Re-casting the politics of steel in Europe: The impact on trade unions

West European Politics

Volumn 19, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 770-786

  Bacon, Nicolas ^a   Blyton, Paul ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0038353875     PISSN: 01402382     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01402389608425164     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. F. Yachir The World Steel Industry Today (London: Zed Books 1988). Yves Meny and Vincent Wright (eds.) The Politics of Steel (Berlin and London: Walter de Gruyter 1987).
2. F. Yachir The World Steel Industry Today (London: Zed Books 1988). Yves Meny and Vincent Wright (eds.) The Politics of Steel (Berlin and London: Walter de Gruyter 1987).
3. Martin Rhodes and Vincent Wright, 'The European Steel Unions and the Steel Crisis, 1974-84: A Study in the Demise of Traditional Unionism', British Jnl of Political Science 18/2 (April 1988) pp.171-95.
4. F. Yachir The World Steel Industry Today (London: Zed Books 1988).
5. A.P. Dcosta, 'State, Steel and Strength - Structural Competitiveness and Development in South Korea', Jnl of Development Studies 31/1 (Oct. 1994) pp.44-81. L.T. Feng, 'China's Steel Industry - Its rapid expansion and influence on the international steel industry', Resources Policy 20/4 (1994) pp.219-34. R.R. Miller, The Changing Economics of Steel', Finance and Development (June 1991) pp.38-40.
6. A.P. Dcosta, 'State, Steel and Strength - Structural Competitiveness and Development in South Korea', Jnl of Development Studies 31/1 (Oct. 1994) pp.44-81. L.T. Feng, 'China's Steel Industry - Its rapid expansion and influence on the international steel industry', Resources Policy 20/4 (1994) pp.219-34. R.R. Miller, The Changing Economics of Steel', Finance and Development (June 1991) pp.38-40.
7. A.P. Dcosta, 'State, Steel and Strength - Structural Competitiveness and Development in South Korea', Jnl of Development Studies 31/1 (Oct. 1994) pp.44-81. L.T. Feng, 'China's Steel Industry - Its rapid expansion and influence on the international steel industry', Resources Policy 20/4 (1994) pp.219-34. R.R. Miller, The Changing Economics of Steel', Finance and Development (June 1991) pp.38-40.
8. ISTC Phoenix, 'ISTC Membership' (Dec. 1994) p.6.
9. P.A. Messerlin, 'The European Iron and Steel Industry and the World Crisis', in Meny and Wright (note 1) pp.111-36.
10. ISTC Today, 'British Steel makes 84% of UK crude steel' (June 1995) p.1.
11. Jonathan Aylen, 'Privatisation of the British Steel Corporation', Fiscal Studies 9/3(1988) pp.1-25.
12. Financial Times, 'EU Commission allows Mannesmann, Valourec and Ilva unit, Dalmine, to form DMV joint venture despite opposition of Competition Commissioner', 27 Jan. 1994, p.24b.
13. Ibid. 'Riva Finanziaria plans to acquire', 14 March 1995, p.28a.
14. Iron Age Steel News, 'LTV, British Steel and Sumitomoform minimill joint venture' 11/ 2 (Feb. 1995) p.8.
15. Financial Times, 'BS to spend £87m on two projects in USA and South Wales', 12 Jan. 1995, p.20d.
16. Ibid. 'Klockner-Werke moves out of steel', 17 March 1994.
17. Ibid. 'Largest steel producer to shed jobs', 14 Nov. 1991, p.2b.
18. Ibid. 'Report on EU agreement to cut steel capacity while approving state subsidies for German, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese producers', 20 Dec. 1993, p.26.
19. ISTC Phoenix, 'Bridging the Differences Between Countries: Fraternal Address to ISTC Annoual Conference by David Fowler' (Dec. 1994) p.24.
20. Heidrun Abromeit, British Steel: An Industry Between the State and the Private Sector, (Leamington Spa: Berg 1986).
21. Financial Times, 'Steeled for Global Action', 22 March 1995, p.17.
22. The Economist, 'France's New Prime Minister to Consult Trade Unions About Privatisation', 335/7916, 7 May 1995, pp.68.
23. Nicolas Bacon, Paul Blyton, and Jonathan Morris, 'Steel, State and Industrial Relations: Restructuring Work and Employment Relations in the Steel Industry', in Tom Clarke (ed.) International Privatisation: Strategies and Practices (London and Berlin: Walter De Gruyter 1994) pp.139-52.
24. D. Parker, and S. Martin, The Impact of UK Privatisation on Labour and Total Factor Productivity Working Paper in Commerce 93/14 (U. of Birmingham 1993).
25. Bacon, Blyton, and Morris, 'Steel, State and Industrial Relations', in Clarke (note 20) pp.139-52. Paul Blyton, 'Steel: A Classic Case of Industrial Relations Change in Britain', Jnl of Management Studies 29/5 (1992) pp.635-50. Ralph Fevre, 'Subcontracting in Steel', Work, Employment and Society 1/4 (Dec. 1987) pp.509-27.
26. Bacon, Blyton, and Morris, 'Steel, State and Industrial Relations', in Clarke (note 20) pp.139-52. Paul Blyton, 'Steel: A Classic Case of Industrial Relations Change in Britain', Jnl of Management Studies 29/5 (1992) pp.635-50. Ralph Fevre, 'Subcontracting in Steel', Work, Employment and Society 1/4 (Dec. 1987) pp.509-27.
27. Bacon, Blyton, and Morris, 'Steel, State and Industrial Relations', in Clarke (note 20) pp.139-52. Paul Blyton, 'Steel: A Classic Case of Industrial Relations Change in Britain', Jnl of Management Studies 29/5 (1992) pp.635-50. Ralph Fevre, 'Subcontracting in Steel', Work, Employment and Society 1/4 (Dec. 1987) pp.509-27.
28. Financial Times, 'IRI agrees to sell Ilva Laminati Piani flat steel producer to Riva Finanziaria', 2 March 1995, p.24a.
29. Ibid., 'Riva Finanziaria expected to acquire Ilva Laminati Piani steel producer from IRI', 14 March 1995, p.28a.
30. Ibid. 'Prospects for privatisation of Usinor Sacilor', 20 March 1995, p.25f.
31. IDS European Report, 'Steel Agreement in East', Issue 378 (June 1993) p.6.
32. Financial Times, Aid Lifeline for Ekostahl', 20 Dec. 1993, p.2g.
33. E. Abe, and Y. Suzuki, Changing Patterns of International Rivalry - Some Lessons From the Steel Industry (U. of Tokyo Press 1991).
34. H. Van Der Ven, and Thomas Grunert, 'The Politics of Transatlantic Steel Trade', in Meny and Wright (note 1) pp.137-85. J.P. Hoerr, And the Wolf Finally Came: The Decline of the American Steel Industry (U. of Pittsburgh Press 1988).
35. H. Van Der Ven, and Thomas Grunert, 'The Politics of Transatlantic Steel Trade', in Meny and Wright (note 1) pp.137-85. J.P. Hoerr, And the Wolf Finally Came: The Decline of the American Steel Industry (U. of Pittsburgh Press 1988).
36. R. Storey, 'Making Steel Under Free Trade', Relations Industrielles - Industrial Relations 48/4 (1993) pp.712-31.
37. ISTC Phoenix, 'Bridging the Differences Between Countries: Fraternal Address to ISTC Annual Conference by David Fowler' (Dec. 1994) p.24.
38. Financial Times, 'BS Chairman expounds on EU steel package', 12 Jan. 1994, p.27c.
39. Ibid. 'DTI Launches Steel Subsidies Committee', 17 Feb. 1995, p.10h.
40. The institutional setting of industrial policy-making and the general style of decision-making were similar to those in the 1980s. The European steel industry is a special case in that it is subject to the ECSC Treaty of Paris (1951). This gives the European Commission a stronger role than it enjoys vis-à-vis other industries subject to the Treaty of Rome. Article 95 of the Treaty of Paris allows the Commission to assent to state aids to achieve the objectives of the Treaty. This framework is well covered by Thomas Grunert, 'Decision-Making Processes in the Steel Crisis Policy of the EEC', in Meny and Wright (note 1) pp.222-307.
41. L. Tsoukalis, and R. Strauss, 'Community Policies on Steel 1974-'82', in ibid.
42. House of Commons, The UK Steel Industry, Trade and Industry Committee Report, House of Commons Paper HC84, HMSO (1994) p.26.
43. Financial Times, 'EU ministers expected to approve state aid for Eko Stahl', 8 Dec. 1994, p.2f.
44. The social and political consequences of closure proved too important for the Commission to ignore. Without this support the 50,000 workers of Eisenhuttenstadt (literally translated as Iron Works City) who were dependent upon the mill for their livelihood, faced a bleak future. Unemployment in the town was 15 per cent, a further 15 per cent were on government-supported schemes and 5,000 of its' young people had already fled to West Germany.
45. Financial Times, 'EU steel rescue plan possible', 7 June 1994, p.19c.
46. Ibid., 'EU resurrects steel rescue plan', 16 June 1994, p.22a.
47. J. Esser, and W. Fach, 'Crisis Management "Made in Germany": The Steel Industry', in Peter Katzenstein (ed.) Industry and Politics in West Germany (Ithaca, NY: Cornell UP 1989).
48. K. Thelen, 'Codetermination and Industrial Adjustment in the German Steel Industry: A Comparative Interpretation', California Management Review 24/3 (1987) pp.134-48.
49. A.L. Thimm, 'Codetermination and Industrial Policy: The Special Case of the German Steel Industry', ibid. (1987) pp.115-33.
50. Trevor Bain, 'German Codetermination and Employment Adjustments in the Steel and Auto Industries', Columbia Jnl of World Business 18/2 (1983) pp.40-7.
51. Financial Times, 'BS warns EU Commission's plan to restructure the steel industry could collapse if Kloeckner-Werke mill allowed to accept subsidies from Bremen', 11 Jan. 1994, p.2a.
52. Ibid. 'EU poised to abandon plan', 25 Oct. 1994, p.20d.
53. Hans Werner Franz, 'Do it right the first time- quality as the crucial change agent in the European steel industries', Int. Jnl of Human Factors in Manufacturing 5/2 (1995) pp.211-24.
54. Hans Werner Franz, 'Quality Strategies and Workforce Strategies in the European Iron and Steel Industry', in Paul Blyton, and Jonathan Morris (eds) A Flexible Future? Prospects for Employment and Organisation (Berlin and NY: De Gruyter 1991) pp.259-73.
55. Paul Blyton, Hans Werner Franz, Jonathan Mortis, Nicolas Bacon and Rainer Lichte Changes in Work Organisation in the UK and German Steel Industries: Implications for Trade Unions and Industrial Relations (Anglo-German Foundation Report 1994).
56. Hans Werner Franz Occupational Profiles in the European Steel Industry, (Berlin, European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training 1992).
57. B. Elbaum, and Frank Wilkinson, 'Industrial Relations and Uneven Development: A Comparative Study of the American and British Steel Industries', Cambridge Jnl of Economics 3/3 (Sept. 1979) pp.275-303. K. Stone, 'The Origins of Job Structures in the Steel Industry', Review of Radical Political Economics 6/2 (1973) pp.113-73.
58. B. Elbaum, and Frank Wilkinson, 'Industrial Relations and Uneven Development: A Comparative Study of the American and British Steel Industries', Cambridge Jnl of Economics 3/3 (Sept. 1979) pp.275-303. K. Stone, 'The Origins of Job Structures in the Steel Industry', Review of Radical Political Economics 6/2 (1973) pp.113-73.
59. Jonathan Morris, Paul Blyton, Nicolas Bacon and Hans Werner Franz, 'Beyond survival: the implementation of new forms of work organisation in the UK and German steel industries', Int. Jnl of Human Resource Management 3/2 (1992) pp.307-29.
60. Blyton et al. (note 46).
61. Financial Times, 'Thyssen Stahl splits divisions', 6 Oct. 1994, p.29f.
62. Ibid. 'BS must develop markets outside UK and Europe', 21 June 1994, p.22e.
63. Ibid. Thyssen Stahl to cut 1,250 jobs', 15 Jan. 1994, p.2b. Ibid. 'Plans to cut a further 1,100 jobs', 25 Jan. 1994, p.3b.
64. Ibid. Thyssen Stahl to cut 1,250 jobs', 15 Jan. 1994, p.2b. Ibid. 'Plans to cut a further 1,100 jobs', 25 Jan. 1994, p.3b.
65. Nicolas Bacon, Paul Blyton and Jonathan Morris, 'Among the Ashes: Trade Union Strategies in the UK and German Steel Industries', British Jnl of Industrial Relations, forthcoming. Paul Blyton, 'Steel: A Classic Case of Industrial Relations Change in Britain', Jnl of Management Studies 29/5 (1992) p.635-50 Bob Avis, 'British Steel: A Case of Decentralisation of Collective Bargaining', Int. Jnl of Human Resource Management 1/1 (Aut. 1990) pp.90-9.
66. Nicolas Bacon, Paul Blyton and Jonathan Morris, 'Among the Ashes: Trade Union Strategies in the UK and German Steel Industries', British Jnl of Industrial Relations, forthcoming. Paul Blyton, 'Steel: A Classic Case of Industrial Relations Change in Britain', Jnl of Management Studies 29/5 (1992) p.635-50 Bob Avis, 'British Steel: A Case of Decentralisation of Collective Bargaining', Int. Jnl of Human Resource Management 1/1 (Aut. 1990) pp.90-9.
67. Nicolas Bacon, Paul Blyton and Jonathan Morris, 'Among the Ashes: Trade Union Strategies in the UK and German Steel Industries', British Jnl of Industrial Relations, forthcoming. Paul Blyton, 'Steel: A Classic Case of Industrial Relations Change in Britain', Jnl of Management Studies 29/5 (1992) p.635-50 Bob Avis, 'British Steel: A Case of Decentralisation of Collective Bargaining', Int. Jnl of Human Resource Management 1/1 (Aut. 1990) pp.90-9.
68. The Guardian, 'Steeled for Survival', 24 Jan. 1992, p.26.
69. Financial Times, 'Government agrees to early retirement programme for 10,450 Ilva workers', 14 March 1994, p.2a.
70. IDS European Report, 'Steel Replaces Labour Ordinance', Issue 379 (July 1993) p.7.
71. Ibid. 'Steel Deal aims to Save Jobs', Issue 389 (May 1994) p.5.
72. Financial Times, 'IG Metall makes pay-for-jobs offer', 2 Nov. 1995, p.2a.
73. C. Scherrer, 'Seeking a Way out of Fordism: The US Steel and Auto Industries', Capital and Class No.44 (Summer 1991) pp.93-120.
74. Financial Times, 'US steel industry's experiment to improve competitiveness through union involvement on company boards', 27 Oct. 1993, p.14a.
75. Hoerr, And the Wolf Finally Came (note 29). P.A. Tiffany, The Decline of American Steel: How Management, Labour and Government Went Wrong (NY: OUP 1988). A.J. Stritch, 'State Autonomy and Societal Pressure - The Steel Industry and United States Import Policy', Administration and Society 23/3 (1991) pp.288-309.
76. Hoerr, And the Wolf Finally Came (note 29). P.A. Tiffany, The Decline of American Steel: How Management, Labour and Government Went Wrong (NY: OUP 1988). A.J. Stritch, 'State Autonomy and Societal Pressure - The Steel Industry and United States Import Policy', Administration and Society 23/3 (1991) pp.288-309.
77. Hoerr, And the Wolf Finally Came (note 29). P.A. Tiffany, The Decline of American Steel: How Management, Labour and Government Went Wrong (NY: OUP 1988). A.J. Stritch, 'State Autonomy and Societal Pressure - The Steel Industry and United States Import Policy', Administration and Society 23/3 (1991) pp.288-309.
78. Financial Times, 'Krupp Hoesch Breaks Down Steel Division', 21 June 1994.
79. ISTC Today, Letter from Colin Hart, Skinningrove Special Sections (June 1995).
80. Financial Times, 'Compromise Offer in Polish Strike', 18 June 1994, p.2c.