GABAergic mechanisms involved in the vagally mediated heart rate response to muscle contraction as revealed by studies with benzodiazepines

Clinical Autonomic Research

Volumn 13, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 45-50

  Farmer, Matthew R ^a,b   Ross, Hamish F ^a   Chowdhary, Saqib ^a   Osman, Faisal ^a   Townend, Jonathan N ^a   Coote, John H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^b ASTRAZENECA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Benzodiazepines; Cardiac vagal inhibition; Exercise heart rate

Indexed keywords

DIAZEPAM;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE; BLOOD PRESSURE; BREATHING; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAM; GABAERGIC SYSTEM; HEART RATE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; NORMAL HUMAN; RR INTERVAL; TACHYCARDIA; VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; BENZODIAZEPINES; BLOOD PRESSURE; CROSS-OVER STUDIES; DIAZEPAM; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GABA MODULATORS; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; HEART RATE; HUMANS; ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; MALE; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; RESPIRATORY MECHANICS; VAGUS NERVE;

EID: 0038369746     PISSN: 09599851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10286-003-0074-x     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Alam M, Smirk FH (1938) Observations in man on a pulse-accelerating reflex from the voluntary muscles of the legs. J Physiol 92:167-177
2. Al-Ani M, Forkins AS, Townend JN, Coote JH (1996) Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and central respiratory drive in humans. Clin Sci 90:235-241
3. Al-Ani M, Powell L, West J, Townend JN, Coote JH (1995) Exercise and diving: two conflicting stimuli influencing cardiac vagal tone in man. J Physiol 489:603-612
4. Al-Ani MN, Robins K, Al-Khalidi AH, Vaile JC, Townend JN, Coote JH (1997) Isometric contraction of arm flexor muscles as a method of evaluating cardiac vagal tone in man. Clin Sci 92:175-180
5. Coote JH (1975) Physiological significance of somatic afferent pathways from skeletal muscle and joints with reflex effects on the heart and circulation. Brain Res 87:139-144
6. Coote JH (1995) Cardiovascular responses to exercise: central and reflex contribution. In: Jordan D, Marshall JM (eds) Cardiovascular Regulation. Portland Press Ltd, pp 93-111
7. Coote JH, Hilton SM, Perez-Gonzalez JF (1971) The reflex nature of the pressor response to muscular exercise J Physiol 215:789-804
8. DiMicco JA, Gal K, Hamilton BL, Gillis RA (1979) GABA Receptor control of parasympathetic outflow to heart: characterisation and brainstem localisation. Science 204:1106-1109
9. Farmer MR (2000) GABA inhibitory mechanisms in cardiac control in Humans. PhD Thesis. The University of Birmingham
10. Farmer MR, Chowdhary S, Vaile JC, Ross HF, Townend JN, Coote JH (2000) GABAergic effects on baroreflex cardiac vagal outflow assessed by cross-spectral analysis of R-R interval and systolic blood pressure in man. Clin Auton Res 10:90-91
11. Farmer MR, Vaile JC, Osman F, Ross HF, Townend JN, Coote JH (1998) A central γ-Aminobutyric acid mechanism in cardiac vagal control in man revealed by studies with intravenous midazolam. Clin Sci 95:241-248
12. Freyschuss U (1970) Cardiovascular adjustment to somatomotor activation. The elicitation of increments in heart rate, aortic pressure and venomotor tone with the initiation of muscle contraction. Acta Physiol Scand 342(Suppl):5-63
13. Gilbey MP, Jordan D, Spyer KM, Wood LM (1985) The inhibitory actions of GABA on cardiac vagal motoneurones in the cat. J Physiol 361:49P
14. Gladwell VF, Coote JH (2002) Heart rate at the onset of muscle contraction and during passive muscle stretch in humans: a role for mechanoreceptors. J Physiol 540:1095-1102
15. Hollander AP, Bouman LN (1975) Cardiac acceleration in man elicited by a muscle-heart rate reflex. J Appl Physiol 38:272-278
16. Iellamo F, Massaro M, Raimandi G, Peruzzi G, Legramante JM (1999) Role of muscular factors in cardiorespiratory responses to static exercise: contribution of reflex mechanisms. J Appl Physiol 86:174-180
17. Jordan D, Mifflin SW, Spyer KM (1988) Hypothalamic inhibition of neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the cat is GABA mediated. J Physiol 399:389-404
18. Kalia M, Mei SS, Kao FF (1981) Central projections of ergoreceptors (c fibres) in muscle involved in cardiopulmonary responses to static exercise. Circ Res 48:148-162
19. Maciel BC, Gallo L, Marin Neto JA, Martins LEB (1987) Autonomic nervous control of the heart rate during isometric exercise in normal man. Pflügers Archiv 408:73-177
20. McMahon SE, McWilliam PN (1992) Changes in R-R interval at the start of muscle-contraction in the decerebrate cat. J Physiol 447:549-562
21. McMahon SE, McWilliam PN, Robertson J, Kaye JC (1992) Inhibition of carotid sinus baroreceptor neurones in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the anaesthetised cat by electrical stimulation of hindlimb afferent fibres. J Physiol 452:224P
22. McWilliam PN, Yang T (1991) Inhibition of cardiac vagal component of baroreflex by stimulation of group III and IV afferents. Am J Physiol 260:730-734
23. Maqbool A, Batten TFC, McWilliam PN (1991) Ultrastructural relationship between GABAergic terminals and cardiac vagal preganglionic motoneurones and vagal afferents in the cat: a combined HRP tracing and immunogold labelling study. Eur J Neurosci 3:501-513
24. Nyberg G, Blomquist A (1984) The central projections of muscle afferent fibres to the lower medulla and spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 230:99-109
25. Potts JT, Fuchs IE, Li J, Leshnower B, Mitchell JH (1999) Activation of skeletal muscle afferents release substance P in the nucleus tractus solitarii in cats. J Physiol 514:829-843
26. Reves JG, Fragen RJ, Vinik R, Greenblatt DJ (1985) Midazolam: pharmacology and uses. Anaesth 62:310-324
27. Rowell LB, O'Leary DS, Kellogg DL. (1996) Integration of CV control systems in dynamic exercise. In: Rowell LB, Shepherd JT (eds) Handbook of Physiology. Section 12. Exercise: Regulation and Integration of Multiple Systems. American Physiological Society. Oxford University Press, pp 770-838
28. A receptor subtypes: dissecting their pharmacological functions. TIPS 22:188-194
29. Saha S, Batten FC, McWilliam PN (1995) Glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid and tachykinin immunoreactive synapses in the cat nucleus tractus solitarii. J Neurocytol 24:55-74
30. Sato A, Sato Y, Schmidt RF (1981) Heart rate changes reflecting modifications of efferent cardiac sympathetic outflow by cutaneous and muscle afferent volleys. J Auton Nerv Sys 4:231-247
31. Schwartz MA, Koechlin BA, Postma E, et al. (1965) Metabolism of diazepam in rat, dog and man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 149:423-435
32. Secher NH (1999) Cardiovascular function and oxygen delivery during exercise. In: Whipp BJ, Sargeant AJ (eds) Physiological Determinants of Exercise Tolerance in Humans. Portland Press London, pp 93-114
33. A receptor subtypes. TIPS 21:411-413
34. B receptor. Neuropharmacol 28:515-520
35. Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Electrophysiology and Pacing (1996) Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circ 93:1043-1065
36. Wisden W, Stephens DN (1999) Towards better benzodiazepines. Nature 401:751-752