering reflectance and illumination in a world of painted polyhedra
    • Berlin: IEEE Computer Society Press
    • Sinha P, Adelson E: Recovering reflectance and illumination in a world of painted polyhedra. In Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Computer Vision; Berlin: IEEE Computer Society Press;1993:156-163.
    • (1993) Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Computer Vision , pp. 156-163
    • Sinha, P.1    Adelson, E.2
  • 65
    • 0038400692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pattern inference theory: A probabilistic approach to vision
    • Edited by Mausfeld R, Heyer D: Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    • Kersten D, Schrater PR: Pattern inference theory: a probabilistic approach to vision. In Perception and the Physical World. Edited by Mausfeld R, Heyer D: Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.; 2002: 191-228.
    • (2002) Perception and the Physical World , pp. 191-228
    • Kersten, D.1    Schrater, P.R.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.