Income changes and cognitive stimulation in young children's home learning environments

Journal of Marriage and Family

Volumn 65, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 341-355

  Votruba Drzal, Elizabeth ^a  

^a Institute for Policy Research   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive development; Home; Home environment; Income; Preschool

Indexed keywords

EID: 0038349988     PISSN: 00222445     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00341.x     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Baharudin, R., & Luster, T. (1998). Factors related to the quality of the home environment and children's achievement. Journal of Family Issues, 19, 375-403.
2. Baker, P. C., & Mott, F. L. (1989). NLSY child handbook 1989: A guide and resource for the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1986 child data. Columbus, OH: Center for Human Resource Research.
3. Blau, D. M. (1999). The effect of income on child development. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 81, 261-276.
4. Bradley, R., Caldwell, B., Rock, S., Ramey, C., Barnard, K., Gray, C., Hammond, M., Mitchell, S., Gottfried, A., Siegel, L., & Johnson, D. (1989). Home environment and cognitive development in the first 3 years of life: A collaborative study involving six sites and three ethnic groups in North America. Developmental Psychology, 25, 217-235.
5. Bronfenbrenner, U., & Ceci, S. J. (1994). Nature-nurture reconceptualized in developmental perspective: A bioecological model. Psychological Review, 101, 568-586.
6. Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (1998). The ecology of developmental processes. In R. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., Vol. 1, pp. 993-1028). New York: Wiley.
7. Brooks-Gunn, J., Berlin, L., & Fuligni, A. (2000). Early childhood intervention programs: What about the family? In J. P. Shonkoff & S. J. Meisels (Eds.), Handbook of early childhood intervention (2nd ed., pp. 549-588). New York: Cambridge University Press.
8. Brooks-Gunn, J., Klebanov, P. K., & Duncan, G. J. (1996). Ethnic differences in children's intelligence test scores: Role of economic deprivation, home environment, and maternal characteristics. Child Development, 67, 396-408.
9. Caldwell, B. M., & Bradley, R. H. (1979). Home observation for measurement of the environment. Little Rock, AR: Center for Child Development and Education, University of Arkansas.
10. Center for Human Resource Research. (1993). NLSY child handbook revised edition: A guide to the 1986-1990 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth child data. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.
11. Center for Human Resource Research. (1997). NLSY users' guide: A guide to the 1979-1996 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data. Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University.
12. Chase-Lansdale, P. L., Mott, F. L., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Phillips, D. A. (1991). Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: A unique research opportunity. Developmental Psychology, 27, 918-931.
13. Dearing, E., McCartney, K., & Taylor, B. A. (2001). Change in family income-to-needs matters more for children with less. Child Development, 72, 1779-1793.
14. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service. (2001). Earned Income Credit (EIC) for use in preparing 2001 returns: Are you eligible? (Publication 596, Cat. No. 15173A). Washington, DC: Author.
15. Downey, D. B. (1995). When bigger is not better: Family size, parental resources, and children's educational performance. American Sociological Review, 60, 746-761.
16. Dubow, E. F., & Ippolito, M. F. (1994). Effects of poverty and quality of the home environment on changes in the academic and behavioral adjustment of elementary school-age children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 23, 401-412.
17. Duncan, G. J. (1988). The volatility of family income over the life course In P. B. Baltes, D. Featherman, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (pp. 317-358). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
18. Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (1997). Income effects across the life span: Integration and interpretation. In G. J. Duncan & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), Consequences of growing up poor (pp. 596-610). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
19. Entwisle, D. R., & Alexander, K. L. (1999). Early schooling and social stratification. In R. C. Pianta & M. J. Cox (Eds.), The transition to kindergarten (pp. 13-38). Baltimore: Brookes.
20. Garrett, P., Ng'andu, N., & Ferron, J. (1994). Poverty experiences of young children and the quality of their home environments. Child Development, 65, 331-345.
21. Gottfried, A. E., Gottfried, A. W., & Bathurst, K. (1988). Maternal employment, family environment and children's development: Infancy through the school years. In A. E. Gottfried & A. W. Gottfried (Eds.), Maternal employment and children's development: Longitudinal research, Plenum studies in work and industry (pp. 11-58). New York: Plenum Press.
22. Hoff-Ginsberg, E. (1991). Mother-child conversation in different social class and communicative settings. Child Development, 62, 782-796.
23. Kessler, R. (1982). A disaggregation of the relationship between socioeconomic status and psychological distress. American Sociological Review, 47, 752-764.
24. Kessler, R., & Cleary, P. D. (1980). Social class and psychological distress. American Sociological Review, 45, 463-478.
25. Lee, H., & Barratt, M. S. (1993). Cognitive development of preterm low birth weight children at 5 to 8 years old. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 14, 242-249.
26. Liker, J. K., Augustyniak, S., & Duncan, G. J. (1985). Panel data and models of change: A comparison of first difference and conventional two-wave models. Social Science Research, 14, 80-101.
27. Linver, M. R., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Kohen, D. (1999). Parenting behavior and emotional health as mediators of family poverty effects upon young low-birthweight children's cognitive ability. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 896, 376-378.
28. Luster, T., & Dubow, E. (1990). Predictors of the quality of the home environment that adolescent mothers provide for their school-aged children. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 19, 475-494.
29. MacKinnon, C. E., Brody, G. H., & Stoneman, Z. (1982). The effects of divorce and maternal employment on the home environments of preschool children. Child Development, 53, 1392-1399.
30. Mayer, S. E. (1997). What money can't buy: Family income and children's life chances. Cambridge. MA: Harvard University Press.
31. McLanahan, S., & Sandefur, G. (1994). Growing up with a single parent: What hurts, what helps. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
32. McLeod, J. D., & Kessler, R. (1990). Socioeconomic status differences in vulnerability to undesirable life events. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 31, 162-172.
33. McLoyd, V. C. (1990). The impact of economic hardship on black families and children: Psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development. Child Development, 61, 311-346.
34. Menaghan, E. G., & Parcel, T. L. (1991). Determining children's home environments: The impact of maternal characteristics and current occupational and family conditions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 53, 417-431.
35. Menaghan, E. G., & Parcel, T. L. (1995). Social sources of change in children's home environments: The effects of parental occupational experiences and family conditions. Journal of Marriage and Family, 57, 69-84.
36. Miller, J. E., & Davis, D. (1997). Poverty history, marital history, and quality of children's home environments. Journal of Marriage and Family, 59, 996-1007.
37. Owen, M. T., & Cox M. J. (1988). Maternal employment and the transition to parenthood. In A. E. Gottfried & A. W. Gottfried (Eds.), Maternal employment and children's development: Longitudinal research, Plenum studies in work and industry (pp. 85-119). New York: Plenum Press.
38. Parker, F. L., Boak, A. Y., Griffin, K. W., Ripple, C., & Peay, L. (1999). Parent-child relationship, home learning environment, and school readiness. School Psychology Review, 28, 413-425.
39. Richman, A., Miller, P., & LeVine, R. A. (1992). Cultural and educational responsiveness in maternal responsiveness. Developmental Psychology, 4, 614-621.
40. Rutter, M., Pickles, A., Murray, R., & Eaves, L. (2001). Testing hypotheses on specific environmental causal effects on behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 127, 291-324.
41. Sameroff, A. (1994). Developmental systems and family functioning. In R. D. Parke & S. G. Kellam (Eds.), Exploring family relationships with other social contexts (pp. 199-214). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
42. Smith, J. R., Brooks-Gunn, J., & Klebanov, P. K. (1997). Consequences of living in poverty for young children's cognitive and verbal ability and early school achievement. In G. J. Duncan & J. Brooks-Gunn (Eds.), Consequences of growing up poor (pp. 132-189). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
43. Takeuchi, D. T., Williams, D. R., & Adair, R. K. (1991). Economic stress in the family and children's emotional and behavioral problems. Journal of Marriage and Family, 53, 1031-1041.
44. U.S. Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics. (2000). Entering kindergarten: A portrait of American children when they begin school: Findings from The Condition of Education 2000 (DOE Publication No. NCES 2001-035). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
45. Vandell, D. L., & Ramanan, J. (1992). Effects of early and recent maternal employment on children from low-income families. Child Development, 64, 938-949.
46. Watson, J. E., Kirby, R. S., Kelleher, K. J., & Bradley, R. H. (1996). Effects of poverty on home environment: An analysis of three-year outcome data for low birth weight premature infants. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 21, 419-431.