How should gynaecomastia be managed?

ANZ Journal of Surgery

Volumn 73, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 213-216

  Daniels, Ian R ^a,b   Layer, Graham T ^a  

^a T   (United Kingdom)

^b c/ The Mews   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Danazol; Gynaecomastia; Male breast; Mastectomy

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; ALPHA FETOPROTEIN; ANABOLIC AGENT; CANNABIS; CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN BETA SUBUNIT; COCAINE; DANAZOL; DIGOXIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; GAMMA GLUTAMYLTRANSFERASE; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; LANSOPRAZOLE; METHYLDOPA; PREDNISOLONE; PROLACTIN; SPIRONOLACTONE; WARFARIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BREAST AUGMENTATION; BREAST CARCINOMA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFICACY; FOLLOW UP; GYNECOMASTIA; HEALTH CENTER; HUMAN; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MAMMOGRAPHY; MEDICAL EXAMINATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; NEEDLE BIOPSY; PHYSIOLOGY; PUBERTY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; TESTIS CARCINOMA; ULTRASOUND;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; DANAZOL; ESTROGEN ANTAGONISTS; GYNECOMASTIA; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PATIENT SELECTION; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RISK FACTORS; SURGICAL PROCEDURES, OPERATIVE;

EID: 0038365500     PISSN: 14451433     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1445-1433.2002.02584.x     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Simon BE, Hoffman S, Kahn S. Classification and surgical correction of gynaecomastia. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1973; 51: 48-52.
2. Williams TG, Dawson PM. Gynaecomastia: Presentation, aetiology and management. Curr. Prac. Surg. 1992; 4: 105-9.
3. Bowers SP, Pearlman NW, McIntyre RC, Finlayson CA, Huerd S. Cost-effective management of gynaecomastia. Am. J. Surg. 1998; 176: 638-41.
4. Hands LJ, Greenall MJ. Gynaecomastia. Br. J. Surg. 1991; 78: 907-11.
5. Persichetti P, Berloco M, Casadei RM, Marangi GF, DiLella F, Nobili AN. Gynaecomastia and the complete circumareolar approach in the surgical management of skin redundency. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2001; 107: 948-53.
6. Lucas LM, Kumar KL, Smith DL. Gynaecomastia: A worrisome problem for the patient. Postgrad. Med. J. 1987; 82: 73-81.
7. Nuttal FQ. Gynaecomastia as a physical finding in normal men. J. Endocrinol. 1979; 48: 338-40.
8. Biro FM, Lucky AW, Huster GA, Morrison JA. Hormonal studies and physical maturation in adolescent gynaecomastia. J. Pediatr. 1990; 116: 450-5.
9. Burland WL, Gleadle RI, Lee RM, Rowley-Jones D. Prolactin responses to cimetidine. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1979; 7: 19-21.
10. 2-antihistamine, stimulates prolactin secretion in man. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1977; 45: 367-9.
11. Glass AR. Gynaecomastia. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 1994; 23: 825-37.
12. Braunstein GD. Gynaecomastia. N. Engl. Med. J. 1993; 328: 490-5.
13. Murray NP, Daly MJ. Gynaecomastia and heart failure: Adverse drug reaction or disease process? J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 1991; 16: 275-9.
14. Dixon FJ, Moore RA. Tumours of the Male Sex Organs. Atlas of Tumor Pathology. Volume Section VIII (Fascicles 31b and 32). Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1952
15. Stephen RA. Malignant testicular tumours. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 1958; 23: 71-88.
16. Cantwell BMJ, Paul GG, Campbell SJ. Gynaecomastia and extragonadal symptoms leading to diagnosis delay in young men. Postgrad. Med. J. 1991; 67: 675-7.
17. Morgan MY, Jakobovits AW, Gore MBR, Wills MR, Sherlock S. Serum prolactin in liver disease and its relationship to gynaecomastia. Gut 1978; 19: 170-4.
18. Toro G, Kolodny RC, Jacobs LS, Masters WH, Daughaday WH. Failure of alcohol to alter pituitary and target organ hormone levels. Clin. Res. 1973; 21: 505.
19. Walsh JP, Pullan PT. Hyperprolactinaemia in males: A heterogeneous disorder. Aust. N.Z. J. Med. 1997; 27: 385-90.
20. Joshi A, Kapila K, Verma K. Fine needle aspiration cytology in the management of male breast masses. Acta Cytol. 1999; 43: 334-8.
21. Das DK, Junaid TA, Mathews SB et al. Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of male breast lesions. Acta Cytol. 1995; 39: 870-6.
22. Gupta RK, Naran S, Simpson JS. The role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of breast masses in males. Eur. J. Surg. Oncol. 1988; 14: 317-20.
23. Chantra PK, So GJ, Wollman JS, Bassett LW. Mammography of the male breast. AJR 1995; 165: 853-8.
24. Applebaum AH, Evans GF, Levy KR, Amirkhan RH, Schumpert TD. Mammographic appearances of male breast disease. Radiographics 1999; 19: 559-68.
25. Cole-Beuglet C, Schwartz GF, Kurtz AB, Patchefsky AS, Goldberg BB. Ultrasound mammography for male breast enlargement. J. Ultrasound Med. 1982; 1: 301-5.
26. Jackson VP, Gilmore RL. Male breast carcinoma and gynaecomastia: Comparison of mammography and sonography. Radiology 1983; 149: 533-6.
27. Jones DJ, Holt SD, Surtees P, Davison DG, Coptcoat MJ. A comparison of Danazol and placebo in the treatment of adult idiopathic gynaecomastia: Results of a prospective study in 55 patients. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 1990; 72: 296-8.
28. Hughes LE, Mansel RE, Webster DJ. The Male Breast: Benign Disorders and Diseases of the Breast. London: Ballière-Tindall, 1989.
29. Beck W, Stubbe P. Excessive gynaecomastia in boys: Effectiveness of medical treatment with Danazol. Monat. Kinderh. 1984; 132: 32-7.
30. Ting ACW, Chow LWC, Leung YF. Comparison of Tamoxifen with Danazol in the management of idiopathic gynaecomastia. Am. Surg. 2000; 66: 38-40.
31. Park AJ, Lamberty GH. Gynaecomastia: Have Webster's lessons been ignored? J. R. Coll. Surg. Edinb. 1998; 43: 89-92.
32. Moss ALH. The surgical approach to gynaecomastia. N.Z. Med. J. 1982; 95: 505-6.
33. Colombo-Benkmann M, Buse B, Stern J, Herfarth C. Surgical therapy of gynaecomastia and its results. Langenbecks Arch. Chir. Suppl. Kongressbd 1998; 115: 1282-4.