Sexual recombination and clonal evolution of virulence in Toxoplasma

Microbes and Infection

Volumn 5, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 685-690

  Grigg, Michael E ^a   Suzuki, Yasuhiro ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b VIRGINIA MARYLAND REGIONAL COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Clonality; Evolution; Recombination; Toxoplasma gondii; Virulence

Indexed keywords

CLONAL VARIATION; DNA SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; FERTILIZATION; GENE POOL; GENETIC RECOMBINATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; MEIOSIS; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PARASITE VIRULENCE; POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; TOXOPLASMA GONDII;

PROTOZOA; TOXOPLASMA; TOXOPLASMA GONDII;

EID: 0038392881     PISSN: 12864579     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1286-4579(03)00088-1     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. Frenkel J.K., Dubey J.P., Miller N.L. Toxoplasma gondii in cats: fecal stages identified as coccidian oocysts. Science. 167:1970;893-896.
2. Dubey J.P., Miller N.L., Frenkel J.K. The Toxoplasma gondii oocyst from cat feces. J. Exp. M. 132:1970;636-662.
3. Bowie W.R., King A.S., Werker D.H., Issac-Renton J.L., Bell A., Eng S.B., Marion S.A. Outbreak of toxoplasmosis associated with municipal drinking water. The BC Toxoplasma Investigation Team. Lancet. 350:1997;173-177.
4. Burnett A.J., Shortt S.G., Issac-Renton J., King A., Werker D., Bowie W.R. Multiple cases of acquired toxoplasmosis retinitis presenting in an outbreak. Ophthalmology. 105:1998;1032-1037.
5. Darde M.L., Bouteille B., Pestre-Alexandre M. Isoenzyme analysis of 35 Toxoplasma gondii isolates and the biological and epidemiological implications. J. Parasitol. 78:1992;786-794.
6. Howe D.K., Sibley L.D. Toxoplasma gondii comprises three clonal lineages: correlation of parasite genotype with human disease. J. Infect. Dis. 172:1995;1561-1566.
7. Darde M.L. Biodiversity in Toxoplasma gondii. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 219:1996;27-41.
8. Sibley L.D., Howe D.K. Genetic basis of pathogenicity in toxoplasmosis. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 219:1996;3-15.
9. Tibayrenc M., Kjellberg F., Arnaud J., Oury B., Breniere S.F., Darde M.L., Avyala F.J. Are eukaryotic microorganisms clonal or sexual? A population genetics vantage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:1991;5129-5133.
10. Ayala F.J. Is sex better? Parasites say "no" Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:1998;3346-3348.
11. Tibayrenc M., Ayala F. The clonal theory of parasitic protozoa: 12 years on. Trends Parasitol. 18:2002;405.
12. Tibayrenc M., Ward P., Moya A., Alaya F.J. Natural populations of Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, have a complex multiclonal structure. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83:1986;115-119.
13. Oliveira R.P., Broude N.E., Macedo A.M., Cantor C.R., Smith C.L., Pena S.D. Probing the genetic population structure of Trypanosoma cruzi with polymorphic microsatellites. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:1998;3776-3780.
14. Volkman S.K., Barry A.E., Lyons E.J., Nielsen K.M., Thomas S.M., Choi M., Thakore S.S., Day K.P., Wirth D.F., Hartl D.L. Recent origin of Plasmodium falciparum from a single progenitor. Science. 293:2001;482-484.
15. Hartl D.L., Volkman S.K., Nielsen K.M., Barry A.E., Day K.P., Wirth D.F., Winzeler E.A. The paradoxical population genetics of Plasmodium falciparum. Trends Parasitol. 18:2002;266-272.
16. Rich S.M., Licht M.C., Hudson R.R., Ayala F.J. Malaria's eve: evidence of a recent population bottleneck throughout the world populations of Plasmodium falciparum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95:1998;4425-4430.
17. Ajzenberg D., Banuls A.L., Tibayrenc M., Darde M.L. Microsatellite analysis of Toxoplasma gondii shows considerable polymorphism structured into two main clonal groups. Int. J. Parasitol. 32:2002;27-38.
18. Araujo F., Slifer T., Kim S. Chronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii does not prevent acute disease or colonization of the brain with tissue cysts following reinfection with different strains of the parasite. J. Parasitol. 83:1997;521-522.
19. Dao A., Fortier B., Soete M., Plenat F., Dubremetz J.F. Successful reinfection of chronically infected mice by a different Toxoplasma gondii genotype. Int. J. Parasitol. 31:2001;63-65.
20. Howe D.K., Summers B.C., Sibley L.D. Acute virulence in mice is associated with markers on chromosome VIII in Toxoplasma gondii. Infect. Immunol. 64:1996;5193-5198.
21. Grigg M.E., Ganatra J., Boothroyd J.C., Margolis T.P. Unusual abundance of atypical strains associated with human ocular toxoplasmosis. J. Infect. Dis. 184:2001;633-639.
22. Smith J.M., Smith N.H., O'Rourke M., Spratt B.G. How clonal are bacteria? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;4384-4388.
23. Grigg M.E., Bonnefoy S., Hehl A.B., Suzuki Y., Boothroyd J.C. Success and virulence in Toxoplasma as the result of sexual recombination between two distinct ancestries. Science. 294:2001;161-165.
24. Blackston C.R., Dubey J.P., Dotson E., Su C., Thulliez P., Sibley D., Lehmann T. High-resolution typing of Toxoplasma gondii using microsatellite loci. J. Parasitol. 87:2001;1472-1475.
25. Sibley L.D., Boothroyd J.C. Virulent strains of Toxoplasma gondii comprise a single clonal lineage. Nature. 359:1992;82-85.
26. Sibley L.D., LeBlanc A.J., Pffefferkorn E.R., Boothroyd J.C. Generation of a restriction fragment length polymorphism linkage map for Toxoplasma gondii. Genetics. 132:1992;1003-1015.
27. Su C., Howe D.K., Dubey J.P., Ajioka J.W., Sibley L.D. Identification of quantitative trait loci controlling acute virulence in Toxoplasma gondii. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99:2002;10753-10758.
28. Dardé M.L., Villena I., Pinon J.M., Beguinot I. Severe toxoplasmosis caused by a Toxoplasma gondii strain with a new isoenzyme type acquired in French Guyana. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:1998;324. (letter).
29. Lehmann T., Blackston C.R., Parmley S.F., Remington J.S., Dubey J.P. Strain typing of Toxoplasma gondii: comparison of antigen-coding and housekeeping genes. J. Parasitol. 86:2000;960-971.
30. Scholtissek C., Vallbracht A., Flehmig B., Rott R. Correlation of pathogenicity and gene constellation of influenza A viruses. II. Highly neurovirulent recombinants derived from non-neurovirulent or weakly neurovirulent parent virus strains. Virology. 95:1979;492-500.
31. Robertson D.L., Sharp P.M., McCuchan F.E., Hahn B.H. Recombination in HIV-1. Nature. 374:1995;124-126.
32. Boothroyd J.C., Grigg M.E. Population biology of Toxoplasma gondii and its relevance to human infection: do different strains cause different disease? Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 5:2002;438-442.