메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 748-763

Rumen manipulation to improve animal productivity

Author keywords

Defaunation; Feed Conversion Efficiency; Growth; Nutrient Utilization; Probiotics; Rumen Manipulation

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); BOVIDAE; FUNGI; PROTOZOA;

EID: 0038356808     PISSN: 10112367     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2003.748     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (27)

References (171)
  • 1
    • 0029440778 scopus 로고
    • Effect of administration of Bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria to new born calves and piglets
    • Abe, F., N. Ishibashi and S. Shimamura. 1995. Effect of administration of Bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria to new born calves and piglets. J. Dairy Sci. 78:2838-2846.
    • (1995) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.78 , pp. 2838-2846
    • Abe, F.1    Ishibashi, N.2    Shimamura, S.3
  • 2
    • 0001908779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of diet containing lactobacillus on performance, faecal coliform and lactobacillus of young dairy calves
    • Abu-Tarboush, H. M., M. Y. Al-Saiady and A. H. Keir El-Din. 1996. Evaluation of diet containing lactobacillus on performance, faecal coliform and lactobacillus of young dairy calves. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 57:39-49.
    • (1996) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.57 , pp. 39-49
    • Abu-Tarboush, H.M.1    Al-Saiady, M.Y.2    Keir El-Din, A.H.3
  • 3
    • 0000740082 scopus 로고
    • Influence of viable yeast culture, sodium bicarbonate and monensin on liquid dilution rate, rumen fermentation and feedlot performance of growing steers and digestibility in lambs
    • Adams, D. C., M. L. Galyean, H. E. Kiesling, J. D. Wallace and M. D. Finker. 1981. Influence of viable yeast culture, sodium bicarbonate and monensin on liquid dilution rate, rumen fermentation and feedlot performance of growing steers and digestibility in lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 53:780-789.
    • (1981) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 780-789
    • Adams, D.C.1    Galyean, M.L.2    Kiesling, H.E.3    Wallace, J.D.4    Finker, M.D.5
  • 4
    • 0000025565 scopus 로고
    • Hydrolytic enzymes of buffalo rumen: Comparison of cell free rumen fluid, bacterial and protozoal fractions
    • Agarwal, Neeta., N. Kewalramani, D. N. Kamra, D. K. Agrawal and K. Nath. 1991. Hydrolytic enzymes of buffalo rumen: Comparison of cell free rumen fluid, bacterial and protozoal fractions. Buff. J. 2:203-207.
    • (1991) Buff. J. , vol.2 , pp. 203-207
    • Agarwal, N.1    Kewalramani, N.2    Kamra, D.N.3    Agrawal, D.K.4    Nath, K.5
  • 5
    • 0038358955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial feed additives for ruminants
    • (Ed. D. N. Kamra, Neeta Agarwal, L. C. Chaudhary and D. K. Agrawal). IVRI Publication, Izatnagar, India
    • Agarwal, Neeta. 2002. Microbial feed additives for ruminants. In: Recent Advances in Rumen Microbiology (Ed. D. N. Kamra, Neeta Agarwal, L. C. Chaudhary and D. K. Agrawal). IVRI Publication, Izatnagar, India, pp. 47-56.
    • (2002) Recent Advances in Rumen Microbiology , pp. 47-56
    • Agarwal, N.1
  • 6
    • 0026145015 scopus 로고
    • Influence of feeding Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on milk yield and early pattern of body temperature on lactating cows
    • Alarcon, R. A. G., J. T. Huber, G. E. Higginbotham, F. Wiersma, D. Amnon and B. Taylor. 1991. Influence of feeding Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on milk yield and early pattern of body temperature on lactating cows. J. Anim. Sci. 69:1733-1740.
    • (1991) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 1733-1740
    • Alarcon, R.A.G.1    Huber, J.T.2    Higginbotham, G.E.3    Wiersma, F.4    Amnon, D.5    Taylor, B.6
  • 7
    • 0027048891 scopus 로고
    • Synergistes jonesii, gen. Nov., sp. nov.: A rumen bacterium that degrades toxic pyridinediols
    • Allison, M. J., W. R. Mayberry, C. S. McSweeney and D. A. Stah. 1992. Synergistes jonesii, gen. Nov., sp. nov.: A rumen bacterium that degrades toxic pyridinediols. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 15:522-529.
    • (1992) Syst. Appl. Microbiol. , vol.15 , pp. 522-529
    • Allison, M.J.1    Mayberry, W.R.2    McSweeney, C.S.3    Stah, D.A.4
  • 8
    • 0018089453 scopus 로고
    • Rumen protozoal degradation of structurally intact forage tissue
    • Amos, H. E. and D. E. Akin. 1978. Rumen protozoal degradation of structurally intact forage tissue. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 36:513-522.
    • (1978) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.36 , pp. 513-522
    • Amos, H.E.1    Akin, D.E.2
  • 9
    • 38249000471 scopus 로고
    • Effect of yeast culture addition on digestion in sheep fed a high concentrate diet
    • Andrighetto, I., L. Bailoni, G. Cozzi and P. Berzaghi. 1993. Effect of yeast culture addition on digestion in sheep fed a high concentrate diet. Small Rum. Res. 12:27-34.
    • (1993) Small Rum. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 27-34
    • Andrighetto, I.1    Bailoni, L.2    Cozzi, G.3    Berzaghi, P.4
  • 10
    • 0034630088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of feeding monensin and yeast culture alone or in combination, on the concentration and generic composition of rumen protozoa in steers fed on low-quality pasture supplemented with increasing levels of concentrate
    • Arakaki, L. C., R. C. Stahringer, J. E. Garrett and B. A. Dehority. 2000. The effects of feeding monensin and yeast culture alone or in combination, on the concentration and generic composition of rumen protozoa in steers fed on low-quality pasture supplemented with increasing levels of concentrate. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 84:121-127.
    • (2000) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.84 , pp. 121-127
    • Arakaki, L.C.1    Stahringer, R.C.2    Garrett, J.E.3    Dehority, B.A.4
  • 11
    • 0023956824 scopus 로고
    • Use of a unique gene sequence as a probe to enumerate a strain of Bactericides ruminocola introduced into rumen
    • Attwood, G. Y., D. L. R. Gordon, J. P. Ue and J. D. Brooker. 1988. Use of a unique gene sequence as a probe to enumerate a strain of Bactericides ruminocola introduced into rumen. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:534-5441.
    • (1988) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.54 , pp. 534-5441
    • Attwood, G.Y.1    Gordon, D.L.R.2    Ue, J.P.3    Brooker, J.D.4
  • 12
    • 0037682889 scopus 로고
    • Comparative growth of normal and infusoria free lambs
    • Becker, E. R. and R. C. Everett. 1930. Comparative growth of normal and infusoria free lambs. Am. J. Hyj. 11:362-370.
    • (1930) Am. J. Hyj. , vol.11 , pp. 362-370
    • Becker, E.R.1    Everett, R.C.2
  • 13
    • 0018496356 scopus 로고
    • The effects of defaunation of the rumen on the growth of lambs on low protein high energy diets
    • Bird, S. H., M. K. Hill and R. A. Leng. 1979. The effects of defaunation of the rumen on the growth of lambs on low protein high energy diets. Br. J. Nut. 42:81-87.
    • (1979) Br. J. Nut. , vol.42 , pp. 81-87
    • Bird, S.H.1    Hill, M.K.2    Leng, R.A.3
  • 14
    • 0021675928 scopus 로고
    • Further studies of the effects of the presence or absence of protozoa in the rumen on live weight gain and wool growth of sheep
    • Bird, S. and R. A. Leng. 1984. Further studies of the effects of the presence or absence of protozoa in the rumen on live weight gain and wool growth of sheep. Br. J. Nut. 52:607-611.
    • (1984) Br. J. Nut. , vol.52 , pp. 607-611
    • Bird, S.1    Leng, R.A.2
  • 15
    • 0000358714 scopus 로고
    • Productivity response to eliminating protozoa from the rumen of sheep
    • Bird, S. H. and R. A. Leng. 1985. Productivity response to eliminating protozoa from the rumen of sheep. Rev. Rural Sci. 6:109-117.
    • (1985) Rev. Rural Sci. , vol.6 , pp. 109-117
    • Bird, S.H.1    Leng, R.A.2
  • 16
    • 38149145560 scopus 로고
    • Effects of lucerne supplementation and defaunation on feed intake, digestibilty, N retention and productivity of sheep fed straw based diets
    • Bird, S. H., B. Rommulo and R. A. Leng. 1994. Effects of lucerne supplementation and defaunation on feed intake, digestibilty, N retention and productivity of sheep fed straw based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 45:119-129.
    • (1994) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.45 , pp. 119-129
    • Bird, S.H.1    Rommulo, B.2    Leng, R.A.3
  • 18
    • 0000772579 scopus 로고
    • Rumen ciliates: Their metabolism and relationships with bacteria and their hosts
    • Bonhomme, A. 1990. Rumen ciliates: their metabolism and relationships with bacteria and their hosts. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 30:203-266.
    • (1990) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.30 , pp. 203-266
    • Bonhomme, A.1
  • 19
    • 0033053551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution of animal agriculture to meeting global human food demand
    • Bradford, G. E. 1999. Contribution of animal agriculture to meeting global human food demand. Livest. Prod. Sci. 59:95-112.
    • (1999) Livest. Prod. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 95-112
    • Bradford, G.E.1
  • 20
    • 0019967719 scopus 로고
    • Proteolytic activity of rumen micro-organisms and effect of proteinase inhibitors
    • Brock, F. M., C. W. Forsberg and S. J. G. Buchman. 1982. Proteolytic activity of rumen micro-organisms and effect of proteinase inhibitors. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44:561-569.
    • (1982) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.44 , pp. 561-569
    • Brock, F.M.1    Forsberg, C.W.2    Buchman, S.J.G.3
  • 21
    • 85010249192 scopus 로고
    • Apparent incorporation of ammonia and amino acid carbon during growth of selected species of rumen bacteria
    • Bryant, M. P. and I. M. Robinson. 1963. Apparent incorporation of ammonia and amino acid carbon during growth of selected species of rumen bacteria. J. Dairy Sci. 46:150-154.
    • (1963) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 150-154
    • Bryant, M.P.1    Robinson, I.M.2
  • 22
    • 0023959045 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of live and killed brewer's yeast slurries and intoxication by intraruminal administration to cattle
    • Burning, C. L. and M. T. Yokoyama. 1988. Characteristics of live and killed brewer's yeast slurries and intoxication by intraruminal administration to cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 66:585-591.
    • (1988) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 585-591
    • Burning, C.L.1    Yokoyama, M.T.2
  • 23
    • 84971961774 scopus 로고
    • The effect of dietary inclusion of yeast culture on digestion in the sheep
    • Chademana, L. and N. W. Offer. 1990. The effect of dietary inclusion of yeast culture on digestion in the sheep. Anim. Prod. 50:483-489.
    • (1990) Anim. Prod. , vol.50 , pp. 483-489
    • Chademana, L.1    Offer, N.W.2
  • 24
    • 85039678971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic engineering to enhance microbial interference and related therapeutic applications
    • Chang, H. 1996. Genetic engineering to enhance microbial interference and related therapeutic applications. Nature Biotecnol. 14:423-431.
    • (1996) Nature Biotecnol. , vol.14 , pp. 423-431
    • Chang, H.1
  • 25
    • 0038358931 scopus 로고
    • Performance of growing Murrah buffalo calves as affected by treatment with Manoxol and the presence of ciliate protozoa in the rumen
    • Chaudhary, L. C. and A. Srivastava. 1995. Performance of growing Murrah buffalo calves as affected by treatment with Manoxol and the presence of ciliate protozoa in the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 51:281-286.
    • (1995) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.51 , pp. 281-286
    • Chaudhary, L.C.1    Srivastava, A.2
  • 26
    • 0001656704 scopus 로고
    • Rumen fermentation pattern and digestion of structural carbohydrate in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves as affected by ciliate protozoa
    • Chaudhary, L. C., A. Srivastava and K. K. Singh. 1995. Rumen fermentation pattern and digestion of structural carbohydrate in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves as affected by ciliate protozoa. Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. 56:111-117.
    • (1995) Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol. , vol.56 , pp. 111-117
    • Chaudhary, L.C.1    Srivastava, A.2    Singh, K.K.3
  • 27
    • 0003125843 scopus 로고
    • The inter relationship between rumen ciliate protozoa and bacteria
    • (Ed. W. Mc Donald and A. C. I. Warner). The University of New England Publishing Unit
    • Coleman, G. S. 1975. The inter relationship between rumen ciliate protozoa and bacteria. In: Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant (Ed. W. Mc Donald and A. C. I. Warner). The University of New England Publishing Unit, pp. 149-164.
    • (1975) Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant , pp. 149-164
    • Coleman, G.S.1
  • 28
    • 84974057974 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of carboxymethyl cellulase between fractions taken from the rumen of sheep containing no protozoa or one of five different protozoal population
    • Coleman, G. S. 1986. The distribution of carboxymethyl cellulase between fractions taken from the rumen of sheep containing no protozoa or one of five different protozoal population. J. Agric. Sci. 106:121-127.
    • (1986) J. Agric. Sci. , vol.106 , pp. 121-127
    • Coleman, G.S.1
  • 29
    • 0016893783 scopus 로고
    • Urease activity in the rumen of sheep and distribution of ureolytic bacteria
    • Cook, R. A. 1976. Urease activity in the rumen of sheep and distribution of ureolytic bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 92:32-49.
    • (1976) J. Gen. Microbiol. , vol.92 , pp. 32-49
    • Cook, R.A.1
  • 30
    • 0030101718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation of milk replacer on pre weaning performance of calves
    • Cruywagen, C. W., I. Jordan and L. Venter. 1996. Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation of milk replacer on pre weaning performance of calves. J. Dairy Sci. 79:483-486.
    • (1996) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.79 , pp. 483-486
    • Cruywagen, C.W.1    Jordan, I.2    Venter, L.3
  • 31
    • 0038358932 scopus 로고
    • Modification of rumen function and animal production using live microbial cultures as feed supplements
    • Centre Plaza, Holiday Inn, Fresno, California
    • Dawson, K. A. 1989. Modification of rumen function and animal production using live microbial cultures as feed supplements. In: Proceeding of California Animal Nutrition Conference, Centre Plaza, Holiday Inn, Fresno, California, pp. 25-43.
    • (1989) Proceeding of California Animal Nutrition Conference , pp. 25-43
    • Dawson, K.A.1
  • 32
    • 0038358934 scopus 로고
    • Designing the yeast culture of tomorrow: Mode of action of yeast culture for ruminants and non ruminants
    • (Ed. T. P. Lyons). Alltech Technical Publications, Nicholasville, KY
    • Dawson, K. A. 1990. Designing the yeast culture of tomorrow: Mode of action of yeast culture for ruminants and non ruminants. In: Biotechnology in the Feed Industry (Ed. T. P. Lyons). Alltech Technical Publications, Nicholasville, KY.
    • (1990) Biotechnology in the Feed Industry
    • Dawson, K.A.1
  • 33
    • 0007225998 scopus 로고
    • Current and future role of yeast culture in animal production: A review of research over the last six years
    • (Ed. T. P. Lyons), Alltech Technical Publications, Nicholasville, KY
    • Dawson, K. A. 1992. Current and future role of yeast culture in animal production: A review of research over the last six years. In: Biotechnology in the Feed Industry (Ed. T. P. Lyons), Alltech Technical Publications, Nicholasville, KY.
    • (1992) Biotechnology in the Feed Industry
    • Dawson, K.A.1
  • 34
    • 0038358954 scopus 로고
    • Fermentation in rumen simulating continuous culture receiving probiotics supplements
    • Abstr.
    • Dawson, K. A. and K. E. Newman. 1987. Fermentation in rumen simulating continuous culture receiving probiotics supplements. J. Anim. Sci. 66 (Supp. 1) 500 (Abstr.).
    • (1987) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.66 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 500
    • Dawson, K.A.1    Newman, K.E.2
  • 35
    • 0025502397 scopus 로고
    • Effect of microbial supplements containing yeast and lactobacilli on roughage-fed ruminal microbial activities
    • Dawson, K. A., K. E. Newman and J. A. Boling. 1990. Effect of microbial supplements containing yeast and lactobacilli on roughage-fed ruminal microbial activities. J. Anim. Sci. 68:3392-3398.
    • (1990) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 3392-3398
    • Dawson, K.A.1    Newman, K.E.2    Boling, J.A.3
  • 36
    • 0001490216 scopus 로고
    • Rumen microbes and digestion of plant cell walls
    • Demeyer, D. I. 1981. Rumen microbes and digestion of plant cell walls. Agric. Environ. 6:295-337.
    • (1981) Agric. Environ. , vol.6 , pp. 295-337
    • Demeyer, D.I.1
  • 37
    • 0002989631 scopus 로고
    • Biotechnology and the quality of animal products in sustainable agriculture
    • Demeyer, D. I. 1992. Biotechnology and the quality of animal products in sustainable agriculture. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 1:65-80.
    • (1992) J. Appl. Anim. Res. , vol.1 , pp. 65-80
    • Demeyer, D.I.1
  • 38
    • 0018538273 scopus 로고
    • Effect of defaunation on the metabolism of rumen microorganisms
    • Demeyer, D. I. and C. J. Van Nevel. 1979. Effect of defaunation on the metabolism of rumen microorganisms. Br. J. Nutr. 42:515-524.
    • (1979) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.42 , pp. 515-524
    • Demeyer, D.I.1    Van Nevel, C.J.2
  • 39
    • 0001760736 scopus 로고
    • The effect of defaunation on the growth of lambs fed three urea containing diets
    • Demeyer, D. I., C. J. Van Nevel and G. Van de Voorde. 1982. The effect of defaunation on the growth of lambs fed three urea containing diets. Arch. Tierernaehr. Tierz. 32:595-603.
    • (1982) Arch. Tierernaehr. Tierz. , vol.32 , pp. 595-603
    • Demeyer, D.I.1    Van Nevel, C.J.2    Van De Voorde, G.3
  • 40
    • 0038697130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rumen manipulation for the improved utilization of tropical forages
    • Dominguez Bello, M. G. and A. Escobar. 1997. Rumen manipulation for the improved utilization of tropical forages. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 69:91-102.
    • (1997) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.69 , pp. 91-102
    • Dominguez Bello, M.G.1    Escobar, A.2
  • 42
    • 0015123422 scopus 로고
    • The effect of the absence of rumen ciliate protozoa on growing lambs fed on roughage and concentrate diet
    • Eadie, J. M. and J. C. Gill. 1971. The effect of the absence of rumen ciliate protozoa on growing lambs fed on roughage and concentrate diet. Br. J. Nutr. 26:155-167.
    • (1971) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.26 , pp. 155-167
    • Eadie, J.M.1    Gill, J.C.2
  • 43
    • 0040433206 scopus 로고
    • The effect of supplemental yeast culture (YEA-SACC) on patterns of rumen fermentation and growth performance of intensively fed bulls
    • Edwards, I. E., T. Mutsvanga, J. H. Topps and G. F. M. Patterson. 1990. The effect of supplemental yeast culture (YEA-SACC) on patterns of rumen fermentation and growth performance of intensively fed bulls. Anim. Prod. Abstr. 579A
    • (1990) Anim. Prod. Abstr. , vol.579 A
    • Edwards, I.E.1    Mutsvanga, T.2    Topps, J.H.3    Patterson, G.F.M.4
  • 44
    • 0038697164 scopus 로고
    • Improving efficiency of use supplements by manipulation of management procedures
    • (Ed. R. M. Dixon). International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges (IDP), Canberra, Australia
    • Egan, A. R., F. Frederick and R. M. Dixon. 1986. Improving efficiency of use supplements by manipulation of management procedures. In: Ruminal Feeding System Utilizing Fibrous Agricultural Residues (Ed. R. M. Dixon). International Development Program of Australian Universities and Colleges (IDP), Canberra, Australia, pp. 69-81.
    • (1986) Ruminal Feeding System Utilizing Fibrous Agricultural Residues , pp. 69-81
    • Egan, A.R.1    Frederick, F.2    Dixon, R.M.3
  • 45
    • 0007674669 scopus 로고
    • The effect of yeast culture on rumen fermentation: Growth of the yeast in the rumen and the requirement of viable yeast cells
    • Abstr.
    • El Hassan, S. M., C. J. Newbold and R. J. Wallace. 1993. The effect of yeast culture on rumen fermentation:growth of the yeast in the rumen and the requirement of viable yeast cells. Anim. Prod. 56:463 (Abstr.).
    • (1993) Anim. Prod. , vol.56 , pp. 463
    • El Hassan, S.M.1    Newbold, C.J.2    Wallace, R.J.3
  • 46
    • 0030079265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of yeast culture on rumen fermentation, microbial protein flow from the rumen and live weight gain in bulls given high cereal diets
    • El Hassan, S. M., C. J. Newbold, I. E. Edwards, J. H. Topps and R. J. Wallace. 1996. Effect of yeast culture on rumen fermentation, microbial protein flow from the rumen and live weight gain in bulls given high cereal diets. Anim. Sci. 62:43-48.
    • (1996) Anim. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 43-48
    • El Hassan, S.M.1    Newbold, C.J.2    Edwards, I.E.3    Topps, J.H.4    Wallace, R.J.5
  • 47
    • 0026951379 scopus 로고
    • Effect of yeast culture supplement on production, rumen fermentation and duodenal nitrogen flow in dairy cows
    • Erasmus, L. J., P. M. Botha and A. Kistner. 1992. Effect of yeast culture supplement on production, rumen fermentation and duodenal nitrogen flow in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75:3056-3065.
    • (1992) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.75 , pp. 3056-3065
    • Erasmus, L.J.1    Botha, P.M.2    Kistner, A.3
  • 48
    • 0010219247 scopus 로고
    • Effect of yeast culture and sodium bicarbonate on milk yield and composition in dairy cows
    • Erdman, R. A. and B. K. Sharma. 1989. Effect of yeast culture and sodium bicarbonate on milk yield and composition in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 72:1929-1932.
    • (1989) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.72 , pp. 1929-1932
    • Erdman, R.A.1    Sharma, B.K.2
  • 49
    • 0041027195 scopus 로고
    • The effect of yeast culture inclusion in the concentrate diet on calf performances
    • Abstr.
    • Fallon, R. J. and F. J. Harte. 1987. The effect of yeast culture inclusion in the concentrate diet on calf performances. J. Dairy Sci. 70 (Supp. 1) 126 (Abstr.).
    • (1987) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.70 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 126
    • Fallon, R.J.1    Harte, F.J.2
  • 50
    • 0017863437 scopus 로고
    • Behaviour of solute and particle markers in the stomach of sheep given a concentrate diet
    • Faichney, G. J. and D. A. Griffiths. 1978. Behaviour of solute and particle markers in the stomach of sheep given a concentrate diet. Br. J. Nutr. 40:71-82.
    • (1978) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.40 , pp. 71-82
    • Faichney, G.J.1    Griffiths, D.A.2
  • 51
    • 0027936491 scopus 로고
    • Molecular genetics of obligate anaerobes from the rumen
    • Flint, H. J. 1994. Molecular genetics of obligate anaerobes from the rumen. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 121: 259-267.
    • (1994) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , vol.121 , pp. 259-267
    • Flint, H.J.1
  • 52
    • 84971928448 scopus 로고
    • A note on the effect of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on the rumen fermentation of sheep given straw
    • Fondevila, M., C. J. Newbold, P. M. Hotten and E. R. Orskov. 1990. A note on the effect of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on the rumen fermentation of sheep given straw. Anim. Prod. 51:422-425.
    • (1990) Anim. Prod. , vol.51 , pp. 422-425
    • Fondevila, M.1    Newbold, C.J.2    Hotten, P.M.3    Orskov, E.R.4
  • 53
    • 0001027174 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of microflora, microfauna and digestion in the rumen of lambs from birth to four months
    • Fonty, G., J. P. Jouany, J. Senaud, Ph. Gouet and J. Grain. 1984. The evolution of microflora, microfauna and digestion in the rumen of lambs from birth to four months. Can. J. Anim. Sci. Supp.:165-169.
    • (1984) Can. J. Anim. Sci. Supp. , pp. 165-169
    • Fonty, G.1    Jouany, J.P.2    Senaud, J.3    Gouet, Ph.4    Grain, J.5
  • 54
    • 84988157334 scopus 로고
    • Recent progress in genetic manipulation of rumen microbes
    • (Ed. J. P. Jouany). INRA Editions, France
    • Forano, E. 1991. Recent progress in genetic manipulation of rumen microbes. In: Ruminant Microbial Metabolism and Ruminant Digestion (Ed. J. P. Jouany). INRA Editions, France, pp. 89-103.
    • (1991) Ruminant Microbial Metabolism and Ruminant Digestion , pp. 89-103
    • Forano, E.1
  • 55
    • 0002143844 scopus 로고
    • Establishment of rumen microbial gene pools and their manipulation to benefit digestion by domestic animals
    • Edmonton, Alberta
    • Forsberg, C. W., K. J. Cheng, P. J. Krell and J. P. Phillips. 1993. Establishment of rumen microbial gene pools and their manipulation to benefit digestion by domestic animals. In: Proceeding of the Seventh World Conference on Animal Production, Edmonton, Alberta, Vol. 1. pp. 281-316.
    • (1993) Proceeding of the Seventh World Conference on Animal Production , vol.1 , pp. 281-316
    • Forsberg, C.W.1    Cheng, K.J.2    Krell, P.J.3    Phillips, J.P.4
  • 56
    • 84974231466 scopus 로고
    • Influence of Aspergillus orygae extract on fermentation of basal ration in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)
    • Frumholtz, P. P., C. J. Newbold and R. J. Wallace. 1989. Influence of Aspergillus orygae extract on fermentation of basal ration in the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). J. Agric. Sci. 113:169-172.
    • (1989) J. Agric. Sci. , vol.113 , pp. 169-172
    • Frumholtz, P.P.1    Newbold, C.J.2    Wallace, R.J.3
  • 57
    • 84982189058 scopus 로고
    • A Review: Probiotics in man and animals
    • Fuller, R. 1989. A Review: Probiotics in man and animals. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 66:365-378.
    • (1989) J. Appl. Bacteriol. , vol.66 , pp. 365-378
    • Fuller, R.1
  • 58
    • 0010865930 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two strain of Lactobacillus acidophillus as dietary adjuncts for young calves
    • Gilliland, F. L., B. B. Bruce, L. J. Bush and T. E. Staley. 1980. Comparison of two strain of Lactobacillus acidophillus as dietary adjuncts for young calves. J. Dairy Sci. 63:964-974.
    • (1980) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 964-974
    • Gilliland, F.L.1    Bruce, B.B.2    Bush, L.J.3    Staley, T.E.4
  • 59
    • 0038020754 scopus 로고
    • Lactic acid utilization in rumen simulating cultures receiving a yeast culture supplement
    • Abstr.
    • Girard, D., C. R. Jones and K. A. Dowson. 1993. Lactic acid utilization in rumen simulating cultures receiving a yeast culture supplement. J. Anim. Sci. 71 (Supp. 1) 288 (Abstr.).
    • (1993) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.71 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 288
    • Girard, D.1    Jones, C.R.2    Dowson, K.A.3
  • 61
    • 0024838465 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of leucaena toxicosis of cattle in Florida by ruminal inoculation with 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone degrading bacteria
    • Hammond, A. D., M. J. Allison, M. J. Williams, G. M. Prine and D. B. Bates. 1989. Prevention of leucaena toxicosis of cattle in Florida by ruminal inoculation with 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone degrading bacteria. Am. J. Vet. Res. 50:2176-2180.
    • (1989) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.50 , pp. 2176-2180
    • Hammond, A.D.1    Allison, M.J.2    Williams, M.J.3    Prine, G.M.4    Bates, D.B.5
  • 62
    • 0005317191 scopus 로고
    • Feeding yeast culture to lactating dairy cows
    • Abstr.
    • Harris, B. and R. Lobo. 1988. Feeding yeast culture to lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 71 (Supp. 1) 276 (Abstr.).
    • (1988) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.71 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 276
    • Harris, B.1    Lobo, R.2
  • 63
    • 0024115106 scopus 로고
    • Influence of addition of yeast culture supplement to diets of lactating cows on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations
    • Harrison, G. A., R. W. Hemken, K. A. Dawson, R. J. Harmon and K. B. Barker. 1988. Influence of addition of yeast culture supplement to diets of lactating cows on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations. J. Dairy Sci. 71:2967-2975.
    • (1988) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.71 , pp. 2967-2975
    • Harrison, G.A.1    Hemken, R.W.2    Dawson, K.A.3    Harmon, R.J.4    Barker, K.B.5
  • 64
    • 0026235448 scopus 로고
    • Sulphur availability and microbial fermentation in fauna free rumen
    • Hegarty, R. S., J. V. Nolan and R. A. Leng. 1991. Sulphur availability and microbial fermentation in fauna free rumen. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 41:725-736.
    • (1991) Arch. Anim. Nutr. , vol.41 , pp. 725-736
    • Hegarty, R.S.1    Nolan, J.V.2    Leng, R.A.3
  • 65
    • 84992236408 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of lactobacillus fermentation cultures in calf feeding system
    • Higginbotham, G. E. and D. L. Bath. 1993. Evaluation of lactobacillus fermentation cultures in calf feeding system. J. Dairy Sci. 76:615-620.
    • (1993) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.76 , pp. 615-620
    • Higginbotham, G.E.1    Bath, D.L.2
  • 66
    • 0035257061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fermentation characteristics and rumen ciliate protozoal populations in cattle fed medium or high barley based diet
    • Hristova, A. N., M. Ivan, L. M. Rode and T A. McAllister. 2001. Fermentation characteristics and rumen ciliate protozoal populations in cattle fed medium or high barley based diet. J. Anim. Sci. 79:515-524.
    • (2001) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.79 , pp. 515-524
    • Hristova, A.N.1    Ivan, M.2    Rode, L.M.3    McAllister, T.A.4
  • 68
    • 0037682895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic taxonomy of rumen ciliate protozoa based on their morphology and distribution
    • Imai, S. 1998. Phylogenetic taxonomy of rumen ciliate protozoa based on their morphology and distribution. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 13:17-36.
    • (1998) J. Appl. Anim. Res. , vol.13 , pp. 17-36
    • Imai, S.1
  • 69
    • 0038697160 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ciliate protozoa on the concentration of rumen and duodenal volatile fatty acid and plasma glucose and insulin after feeding
    • Itabashi, H., T. Kobayashi, R. Morii and S. Okamoto. 1982. Effect of ciliate protozoa on the concentration of rumen and duodenal volatile fatty acid and plasma glucose and insulin after feeding. Bull. Nat. Inst. Anim. Ind. (Japan), 39:21-32.
    • (1982) Bull. Nat. Inst. Anim. Ind. (Japan) , vol.39 , pp. 21-32
    • Itabashi, H.1    Kobayashi, T.2    Morii, R.3    Okamoto, S.4
  • 70
    • 0010295768 scopus 로고
    • The effects of rumen ciliate protozoa on energy metabolism and some constituents in rumen fluid and blood plasma of goats
    • Itabashi, H., T Koyabashi and Matsumoto, M. 1984. The effects of rumen ciliate protozoa on energy metabolism and some constituents in rumen fluid and blood plasma of goats. Jap. J. Zootech. Sci. 55:248-255.
    • (1984) Jap. J. Zootech. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 248-255
    • Itabashi, H.1    Koyabashi, T.2    Matsumoto, M.3
  • 71
    • 0026933014 scopus 로고
    • Effect of bentonite on wool growth and nitrogen metabolism in fauna free and faunated sheep
    • Ivan, M., D. des. Dayrell, S. Mahadevan and M. Hiderolou. 1992. Effect of bentonite on wool growth and nitrogen metabolism in fauna free and faunated sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 70:3192-3202.
    • (1992) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 3192-3202
    • Ivan, M.1    Des Dayrell, D.2    Mahadevan, S.3    Hiderolou, M.4
  • 72
    • 0004236679 scopus 로고
    • Ecology of plants in the tropics
    • (Ed. E. Arnold). No. 58, Uk
    • Jansen, D. H. 1975. Ecology of plants in the tropics. In: Studies in Biology (Ed. E. Arnold). No. 58, Uk, pp. 66.
    • (1975) Studies in Biology , pp. 66
    • Jansen, D.H.1
  • 73
    • 0026180396 scopus 로고
    • Performance of faecal flora of calves fed Lactobacillus subtilis concentrate
    • Jenney, B. F., H. J. Vandijk and J. A. Collins. 1991. Performance of faecal flora of calves fed Lactobacillus subtilis concentrate. J. Dairy Sci. 74:1968-1973.
    • (1991) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.74 , pp. 1968-1973
    • Jenney, B.F.1    Vandijk, H.J.2    Collins, J.A.3
  • 74
    • 0005302465 scopus 로고
    • Effect of yeast cells and lactobacilli on rumen fermentation in sheep
    • Jonecova, Z., R. Nemcova and V. Kmet. 1992. Effect of yeast cells and lactobacilli on rumen fermentation in sheep. Zivocsna Vypeoba. 37:771-776.
    • (1992) Zivocsna Vypeoba. , vol.37 , pp. 771-776
    • Jonecova, Z.1    Nemcova, R.2    Kmet, V.3
  • 75
    • 84971020176 scopus 로고
    • Comparative toxicity responses of goat fed on Leucaena leucocephala in Australian and Hawaii (USA)
    • Jones, R. J. and R. G. Megarrity. 1983. Comparative toxicity responses of goat fed on Leucaena leucocephala in Australian and Hawaii (USA). Aust. J. Agric. Res. 34:781-790.
    • (1983) Aust. J. Agric. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 781-790
    • Jones, R.J.1    Megarrity, R.G.2
  • 76
    • 0022768769 scopus 로고
    • Sucessful transfer of dihydroxypyridine-degading bacteria from Hawaiian (USA) goats to Australain ruminants to overcome the toxicity of leucaena
    • Jones, R. J. and R. G. Megarrity. 1986. Sucessful transfer of dihydroxypyridine-degading bacteria from Hawaiian (USA) goats to Australain ruminants to overcome the toxicity of leucaena. Aust. Vet. J. 63:259-262.
    • (1986) Aust. Vet. J. , vol.63 , pp. 259-262
    • Jones, R.J.1    Megarrity, R.G.2
  • 78
    • 0019734721 scopus 로고
    • Role of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium spp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of mixed diet in sheep
    • Jouany, J. P., B. Zainab, J. Senaud, C. A. Groliere, J. Grain and P. Thivend. 1981. Role of the rumen ciliate protozoa Polyplastron multivesiculatum, Entodinium spp. and Isotricha prostoma in the digestion of mixed diet in sheep. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 21:871-884.
    • (1981) Reprod. Nutr. Dev. , vol.21 , pp. 871-884
    • Jouany, J.P.1    Zainab, B.2    Senaud, J.3    Groliere, C.A.4    Grain, J.5    Thivend, P.6
  • 80
    • 0347403721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulation of rumen ecosystem to support high performance beef cattle
    • Jouany, J. P., B. Michalet-Dorea and M. Doreau. 2000. Manipulation of rumen ecosystem to support high performance beef cattle. Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 13:96-114.
    • (2000) Asian-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 96-114
    • Jouany, J.P.1    Michalet-Dorea, B.2    Doreau, M.3
  • 81
    • 0038020769 scopus 로고
    • Role of ciliate protozoa on digestion in ruminants
    • Kamra, D. N., N. N. Pathak and R. Singh. 1987. Role of ciliate protozoa on digestion in ruminants. Livestock Adviser. 12:9-12.
    • (1987) Livestock Adviser , vol.12 , pp. 9-12
    • Kamra, D.N.1    Pathak, N.N.2    Singh, R.3
  • 82
    • 0038697139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of feeding probiotic (Lactic acid producing bacteria) on the growth of coliform bacteria in the grastointestinal tract of crossbred calves
    • Chennai, India
    • Kamra, D. N., N. Agarwal, L. C. Chaudhary, A. Sahoo and N. N. Pathak. 1997. Effect of feeding probiotic (Lactic acid producing bacteria) on the growth of coliform bacteria in the grastointestinal tract of crossbred calves. In: Proceeding of VIII Animal Nutrition Research Worker's Conference, Chennai, India, pp. 130-131.
    • (1997) Proceeding of VIII Animal Nutrition Research Worker's Conference , pp. 130-131
    • Kamra, D.N.1    Agarwal, N.2    Chaudhary, L.C.3    Sahoo, A.4    Pathak, N.N.5
  • 83
    • 0001032106 scopus 로고
    • Effect of defaunation on straw digestion in sacco and on particle retention in the rumen
    • Kayouli, C., D. I. Demeyer and R. Dendooven. 1983/84. Effect of defaunation on straw digestion in sacco and on particle retention in the rumen. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 10:165-172.
    • (1983) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.10 , pp. 165-172
    • Kayouli, C.1    Demeyer, D.I.2    Dendooven, R.3
  • 84
    • 0038020773 scopus 로고
    • Effect de la defaunation du rumen sur la de-gradibilite des proteins de saja mesure in sacco
    • Clermont-Ferrand, France. Vol. II. Lee Colloques de I'INRA16, INRA edn.
    • Kayouli, C., C. J. Van Nevel and D. I. Demeyer. 1983. Effect de la defaunation du rumen sur la de-gradibilite des proteins de saja mesure in sacco. In: IVth Interantional Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Vol. II. Lee Colloques de I'INRA16, INRA edn., pp. 251-254.
    • (1983) IVth Interantional Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition , vol.2 , pp. 251-254
    • Kayouli, C.1    Van Nevel, C.J.2    Demeyer, D.I.3
  • 85
    • 0038697148 scopus 로고
    • Effect of added yeast culture with or without Aspergillus oryzae in rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility when fed to non lactating Holstein cows
    • Abstr.
    • Kim, D. Y., B. A. Kent., M. R. Figueroa, D. P. Dawson, C. E. Battalas, M. J. Aramel and J. L. Walters. 1992. Effect of added yeast culture with or without Aspergillus oryzae in rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility when fed to non lactating Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 75 (Supp. 1) 206 (Abstr.).
    • (1992) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.75 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 206
    • Kim, D.Y.1    Kent, B.A.2    Figueroa, M.R.3    Dawson, D.P.4    Battalas, C.E.5    Aramel, M.J.6    Walters, J.L.7
  • 87
    • 0037682902 scopus 로고
    • Methods and application of defaunation in the growing ruminant
    • Kreuzer, H. 1986. Methods and application of defaunation in the growing ruminant. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 33:723-745.
    • (1986) J. Vet. Med. Sci. , vol.33 , pp. 723-745
    • Kreuzer, H.1
  • 88
    • 84971905564 scopus 로고
    • Effect of Saccharomyces cervisiae yeast culture supplement on ruminal metabolism in buffalo calves given a high concentrate diet
    • Kumar, U., V. K. Sareen and S. Singh. 1994. Effect of Saccharomyces cervisiae yeast culture supplement on ruminal metabolism in buffalo calves given a high concentrate diet. Anim. Prod. 59:209-215.
    • (1994) Anim. Prod. , vol.59 , pp. 209-215
    • Kumar, U.1    Sareen, V.K.2    Singh, S.3
  • 89
    • 84974489827 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between bacteria and ciliate protozoa in the rumen of sheep fed purified diet
    • Kurihara, Y., T. Takechi and F. Shibata. 1978. Relationship between bacteria and ciliate protozoa in the rumen of sheep fed purified diet. J. Agric. Sci. 90:373-381.
    • (1978) J. Agric. Sci. , vol.90 , pp. 373-381
    • Kurihara, Y.1    Takechi, T.2    Shibata, F.3
  • 90
    • 0034731280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of an anaerobic fungal culture administration on in ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion
    • Lee, S. S., J. K. Ha and K. J. Cheng. 2000. Influence of an anaerobic fungal culture administration on in ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestion. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 88:201-217.
    • (2000) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.88 , pp. 201-217
    • Lee, S.S.1    Ha, J.K.2    Cheng, K.J.3
  • 91
    • 0020189447 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of protozoa in the rumen of sheep
    • Leng, R. A. 1982. Dynamics of protozoa in the rumen of sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 48:399-415.
    • (1982) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.48 , pp. 399-415
    • Leng, R.A.1
  • 92
    • 84971085530 scopus 로고
    • Digestion of two legumes and rumen bacterial growth in defaunated sheep
    • Lindsay, J. R. and J. P. Hogan. 1972. Digestion of two legumes and rumen bacterial growth in defaunated sheep. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 23:321-330.
    • (1972) Aust. J. Agric. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 321-330
    • Lindsay, J.R.1    Hogan, J.P.2
  • 93
    • 0000388386 scopus 로고
    • Some factors which influence thermal energy loss during the metabolism of ruminants
    • MacRae, J. C. and G. E. Lobley. 1982. Some factors which influence thermal energy loss during the metabolism of ruminants. Livest. Prod. Sci. 9:477-479.
    • (1982) Livest. Prod. Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 477-479
    • MacRae, J.C.1    Lobley, G.E.2
  • 94
    • 0025452518 scopus 로고
    • Effects of whole cottonseed and live yeast culture on ruminal fermentation and fluid passage rate in steers
    • Malcolm, K. J. and H. E. Kiesling. 1990. Effects of whole cottonseed and live yeast culture on ruminal fermentation and fluid passage rate in steers. J. Anim. Sci. 68:1965-1970.
    • (1990) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 1965-1970
    • Malcolm, K.J.1    Kiesling, H.E.2
  • 95
    • 0026875870 scopus 로고
    • Effect of direct fed microbials on rumen microbial fermentation
    • Martin, S. A. and D. J. Nisbet. 1992. Effect of direct fed microbials on rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 75:1736-1744.
    • (1992) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.75 , pp. 1736-1744
    • Martin, S.A.1    Nisbet, D.J.2
  • 96
    • 0030015441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of Saccharomyces cervisiae and Aspergillus oryzae on fermentation in the rumen of faunated and defaunated sheep: Protozoal and probiotic interaction
    • Mathieu, F., J. P. Jouany, J. Senaud, J. Bohatier, G. Bertin and M. Mercier. 1996. The effect of Saccharomyces cervisiae and Aspergillus oryzae on fermentation in the rumen of faunated and defaunated sheep: protozoal and probiotic interaction. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 36:271-287.
    • (1996) Reprod. Nutr. Dev. , vol.36 , pp. 271-287
    • Mathieu, F.1    Jouany, J.P.2    Senaud, J.3    Bohatier, J.4    Bertin, G.5    Mercier, M.6
  • 97
    • 0015058299 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen metabolism in sheep
    • Mathison, G. W. and L. P. Milligan. 1971. Nitrogen metabolism in sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 25:351-366.
    • (1971) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.25 , pp. 351-366
    • Mathison, G.W.1    Milligan, L.P.2
  • 99
    • 0032997082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of rumen biotechnology to improve the nutritive value of fibrous feed stuffs: Pre and post ingestion
    • McSweeney, C. S., B. P. Dalrymple, K. S. Gobius, P. M Kennedy, D. O. Krause, R. I. Mackie and G. P. Xue. 1999. The application of rumen biotechnology to improve the nutritive value of fibrous feed stuffs: pre and post ingestion. Livest. Prod. Sci. 59:265-283.
    • (1999) Livest. Prod. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 265-283
    • McSweeney, C.S.1    Dalrymple, B.P.2    Gobius, K.S.3    Kennedy, P.M.4    Krause, D.O.5    Mackie, R.I.6    Xue, G.P.7
  • 100
    • 0027619280 scopus 로고
    • Influence of ruminal protozoa on site and extent of starch digestion and ruminal fermentation
    • Mendoza, M. G. D., R. A. Britton and R. A. Stock. 1993. Influence of ruminal protozoa on site and extent of starch digestion and ruminal fermentation. J. Anim. Sci. 71:1572-1578.
    • (1993) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.71 , pp. 1572-1578
    • Mendoza, M.G.D.1    Britton, R.A.2    Stock, R.A.3
  • 101
    • 0242587776 scopus 로고
    • Direct fed microbials in animal production
    • Natl. Feed Ingred. Assoc., West Des Moines, IA
    • Miles, R. D. and S. M. Bootwalla. 1991. Direct fed microbials in animal production. In: Direct Fed Microbials in Animal Production. Natl. Feed Ingred. Assoc., West Des Moines, IA.
    • (1991) Direct Fed Microbials in Animal Production
    • Miles, R.D.1    Bootwalla, S.M.2
  • 102
    • 0002047339 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional differences between tropical and temperate pasture
    • (Ed. F. H. W. Marely). Elsevier, Amesterdam
    • Minson, D. J. 1980. Nutritional differences between tropical and temperate pasture. In: Grazing Animals (Ed. F. H. W. Marely). Elsevier, Amesterdam, pp. 143-157.
    • (1980) Grazing Animals , pp. 143-157
    • Minson, D.J.1
  • 103
    • 0037682908 scopus 로고
    • The influence of the basal diet on the effects of yeast culture on ruminal fermentation and digestibility in steers
    • Moloney, A. P. and M. J. Drennan. 1994. The influence of the basal diet on the effects of yeast culture on ruminal fermentation and digestibility in steers. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 50:55-73.
    • (1994) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.50 , pp. 55-73
    • Moloney, A.P.1    Drennan, M.J.2
  • 104
    • 0003137581 scopus 로고
    • The effect of dietary inclusion of yeast culture (Yea-Sac) on pattern of rumen fermentation, food intake and growth of intensively fed bulls
    • Mutsvangwa, T., I. E. Edwards, J. H. Topps and G. F. M. Paterson. 1992. The effect of dietary inclusion of yeast culture (Yea-Sac) on pattern of rumen fermentation, food intake and growth of intensively fed bulls. Anim. Prod. 55:35-40.
    • (1992) Anim. Prod. , vol.55 , pp. 35-40
    • Mutsvangwa, T.1    Edwards, I.E.2    Topps, J.H.3    Paterson, G.F.M.4
  • 105
    • 0026721241 scopus 로고
    • Moderation of ruminal fermentation by ciliate protozoa in cattle fed a high grain diet
    • Nagaraja, T. G., G. Towne and A. A. Beharka. 1992. Moderation of ruminal fermentation by ciliate protozoa in cattle fed a high grain diet. Appl. Env. Microbiol. 58:2410-2414.
    • (1992) Appl. Env. Microbiol. , vol.58 , pp. 2410-2414
    • Nagaraja, T.G.1    Towne, G.2    Beharka, A.A.3
  • 107
    • 0002092788 scopus 로고
    • The effect of yeast culture on yeast numbers and fermentation in the rumen ecosystem
    • Newbold, C. J., P. E. V. Williams, A. Walker and R. J. Wallace. 1990. The effect of yeast culture on yeast numbers and fermentation in the rumen ecosystem. Proc. Nutr. Soc. UK, 49:47A.
    • (1990) Proc. Nutr. Soc. UK , vol.49
    • Newbold, C.J.1    Williams, P.E.V.2    Walker, A.3    Wallace, R.J.4
  • 108
    • 0038020755 scopus 로고
    • The stimulation of rumen bacteria by Saccharomyces cervisiae is dependent on the respiratory activity of the years
    • Abstr.
    • Newbold, C. J., R. J. Wallace and F. M. McIntosh. 1993. The stimulation of rumen bacteria by Saccharomyces cervisiae is dependent on the respiratory activity of the years. J. Anim. Sci. 71 (Supp. 1) 280 (Abstr.).
    • (1993) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.71 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 280
    • Newbold, C.J.1    Wallace, R.J.2    McIntosh, F.M.3
  • 109
    • 0029814016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mode of action of the yeast, Saccharomyces cervisiae as a feed additives for ruminants
    • Newbold, C. J., R. J. Wallace and F. M. McIntosh. 1996. Mode of action of the yeast, Saccharomyces cervisiae as a feed additives for ruminants. Br. J. Nutr. 76:249-261.
    • (1996) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.76 , pp. 249-261
    • Newbold, C.J.1    Wallace, R.J.2    McIntosh, F.M.3
  • 110
    • 0032378640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the microbial population of a rumen simulating fermenter in response to yeast culture
    • Newbold, C. J., F. M. McIntosh and R. J. Wallace. 1998. Changes in the microbial population of a rumen simulating fermenter in response to yeast culture. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 78:241-244.
    • (1998) Can. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.78 , pp. 241-244
    • Newbold, C.J.1    McIntosh, F.M.2    Wallace, R.J.3
  • 112
    • 0035586770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practical application of defaunation of cattle on farms in Vietnam: Response of young cattle fed rice straw and grass to a single drench of ground nut oil
    • Nhan, N. T. H., N. V. Hon, M. T. Ngu, N. T. Von, T. R. Preston and R. A. Leng. 2001. Practical application of defaunation of cattle on farms in Vietnam: Response of young cattle fed rice straw and grass to a single drench of ground nut oil. Aisan-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. 14:485-490.
    • (2001) Aisan-Aus. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.14 , pp. 485-490
    • Nhan, N.T.H.1    Hon, N.V.2    Ngu, M.T.3    Von, N.T.4    Preston, T.R.5    Leng, R.A.6
  • 113
    • 0010219248 scopus 로고
    • Effect of Yea-sacc1026 on lactate utilization by the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium
    • (Ed. T. P. Lyons). Alltech Technical Publications, Nicholasville, Kentucky
    • Nisbet, D. J. and S. A. Martin. 1990. Effect of Yea-sacc1026 on lactate utilization by the ruminal bacterium Selenomonas ruminantium. In: Biotechnology in feed industry (Ed. T. P. Lyons). Alltech Technical Publications, Nicholasville, Kentucky, pp. 563-567.
    • (1990) Biotechnology in Feed Industry , pp. 563-567
    • Nisbet, D.J.1    Martin, S.A.2
  • 114
    • 85025753989 scopus 로고
    • Effect of graded amounts of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal characteristics and nutrient digestibility in cattle
    • Oellermann, S. O., M. J. Arambel, B. A. Kent and J. L. Walters. 1990. Effect of graded amounts of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal characteristics and nutrient digestibility in cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 73:2412-2416.
    • (1990) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.73 , pp. 2412-2416
    • Oellermann, S.O.1    Arambel, M.J.2    Kent, B.A.3    Walters, J.L.4
  • 115
    • 0017696767 scopus 로고
    • Ureolytic activity of the washed suspension of rumen ciliate protozoa
    • Onodera, R., Y. Nakagawa and M. Kandatsu. 1977. Ureolytic activity of the washed suspension of rumen ciliate protozoa. Agric. Biol. Chem. 41:2177-2182.
    • (1977) Agric. Biol. Chem. , vol.41 , pp. 2177-2182
    • Onodera, R.1    Nakagawa, Y.2    Kandatsu, M.3
  • 116
    • 0001117014 scopus 로고
    • Effect of inhabitation by ciliate protozoa on the digestion of fibrous materials in vivo in the rumen of goats and in vitro rumen microbial ecosystem
    • Onodera, R., N. Yamasaki and K. Murakami. 1988. Effect of inhabitation by ciliate protozoa on the digestion of fibrous materials in vivo in the rumen of goats and in vitro rumen microbial ecosystem. Agric. Biol. Chem. 52:2635-2637.
    • (1988) Agric. Biol. Chem. , vol.52 , pp. 2635-2637
    • Onodera, R.1    Yamasaki, N.2    Murakami, K.3
  • 117
    • 0007798739 scopus 로고
    • Effect of absence of ciliate protozoa on rumen fluid volume, flow rate and microbial population in sheep
    • Orpin, C. G. and Letcher, A. J. 1983/84. Effect of absence of ciliate protozoa on rumen fluid volume, flow rate and microbial population in sheep. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 10:145-153.
    • (1983) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.10 , pp. 145-153
    • Orpin, C.G.1    Letcher, A.J.2
  • 118
    • 84971972586 scopus 로고
    • Influence of rumen ciliate protozoa on conversion of food and growth rate in early weaned Zebu calves
    • Osman, H., A. R. Abou Akkada and K. A. Agabawi. 1970. Influence of rumen ciliate protozoa on conversion of food and growth rate in early weaned Zebu calves. Anim. Prod. 12:267-271.
    • (1970) Anim. Prod. , vol.12 , pp. 267-271
    • Osman, H.1    Abou Akkada, A.R.2    Agabawi, K.A.3
  • 119
    • 0005145541 scopus 로고
    • Protein metabolism of ruminant animals
    • (Ed. D. C. Chruch), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
    • Owens, N. F. and R. Zinn. 1988. Protein metabolism of ruminant animals. In: The Ruminant Animal Digestive Physiology and Nutrition (Ed. D. C. Chruch), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp. 227-249.
    • (1988) The Ruminant Animal Digestive Physiology and Nutrition , pp. 227-249
    • Owens, N.F.1    Zinn, R.2
  • 121
    • 0000964733 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary inclusion of Saccharomyces cervisiae on growth performance of crossbred calves
    • Panda, A. K., R. Singh and N. N. Pathak. 1995. Effect of dietary inclusion of Saccharomyces cervisiae on growth performance of crossbred calves. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 7:195-200.
    • (1995) J. Appl. Anim. Res. , vol.7 , pp. 195-200
    • Panda, A.K.1    Singh, R.2    Pathak, N.N.3
  • 122
    • 0038358951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient utilization and growth response in crossbred calves fed antibiotic and probiotic supplement diet
    • Pandey, Poonam. and I. S. Agarwal. 2001. Nutrient utilization and growth response in crossbred calves fed antibiotic and probiotic supplement diet. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 18:15-18.
    • (2001) Indian J. Anim. Nutr. , vol.18 , pp. 15-18
    • Pandey, P.1    Agarwal, I.S.2
  • 123
    • 0002772490 scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in other half of the antibiotics story
    • Parker, R. B. 1974. Probiotics in other half of the antibiotics story. Animal Nutrition and Health (December) :4-8.
    • (1974) Animal Nutrition and Health , Issue.DECEMBER , pp. 4-8
    • Parker, R.B.1
  • 124
    • 0000766019 scopus 로고
    • Effect of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cervisiae) on neutral detergent fibre digestion in steers fed oat straw based diets
    • Plata, F., G. D. Mendoza, J. R. Barcena-Gama and S. Gonzalez. 1994. Effect of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cervisiae) on neutral detergent fibre digestion in steers fed oat straw based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 49:203-210.
    • (1994) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.49 , pp. 203-210
    • Plata, F.1    Mendoza, G.D.2    Barcena-Gama, J.R.3    Gonzalez, S.4
  • 125
    • 0038020770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of feeding Saccharomyces cervisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus on nutrient utilization and performance of crossbred cattle calves
    • Prahalada, H. K., D. N. Kamra and N. N. Pathak. 2001. Effect of feeding Saccharomyces cervisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus on nutrient utilization and performance of crossbred cattle calves. International J. Anim. Sci. 16:103-107.
    • (2001) International J. Anim. Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 103-107
    • Prahalada, H.K.1    Kamra, D.N.2    Pathak, N.N.3
  • 126
    • 0038697155 scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate fermentation by the rumen cilia Isotricha prostoma
    • Prins, R. A. and W. Van Hoven. 1977. Carbohydrate fermentation by the rumen cilia Isotricha prostoma. Protistologica 13:549-556.
    • (1977) Protistologica , vol.13 , pp. 549-556
    • Prins, R.A.1    Van Hoven, W.2
  • 127
    • 0023260249 scopus 로고
    • The role of rumen protozoa in the utilization of paspalum hay by cattle
    • Punia, B. S., J. Leibholtz and G. J. Faichney. 1987. The role of rumen protozoa in the utilization of paspalum hay by cattle. Br. J. Nutr. 57:395-406.
    • (1987) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.57 , pp. 395-406
    • Punia, B.S.1    Leibholtz, J.2    Faichney, G.J.3
  • 128
    • 0031066197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of yeast culture in the diet of early lactation dairy cows on ruminal fermentation and passage of nitrogen fraction and amino acid to small intestine
    • Putnam, D. E., C. G. Schwab, M. T. Socha, N. L. Whitehouse, N. A. Kierstead and B. D. Garthwaite. 1997. Effect of yeast culture in the diet of early lactation dairy cows on ruminal fermentation and passage of nitrogen fraction and amino acid to small intestine. J. Dairy Sci. 80:374-384.
    • (1997) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.80 , pp. 374-384
    • Putnam, D.E.1    Schwab, C.G.2    Socha, M.T.3    Whitehouse, N.L.4    Kierstead, N.A.5    Garthwaite, B.D.6
  • 129
    • 0037682911 scopus 로고
    • Effect of yeast culture on intake and production of dairy cows fed high wheat ration
    • Abstr.
    • Quionez, J. A., L. J. Bush, T. Nalsen and G. D. Adam. 1988. Effect of yeast culture on intake and production of dairy cows fed high wheat ration. J. Dairy Sci. 71 (Supp. 1) 275 (Abstr.).
    • (1988) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.71 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 275
    • Quionez, J.A.1    Bush, L.J.2    Nalsen, T.3    Adam, G.D.4
  • 130
    • 0000696566 scopus 로고
    • Note on the growth rate and body composition of faunated and defaunated lambs
    • Ramprasad, J. and G. V. Raghavan. 1981. Note on the growth rate and body composition of faunated and defaunated lambs. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 51:570-572.
    • (1981) Indian J. Anim. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 570-572
    • Ramprasad, J.1    Raghavan, G.V.2
  • 131
    • 0022089505 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative effect of defaunation on rumen fermentation and digestion in sheep
    • Rowe, J. B., A. Davies and A. W. J. Broome. 1985. Quantitative effect of defaunation on rumen fermentation and digestion in sheep. Br. J. Nutr. 54:105-119.
    • (1985) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.54 , pp. 105-119
    • Rowe, J.B.1    Davies, A.2    Broome, A.W.J.3
  • 132
    • 0009746323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial manipulation of rumen fermentation using Saccharomyces cervisiae as probiotics
    • Saha, S. K., S. Senani, M. K. Padhi, B. R. Shome, Rajeswari. Shome and S. P. S. Ahlawal. 1999. Microbial manipulation of rumen fermentation using Saccharomyces cervisiae as probiotics. Current Sciences. 77:696-697.
    • (1999) Current Sciences , vol.77 , pp. 696-697
    • Saha, S.K.1    Senani, S.2    Padhi, M.K.3    Shome, B.R.4    Shome, R.5    Ahlawal, S.P.S.6
  • 133
    • 0000924432 scopus 로고
    • Effect of defaunation on nutrient digestibilty and growth of Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves
    • Santra, A., Kamra, D. N. and Pathak, N. N. 1994a. Effect of defaunation on nutrient digestibilty and growth of Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. International J. Anim. Sci. 9:185-187.
    • (1994) International J. Anim. Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 185-187
    • Santra, A.1    Kamra, D.N.2    Pathak, N.N.3
  • 134
    • 0001483463 scopus 로고
    • Effect of protozoa on the loss of energy in murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves
    • Santra, A., D. N. Kamra, N. N. Pathak and M. Y. Khan. 1994b. Effect of protozoa on the loss of energy in murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Buffalo J. 3:249-253.
    • (1994) Buffalo J. , vol.3 , pp. 249-253
    • Santra, A.1    Kamra, D.N.2    Pathak, N.N.3    Khan, M.Y.4
  • 135
    • 0002073392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of ciliate protozoa on biochemical changes and hydrolytic enzymes in the rumen of Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
    • Santra, A., D. N. Kamra and N. N. Pathak. 1996. Influence of ciliate protozoa on biochemical changes and hydrolytic enzymes in the rumen of Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Buffalo J. 1:95-100.
    • (1996) Buffalo J. , vol.1 , pp. 95-100
    • Santra, A.1    Kamra, D.N.2    Pathak, N.N.3
  • 136
    • 0001561894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of defaunation on animal productivity
    • Santra. A. and R. C. Jakhmola. 1998. Effect of defaunation on animal productivity. J. Appl. Anim. Res. 14:103-116.
    • (1998) J. Appl. Anim. Res. , vol.14 , pp. 103-116
    • Santra, A.1    Jakhmola, R.C.2
  • 137
    • 0038697153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of sodium laurel sulfate as defaunating agent in sheep and goats
    • Santra, A. and S. A. Karim. 1999. Efficacy of sodium laurel sulfate as defaunating agent in sheep and goats. International J. Anim. Sci. 14:167-171.
    • (1999) International J. Anim. Sci. , vol.14 , pp. 167-171
    • Santra, A.1    Karim, S.A.2
  • 138
    • 0034734265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth performance of faunated and defaunated Malpura weaner lambs
    • Santra, A. and S. A. Karim. 2000. Growth performance of faunated and defaunated Malpura weaner lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 86:251-260.
    • (2000) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.86 , pp. 251-260
    • Santra, A.1    Karim, S.A.2
  • 139
    • 0036225033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of ciliate protozoa on biochemical changes and hydrolytic enzyme profile in the rumen ecosystem
    • Santra., A and S. A. Karim. 2002a. Influence of ciliate protozoa on biochemical changes and hydrolytic enzyme profile in the rumen ecosystem. J. Appl. Microbiol. 92:801-811.
    • (2002) J. Appl. Microbiol. , vol.92 , pp. 801-811
    • Santra, A.1    Karim, S.A.2
  • 140
    • 0037174709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrient utilization and growth performance of defaunated and faunated lambs maintained on complete diets containing varying proportion of roughage and concentrate
    • In press
    • Santra., A and S. A. Karim. 2002b. Nutrient utilization and growth performance of defaunated and faunated lambs maintained on complete diets containing varying proportion of roughage and concentrate. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. (In press).
    • (2002) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol.
    • Santra, A.1    Karim, S.A.2
  • 141
    • 0038697158 scopus 로고
    • Performance and faecal flora of calves fed a nonviable Lactobacillus bulgaricus fermentation product
    • Schwab, C. G., J. J. Moore, P. M. Hoyt and J. H. Prentice. 1980. Performance and faecal flora of calves fed a nonviable Lactobacillus bulgaricus fermentation product. J. Dairy Sci. 63:1412-1423.
    • (1980) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 1412-1423
    • Schwab, C.G.1    Moore, J.J.2    Hoyt, P.M.3    Prentice, J.H.4
  • 142
    • 0034379102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of defaunation on carcass and meat characteristics of finisher lambs
    • Sen. A. R., S. A. Karim and A. Santra. 2000. Effect of defaunation on carcass and meat characteristics of finisher lambs. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 70:659-661.
    • (2000) Indian J. Anim. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 659-661
    • Sen, A.R.1    Karim, S.A.2    Santra, A.3
  • 144
    • 0032369810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dietary supplementation with yeast cell suspension (Saccharomyces cervisiae) on nutrient utilization and growth response in crossbred calves
    • Singh, R., L. C. Chaudhary, D. N. Kamra and N. N. Pathak. 1998. Effect of dietary supplementation with yeast cell suspension (Saccharomyces cervisiae) on nutrient utilization and growth response in crossbred calves. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 11:268-271.
    • (1998) Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. , vol.11 , pp. 268-271
    • Singh, R.1    Chaudhary, L.C.2    Kamra, D.N.3    Pathak, N.N.4
  • 145
    • 0037682913 scopus 로고
    • The influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus on differently developed ruminant stomach of bovine and buffalo calves
    • Skrivonova, V. and L. Machanova. 1990. The influence of Lactobacillus acidophilus on differently developed ruminant stomach of bovine and buffalo calves. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 41:922-924.
    • (1990) Indian J. Anim. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 922-924
    • Skrivonova, V.1    Machanova, L.2
  • 146
    • 38249011026 scopus 로고
    • Effect of defaunation and hay:concentrate ratio on fermentation, fibre digestion and passage in the rumen of sheep
    • Smet, De. S., D. I. Demeyer and C. J. Van Nevel. 1992. Effect of defaunation and hay:concentrate ratio on fermentation, fibre digestion and passage in the rumen of sheep. Anim Feed Sci. Technol. 37:333-344.
    • (1992) Anim Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.37 , pp. 333-344
    • Smet, De.S.1    Demeyer, D.I.2    Van Nevel, C.J.3
  • 147
    • 0020793225 scopus 로고
    • Prospects for the development and use of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques with ruminal bacteria
    • Smith, C.J. and R. B. Hespell. 1983. Prospects for the development and use of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques with ruminal bacteria. J. Dairy Sci. 66:1536-1546.
    • (1983) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 1536-1546
    • Smith, C.J.1    Hespell, R.B.2
  • 149
    • 0022374756 scopus 로고
    • Effect of protozoa on rumen protein degradation in sheep
    • Ushida, K. and J. P. Jouany. 1985. Effect of protozoa on rumen protein degradation in sheep. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 25:1075-1081.
    • (1985) Reprod. Nutr. Dev. , vol.25 , pp. 1075-1081
    • Ushida, K.1    Jouany, J.P.2
  • 150
    • 38249019324 scopus 로고
    • Effect of defaunation on fibre digestion in sheep given two isonitrogenous diets
    • Ushida, K. and J. P. Jouany. 1990. Effect of defaunation on fibre digestion in sheep given two isonitrogenous diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 29:153-158.
    • (1990) Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. , vol.29 , pp. 153-158
    • Ushida, K.1    Jouany, J.P.2
  • 151
    • 0022553627 scopus 로고
    • Role of rumen protozoa on nitrogen digestion in Sheep given two isonitrogenous diets
    • Ushida, K., J. P. Jouany and P. Thivend. 1986a. Role of rumen protozoa on nitrogen digestion in Sheep given two isonitrogenous diets. Br. J. Nutr. 56:407-419.
    • (1986) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.56 , pp. 407-419
    • Ushida, K.1    Jouany, J.P.2    Thivend, P.3
  • 152
    • 0008746005 scopus 로고
    • Effect of defaunation on ruminal gas and VFA production in vitro
    • Ushida, K., A. Miyazaki and R. Kawashima. 1986b. Effect of defaunation on ruminal gas and VFA production in vitro. Jap. J. Zootech Sci. 57:71-77.
    • (1986) Jap. J. Zootech Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 71-77
    • Ushida, K.1    Miyazaki, A.2    Kawashima, R.3
  • 153
    • 0001335074 scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate fermentation by the rumen ciliate Dasytricha ruminantium
    • Van Hoven, W. and R. A. Prins. 1977. Carbohydrate fermentation by the rumen ciliate Dasytricha ruminantium. Protistologiaca. 13:599-606.
    • (1977) Protistologiaca , vol.13 , pp. 599-606
    • Van Hoven, W.1    Prins, R.A.2
  • 154
    • 0020759161 scopus 로고
    • Rumen ciliate protozoa: Effects on digestion in the stomach of sheep
    • Veira, D. M., M. Ivan and P. Y. Jui. 1983. Rumen ciliate protozoa: effects on digestion in the stomach of sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 66:1015-1022.
    • (1983) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 1015-1022
    • Veira, D.M.1    Ivan, M.2    Jui, P.Y.3
  • 156
    • 0028545586 scopus 로고
    • Rumen microbiology, biotechnology and ruminant nutrition: Prospects and problems
    • Wallace, R. J. 1994. Rumen microbiology, biotechnology and ruminant nutrition: prospects and problems. J. Anim. Sci. 72:2992-3003.
    • (1994) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.72 , pp. 2992-3003
    • Wallace, R.J.1
  • 157
    • 0002050988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mode of action of yeast culture in modifying rumen fermentation
    • (Ed. T. P. Lyons). Alltech Technical Publications, Nicholasville, Kentucky
    • Wallace, R. J. 1996. The mode of action of yeast culture in modifying rumen fermentation. In: Biotechnology in the Feed Industry (Ed. T. P. Lyons). Alltech Technical Publications, Nicholasville, Kentucky, pp. 217-231.
    • (1996) Biotechnology in the Feed Industry , pp. 217-231
    • Wallace, R.J.1
  • 158
    • 0002450567 scopus 로고
    • Probiotics for Ruminants
    • (Ed. R. Fuller). Chapman and Hall, London
    • Wallace, R. J. and C. J. Newbold. 1992. Probiotics for Ruminants. In: Probiotics:The Scientific Basis (Ed. R. Fuller). Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 317.
    • (1992) Probiotics: The Scientific Basis , pp. 317
    • Wallace, R.J.1    Newbold, C.J.2
  • 159
    • 0000635642 scopus 로고
    • Rumen fermentation and its manipulation: The development of yeast culture as feed additives
    • (Ed. R. Fuller). Chapman and Hall, London
    • Wallace, R. J. and C. J. Newbold. 1993. Rumen fermentation and its manipulation: The development of yeast culture as feed additives. In: Biotechnology in the Feed industry (Ed. R. Fuller). Chapman and Hall, London. pp. 173.
    • (1993) Biotechnology in the Feed Industry , pp. 173
    • Wallace, R.J.1    Newbold, C.J.2
  • 160
    • 0019407739 scopus 로고
    • Effect of monensin on the fermentation of basal ration in rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)
    • Wallace, R. J., J. W. Czerkawski and G. Breckenridge. 1981. Effect of monensin on the fermentation of basal ration in rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Br. J. Nutr. 46:131-148.
    • (1981) Br. J. Nutr. , vol.46 , pp. 131-148
    • Wallace, R.J.1    Czerkawski, J.W.2    Breckenridge, G.3
  • 161
    • 0038697159 scopus 로고
    • Role of yeast culture in rumen ecosystem and animal performance
    • Walli, T. K. 1994. Role of yeast culture in rumen ecosystem and animal performance. International J. Anim. Sci. 9:117-121.
    • (1994) International J. Anim. Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 117-121
    • Walli, T.K.1
  • 162
    • 0032239515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulating ruminal fermentation: A microbial ecological perspective
    • Weimer, Paul J. 1998. Manipulating ruminal fermentation: A microbial ecological perspective. J. Anim. Sci. 76:3114-3122.
    • (1998) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.76 , pp. 3114-3122
    • Weimer, P.J.1
  • 163
    • 0023432095 scopus 로고
    • Effect of yeast culture and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal characteristics and nutrient digestibility
    • Widmeier, R. D., M. J. Arambel and J. A. Walter. 1987. Effect of yeast culture and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal characteristics and nutrient digestibility. J. Dairy. Sci. 70:2063-2068.
    • (1987) J. Dairy. Sci. , vol.70 , pp. 2063-2068
    • Widmeier, R.D.1    Arambel, M.J.2    Walter, J.A.3
  • 164
    • 0002459971 scopus 로고
    • The rumen protozoa
    • (Ed. P. N. Hobson). London, Elsevier Applied Science
    • Williams, A. G. and G. S. Coleman. 1988. The rumen protozoa. In: The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem (Ed. P. N. Hobson). London, Elsevier Applied Science, pp. 77-128.
    • (1988) The Rumen Microbial Ecosystem , pp. 77-128
    • Williams, A.G.1    Coleman, G.S.2
  • 166
    • 0000639286 scopus 로고
    • Rumen probiosis: The effect of novel microorganisms on ruminal fermentation and ruminant productivity
    • (Ed. W. Haresign and D. J. A. Cole). Butterworths, London: England
    • Williams, P. E. V. and C. J. Newbold. 1990. Rumen probiosis: The effect of novel microorganisms on ruminal fermentation and ruminant productivity. In: Recent advances in Animal Nutrition (Ed. W. Haresign and D. J. A. Cole). Butterworths, London: England.
    • (1990) Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition
    • Williams, P.E.V.1    Newbold, C.J.2
  • 167
    • 0026198531 scopus 로고
    • Effects of inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cervisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentation patterns in the rumen of steers
    • Williams, P. E. V., C. A. G. Tair, G. M. Innes and J. M. Newbold. 1990. Effects of inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cervisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation and fermentation patterns in the rumen of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3016-3026.
    • (1990) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 3016-3026
    • Williams, P.E.V.1    Tair, C.A.G.2    Innes, G.M.3    Newbold, J.M.4
  • 168
    • 0026198531 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cervisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation patterns in the rumen of steers
    • Williams, P. E. V., C. A. G. Tait, G. M. Innes and C. J. Newbold. 1991. Effects of the inclusion of yeast culture (Saccharomyces cervisiae plus growth medium) in the diet of dairy cows on milk yield and forage degradation patterns in the rumen of steers. J. Anim. Sci. 69:3016-3026.
    • (1991) J. Anim. Sci. , vol.69 , pp. 3016-3026
    • Williams, P.E.V.1    Tait, C.A.G.2    Innes, G.M.3    Newbold, C.J.4
  • 169
    • 0025919065 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ciliate protozoa on the activity of poysaccharide-degrading enzymes and fibre breakdown in the rumen ecosystem
    • Williams, A. G. and E. Susan. Withers. 1991. Effect of ciliate protozoa on the activity of poysaccharide-degrading enzymes and fibre breakdown in the rumen ecosystem. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 70:144-145.
    • (1991) J. Appl. Bacteriol. , vol.70 , pp. 144-145
    • Williams, A.G.1    Withers, E.S.2
  • 170
    • 0021131395 scopus 로고
    • Rumen fungi and forage fibre degradation
    • Windham, W. R. and D. E. Akin. 1984. Rumen fungi and forage fibre degradation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48:473-476.
    • (1984) Appl. Environ. Microbiol. , vol.48 , pp. 473-476
    • Windham, W.R.1    Akin, D.E.2
  • 171
    • 0030100149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Saccharomyces cervisiae and Aspergillus oryzae culture on ruminal fermentation in dairy cows
    • Yoon, I. K. and M. D. Stem. 1996. Effect of Saccharomyces cervisiae and Aspergillus oryzae culture on ruminal fermentation in dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 79:411-417.
    • (1996) J. Dairy Sci. , vol.79 , pp. 411-417
    • Yoon, I.K.1    Stem, M.D.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.