Reflections on the FIGO surgical staging of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer

European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology

Volumn 24, Issue 3-4, 2003, Pages 215-222

  Menczer, J ^a,b  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b WOLFSON MEDICAL CENTER   (Israel)

Author keywords

Deficiencies of staging; Ovarian carcinoma; Surgical staging

Indexed keywords

CANCER INVASION; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURVIVAL; FIGO SURGICAL STAGING; INFORMATION SYSTEM; LIVER METASTASIS; LUNG METASTASIS; OVARY CARCINOMA; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; X RAY;

BIOPSY, NEEDLE; CARCINOMA; FEMALE; HUMANS; LAPAROSCOPY; NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS; NEOPLASM STAGING; OVARIAN NEOPLASMS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 0038352208     PISSN: 03922936     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Munell E. W., Taylor H. C.: "Ovarian carcinoma; A review of 200 primary and 51 secondary cases". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1949, 58, 943.
2. "Cancer of the ovary". In: "Corscaden's Gynecological Cancer". Gusberg SB, Frick HC (eds.), Baltimore, MD. Williams and Wilkins Co. (fourth edition), 1970, 555.
3. Young R. C., Decker D. G., Wharton J. T., Piver M. S., Sindler W. F., Edwards B. K et al.: "Staging laparotomy in early ovarian cancer". JAMA, 1983, 250, 3072.
4. Wu P. C., Qu J. Y., Lang J. H., Huang R. L., Tang M. Y., Lian L. J.: "Lymph node metastasis of ovarian cancer: a preliminary survey of 74 cases of lymphadenectomy". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1986, 5, 1103.
5. Young R. C., Walton L. A., Ellenberg S. S., Homeseley H. D., Wilbanks G. D., Decker D. G.: "Adjuvant therapy in stage I and stage II epithelial ovarian cancer". New Engl. J. Med., 1990, 322, 1021.
6. Monga M., Carmichael J. A., Sheley W. E., Kirk M. E., Krepart G. V., Jeffrey J. F. et al.: "Surgery without adjuvant chemotherapy for early ovarian epithelial carcinoma after comprehensive surgical staging". Gynecol. Oncol., 1991, 41, 195.
7. Piver M. S., Barlow J. J., Lele S. B.: "Incidence of subclinical metastasis in stage I and II ovarian carcinoma". Obstet. Gynecol., 1978, 52, 100.
8. Soper J. T., Johnson V., Berchuk A., Clarke-Pearson D. L.: "Comprehensive restaging laparotomy in women with apparent early stage ovarian carcinoma". Obstet. Gynecol., 1992, 80, 949.
9. Vergote I., Barbanter J. D., Fyles A., Bertelsen K., Einhorn N., Sevelda P. et al.: "Prognostic importance of degree of differentiation and cyst rupture in stage I invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma". Lancet, 2001, 357, 176.
10. "Epithelial ovarian cancer". In: "Clinical Gynecologic Oncology". (sixth edition). DiSaia P. J., Creasman W.T. (eds.), St. Luis, Toronto, London, Mosby Inc. 2000, 1.
11. "Principles and Practice of Gynecologic Oncology". Hoskins W. J., Perez C. A., Young R. C. (eds.), Philadelphia, JB Lipincott Co. 1992, 746.
12. Surgical Gynecologic Oncology. Burghardt E. (ed.), New York, Thieme, 1993, 457.
13. Trimbos J. B.: "Staging of early ovarian cancer and the impact of lymph node sampling". Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 2000, 10 (suppl. I), 8.
14. Le T., Adolph A., Krepart G. V., Lotocki R., Heywood M. S.: "The benefits of comprehensive surgical staging in the management of early-stage epithelial ovarian carcinoma". Gynecol. Oncol., 2002, 85, 351.
15. Leblanc E., Querleu D., Narduci F., Chauvet M. P., Chevalier A., Lesoin A. et al.: "Surgical staging of early invasive epithelial ovarian tumors". Semin. Surg. Oncol., 2000, 19, 36.
16. Favalli G., Odicino F., Torri V., Pecorelli S.: "Early stage ovarian cancer: the Italian contribution to clinical research. An update". Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 2001, 11 (suppl. 1), 12.
17. Trimbos J. B., Bolis G.: "Guidelines for staging of ovarian cancer". Obstet. Gynecol. Survey, 1994, 49, 814.
18. Young R. C., Pecorelli S.: "Management of early ovarian cancer". Sem. Oncol., 1998, 25, 335.
19. Coakley F. V.: "Staging ovarian cancer: role of imaging". Radiol. Clin. N. Am., 2002, 40, 609.
20. Nelson B. E., Rosenfeld A. T., Schwartz P. E.: "Preoperative abdominopelvic computed tomographic prediction of optimal cytoreduction in epithelial ovarian carcinoma". J. Clin. Oncol., 1993, 11, 166.
21. Byrom J., Widjaja E., Redman C. W., Jones P. W., Tebb S.: "Can preoperative computed tomography predict resectability of ovarian carcinoma at primary laparotomy?". Br. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2002, 109, 369.
22. Schwartz P. E., Chaers J. T., Makuch R.: "Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer". Gynecol. Oncol., 1994, 53, 33.
23. Vergote I., de Werer I., Tjalma W., van Gramberen M., Decloedt J., van Dam P.: "Interval surgery: an alternative for primary surgical debulking?". Semin. Surg. Oncol., 2000, 19, 49.
24. Kuhn W, Rutke S., Spathe K., Schmalfeldt B., Florak G., von Hundelshausen B. et al.: "Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by tumor debulking prolongs survival for patients with poor prognosis in International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology stage IIC ovarian cancer". Cancer, 2001, 92, 2585.
25. Huober J., Meyer U., Wallwiener D.: "The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval laparotomy in advanced ovarian cancer". J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 2002, 128, 153.
26. Childers J. M., Lang J., Surwit E. A., Hatch K. D.: "Laparoscopic surgical staging of ovarian cancer". Gynecol. Oncol., 1995, 59, 25.
27. Chi D. S., Curtin J. P.: "Gynecologic cancer and laparoscopy". Obstet. Gynecol. North Am., 1999, 26, 201.
28. Ben David Y., Bustan M., Shalev E.: "Laparoscopy as part of the evaluation and management of ovarian and cervix neoplasms". Harefuah, 2001, 140, 464.
29. McGuire W. P., Hoskins W. J., Brady M. F., Krucera P. R., Partridge E. E., Look K.Y. et al.: "Cyclophosphamide and cysplatin compared with paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with stage III and IV ovarian cancer". N. Engl. J. Med., 1996, 334, 1.
30. Mok C. H., Tsao S. W., Knapp R. C., Fishbaugh P. M., Lau C. C.: "Unifocal origin of advanced human epithelial ovarian cancers". Cancer Res., 1992, 52, 19.
31. Gallion H. H., Guarino A., DePriest P. D., van Nagel J. R. Jr, Vaccarello L., Berek J. S. et al.: "Evidence for unifocal origin in familial ovarian cancer". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1996, 174, 1102.
32. FIGO Annual report on the results of treatment in gynecological cancer. J. Epidem. Biostat., 1998, 3, 76.
33. Trimbos J. B., Schueler J. A., van der Burg M., Hermans J., van Lent M., Heinz A. P. et al.: "Watch and wait after careful surgical treatment and staging in well differentiate early ovarian cancer". Cancer, 1991, 67, 597.
34. Partridge E. E., Gunter B., Gelder M. S., Alvarez R. D., Soong S. J., Austin J. M. et al.: "The validity and significance of substages in advanced ovarian carcinoma". Gynecol. Oncol., 1993, 48, 236.
35. Hoskins W. J., Bundy B. N., Thigpen J. T., Omura G. A.: "The influence of cytoreductive surgery on recurrence-free interval and survival in small-volume stage II epithelial ovarian cancer: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study". Gynecol. Oncol., 1992, 47, 159.
36. Onda T., Yoshikawa H., Yasugi T., Mishima M., Nagokawa S., Yamada M. et al.: "Patients with ovarian carcinoma upstaged to stage III after systematic lympadenectomy have similar survival to stage I/II patients and superior survival to stage III patients". Cancer, 1998, 83, 1555.
37. Di Re F., Baiochi G.: "Value of lymph node assessment in ovarian cancer: Status of the art at the end of the second millennium". Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 2000, 10, 435.
38. Thigpen T., Brady B. S., Omura G. A., Creasman W. T., McGuire W. P., Hoskins W. J. et al.: "Age as a prognostic factor in ovarian carcinoma". Cancer, 1993, 7, 606.
39. Cervantes A.: "Prognostic factors in advanced ovarian carcinoma". Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 1997, 7 (suppl. 1), 4.
40. Dembo A. J., Stenwig A. E., Berle E. J., Bush R. S., Kjorstad K.: "Prognostic factors in patients with stage I epithelial ovarian cancer". Obstet. Gynecol., 1990, 75, 263.
41. Goff B. A., de la Cuesta S., Muntz H. G., Fleischhacker D., Ek M., Rice L. W. et al.: "Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary: a distinct histologic type with poor prognosis and resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy in stage III disease". Gynecol. Oncol., 1996, 60, 412.
42. Sugiyama T., Kamura T., Kigawa J., Terakawa N., Kikuchi Y., Suzuki M. et al.: "Clinical characteristics of clear cell carcinoma of the ovaries: a distinct histologic type with poor prognosis and resistance to platinum based chemotherapy". Cancer, 2000, 88, 2584.
43. Sevelda P., Vavra N., Schemper M., Salzer H.: "Prognostic factors for survival in stage I epithelial ovarian carcinoma". Cancer, 1990, 65, 2349.
44. Eisenkop S. M., Friedman R. L., Wang H. J.: "Complete cytoreductive surgery is feasible and maximizes survival in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: a prospective study". Gynecol. Oncol., 1998, 69, 103.
45. Bristow R. E., Montz F. J., Lagasse L. D., Leuchter R. S., Karlan B.Y.: "Survival impact of surgical cytoreduction in stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer". Gynecol. Oncol., 1999, 72, 278.
46. Bordman C. H., Webb M. J.: "Surgery in ovarian cancer". Eur. J. Gynecol. Oncol., 2001, 22, 89.
47. Heinz A. P.: "Surgery in advanced ovarian carcinoma. Is there proof to show the benefit?". Eur. J. Surg. Oncol., 1988, 14, 91.
48. Menczer J.: "Cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma. Some controversial aspects". Eur. J. Gynecol. Oncol., 1992, 13, 246.
49. Covens A. L.: "A critique of surgical cytoreduction in advanced ovarian cancer". Gynecol. Oncol., 2000, 78, 269.
50. Hunter R. W., Alexander N. D., Sutter W. P.: "Meta-analysis of surgery in advanced ovarian carcinoma: is maximum cytoreductive surgery an independent determinant of prognosis". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1992, 166, 504.
51. Fox H.: "Clinical value of new techniques of gynecologic tumor assessment". Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer, 1997, 7, 337.
52. Tay Y. T., Lee S., Weisman C., Strabel T., Canistra S. A.: "BAX protein expression and clinical outcome in epithelial ovarian cancer". J. Clin. Oncol., 1998, 16, 2583.
53. Cooper B. C., Sood A. K., Davis C. S., Ritchie J. M., Soroski J. I., Anderson B. et al.: "Preoperative CA125 levels: an independent prognostic factor for epithelial ovarian cancer". Obstet. Gynecol., 2002, 100, 59.
54. Creasman W. T.: "New gynecologic cancer staging". Gynecol. Oncol., 1995, 58, 157.
55. Creasman W. T.: "Stage IA of the cervix: Finally some resolution of definition and treatment?". Gynecol. Oncol. 1999, 74, 163.
56. Kohorn E.: "The new FIGO 2000 staging and risk factor scoring system for gestational trophoblastic disease: descriptive and critical assessment". Int. J. Gynecol. Oncol., 2001, 11, 73.
57. ICON2: randomized trial of single-agent carboplatin against three-drug combination of CAP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and cisplatin) in women with ovarian cancer. Lancet, 1998, 352, 1571.
58. ICON3 Group. Paclitaxel plus carboplatin versus standard chemotherapy with either single-agent carboplatin or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cysplatin in women with ovarian cancer: the ICON3 randomized trial. Lancet, 2002, 360, 505.