Diffraction-limited gradient-index (GRIN) microlenses with high numerical apertures produced by silver ion exchange in glass: Diffusion modeling and process optimization

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

Volumn 3424, Issue , 1998, Pages 88-96

  Messerschmidt, Bernhard ^a   Possner, Ulf ^a   Pfeil, Albrecht V ^a   Possner, Torsten ^a  

^a FRAUNHOFER INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED OPTICS AND PRECISION ENGINEERING   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cylindrical lenses; Diffraction limit; Diffusion modeling; Endoscopes; High power laser diodes; Micro optic lenses; Rod lenses; Silver ion exchange

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS; CHARGE COUPLED DEVICES; COMPOSITION; DIFFRACTIVE OPTICS; GRADIENT INDEX OPTICS; INTERFEROMETRY; ION EXCHANGE; MICROLENSES; REFRACTIVE INDEX; SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS;

CYLINDRICAL LENSES;

GLASS;

EID: 0038374806     PISSN: 0277786X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1117/12.323759     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (9)

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3. R. Goering and M. Rothhardt, "Application of the refracted-near-field technique to multimode planar and channel waveguides in glass," J. Opt. Commun. 7, 82-85 (1986)
4. R. Araujo, "Colorless glasses containing ion-exchanged silver," Appl. Opt. 31, 5221-5224 (1992)
5. B. Messerschmidt, et al., "Desired concentration-dependent ion exchange for micro-optic lenses," Appl. Opt. 35, 5670-5676 (1996)
6. L. E. Murr, Electron and Ion Microscopy and Microanalysis (Marcel and Dekker, New York, 1991)
7. J. Crank, The Mathematics of Diffusion (Clarendon, Oxford, 1975), Chap. 10, p. 231
8. A. v. Pfeil, et al., "Making fast cylindrical gradient-index lenses diffraction limited by using a wavefront-correction element," to be published in Appl. Opt. 37, Vol. 22 (1998)
9. M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of Optics (Pergamon, New York, 1980), Chap. 9