Core stability exercise in chronic low back pain

Orthopedic Clinics of North America

Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 245-254

  Hodges, Paul W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACK MUSCLE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CHRONIC LOW BACK PAIN; CHRONIC PAIN; CLINICAL MEDICINE; CLINICAL TRIAL; EXERCISE; HUMAN; JOINT STABILITY; LEARNING; LOW BACK PAIN; LUMBAR SPINE; MOTOR CONTROL; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE FUNCTION; NEUROMODULATION; PELVIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKILL; TRAINING;

EID: 0038339627     PISSN: 00305898     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0030-5898(03)00003-8     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Panjabi MM. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part 1. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. J Spinal Disord 1992;5(4):383-9.
2. Butler DS. Sensitive nervous system. Adelaide, Australia: NOIgroup Publications; 2000.
3. Janda V. Muscles, central nervous motor regulation and back problems. In: Korr IM, editor. The neurobiologic mechanisms in manipulative therapy. New York: Plenium Press; 1978. p. 27-41.
4. Richardson CA, Jull GA, Hodges PW, Hides JA. Therapeutic exercise for spinal segmental stabilization in LBP: scientific basis and clinical approach. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 1999.
5. McGill S. Low back disorders: evidence based prevention and rehabilitation. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.; 2002.
6. Saal JA, Saal JS. Non-operative treatment of herniated lumbar intervertebral disc with radiculopathy: an outcome study. Spine 1989;14:431-7.
7. Cholewicki J, McGill SM. Mechanical stability of the in vivo lumbar spine: implications for injury and chronic low back pain. Clin Biomech 1996;11(1):1-15.
8. Crisco JJ, Panjabi MM. The intersegmental and multisegmental muscles of the lumbar spine: a biomechanical model comparing lateral stabilising potential. Spine 1991;7:793-9.
9. Gardner-Morse M, Stokes IAF, Laible JP. Role of muscles in lumbar spine stability in maximum extension efforts. J Orthopaed Res 1995;13:802-8.
10. Cholewicki J, Panjabi MM, Khachatryan A. Stabilizing function of trunk flexor-extensor muscles around a neutral spine posture. Spine 1997;22(19):2207-12.
11. Arendt-Nielsen L, Graven-Nielsen T, Svarrer H, Svensson P. The influence of low back pain on muscle activity and coordination during gait. Pain 1996;64(2):231-40.
12. Zedka M, Prochazka A, Knight B, Gillard D, Gauthier M. Voluntary and reflex control of human back muscles during induced pain. J Physiol 1999;520(Pt 2):591-604.
13. Radebold A, Cholewicki J, Panjabi MM, Patel TC. Muscle response pattern to sudden trunk loading in healthy individuals and in patients with chronic low back pain. Spine 2000;25(8):947-54.
14. Indahl A, Kaigle AM, Reikeras O, Holm SH. Interaction between the porcine lumbar intervertebral disc, zygapophysial joints, and paraspinal muscles. Spine 1997;22(24):2834-40.
15. Moseley GL, Hodges PW, Gandevia SC. External perturbation of the trunk in standing humans differentially activates components of the medial back muscles. J Physiol 2002; in press.
16. Bogduk N, Amevo B, Pearcy M. A biological basis for instantaneous centers of rotation of the vertebral column. Proc Inst Mech Eng 1995;209(3):177-83.
17. Bergmark A. Stability of the lumbar spine. A study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthoped Scand 1989;60(suppl 230):1-54.
18. Sahrman S. Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes. St Louis: Mosby, Inc.; 2002.
19. Bogduk N, Pearcy M, Hadfeild G. Anatomy and biomechanics of psoas major. Clin Biomech 1992;7:109-19.
20. McGill S, Juker D, Kropf P. Quantitative intramuscular myoelectric activity of quadratus lumborum during a wide variety of tasks. Clin Biomech 1996;11(3):170-2.
21. Snijders CJ, Vleeming A, Stoeckart R, Mens JMA, Kleinrensink GJ. Biomechanical modelling of sacroiliac joint stability in different postures. Spine: State Art Rev 1995;9:419-32.
22. Cresswell AG, Grundstrom H, Thorstensson A. Observations on intra-abdominal pressure and patterns of abdominal intra-muscular activity in man. Acta Physiol Scand 1992;144:409-18.
23. Urquhart D, Story I, Hodges P. Rotation transversus abdominis. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Physiotherapy Conference, Sydney, Australia. Melbourne: Australian Physiotherapy Association; 2002. p. 45.
24. Cresswell AG, Oddsson L, Thorstensson A. The influence of sudden perturbations on trunk muscle activity and intra-abdominal pressure while standing. Exp Brain Res 1994;98(2):336-41.
25. Hodges P, Kaigle-Holm A, Holm S, Ekstrom L, Cresswell AG, Hansson T, et al. In vivo evidence that postural activity of the respiratory muscles increases intervertebral stiffness of the spine: porcine studies. Soc Neurosci Abstr 2002;28:366.
26. Hodges PW, Cresswell AG, Daggfeldt K, Thorstensson A. In vivo measurement of the effect of intra-abdominal pressure on the human spine. J Biomech 2001;34:347-53.
27. Gracovetsky S, Farfan H, Helleur C. The abdominal mechanism. Spine 1985;10(4):317-24.
28. Richardson CA, Snijders CJ, Hides JA, Damen L, Pas MS, Storm J. The relation between the transversus abdominis muscles, sacroiliac joint mechanics, and LBP. Spine 2002;27(4):399-405.
29. Macintosh JE, Bogduk N. The detailed biomechanics of the lumbar multifidus. Clin Biomech 1986;1:205-31.
30. Lewin T, Moffett B, Viidik A. The morphology of the lumbar synovial joints. Acta Morphologica Neerlanco Scandinav 1962;4:299-319.
31. Panjabi MM, Abumi K, Duranceau J, Oxland T. Spinal stability and intersegmental muscle forces. A biomechanical model. Spine 1989;14:194-200.
32. Wilke HJ, Wolf S, Claes LE, Arand M, Wiesend A. Stability increase of the lumbar spine with different muscle groups: a biomechanical in vitro study. Spine 1995;20(2):192-8.
33. Gracovetsky S, Farfan HF, Lamy C. A mathematical model of the lumbar spine using an optimised system to control muscles and ligaments. Orthop Clin North Am 1977;8:135-53.
34. Kaigle AM, Holm SH, Hansson TH. Experimental instability in the lumbar spine. Spine 1995;20(4):421-30.
35. Zetterberg C, Andersson GB, Schultz AB. The activity of individual trunk muscles during heavy physical loading. Spine 1987;12:1035-40.
36. Gardner-Morse MG, Stokes IA. The effects of abdominal muscle co-activation on lumbar spine stability. Spine 1998;23(1):86-91.
37. Pauly J. An electromyographic analysis of certain movements and exercises: I. Some deep muscles of the back. Anat Rec 1966;155:223-34.
38. Belenkii V, Gurfinkel VS, Paltsev Y. Elements of control of voluntary movements. Biofizika 1967;12(1):135-41.
39. Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Contraction of the abdominal muscles associated with movement of the lower limb. Phys Ther 1997;77:132-44.
40. Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Feedforward contraction of transversus abdominis in not influenced by the direction of arm movement. Exp Brain Res 1997;114:362-70.
41. Moseley GL, Hodges PW, Gandevia SC. Deep and superficial fibers of lumbar multifidus are differentially active during voluntary arm movements. Spine 2002;27:E29-36.
42. Hodges PW, Cresswell AG, Thorstensson A. Preparatory trunk motion accompanies rapid upper limb movement. Exp Brain Res 1999;124:69-79.
43. Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Transversus abdominis and the superficial abdominal muscles are controlled independently in a postural task. Neurosci Lett 1999;265(2):91-4.
44. Wilder DG, Aleksiev AR, Magnusson ML, Pope MH, Spratt KF, Goel VK. Muscular response to sudden load. A tool to evaluate fatigue and rehabilitation. Spine 1996;21(22):2628-39.
45. Henry SM, Fung J, Horak FB. EMG responses to maintain stance during multidirectional surface translations. J Neurophysiol 1998;80(4):1939-50.
46. Hodges PW, Richardson CA. Delayed postural contraction of transversus abdominis associated with movement of the lower limb in people with LBP. J Spinal Disord 1998;11(11):46-56.
47. Hodges PW, Moseley GL, Gabrielsson A, Gandevia SC. Experimental muscle pain changes feed forward postural responses of the trunk muscles. Exp Brain Res 2003; in press.
48. Hodges P, Gandevia S. Changes in intra-abdominal pressure during postural and respiratory activation of the human diaphragm. J Appl Physiol 2000;89(3):967-76.
49. O'Sullivan PB, Twomey L, Allison GT. Altered abdominal muscle recruitment in patients with CLBP following a specific exercise intervention. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1998;27(2):114-24.
50. Sihvonen T, Lindgren KA, Airaksinen O, Manninen H. Movement disturbances of the lumbar spine and abnormal back muscle electromyographic findings in recurrent LBP. Spine 1997;22:289-95.
51. Leinonen V, Kankaanpaa M, Luukkonen M, Hanninen O, Airaksinen O, Taimela S. Disc hemiation-related BP impairs feed-forward control of paraspinal muscles. Spine 2001;26(16):E367-72.
52. Rantanen J, Hurme M, Falck B, Alaranta H, Nykvist F, Lehto M, et al. The lumbar multifidus muscle five years after surgery for a lumbar intervertebral disc herniation. Spine 1993;18(5):568-74.
53. Roy SH, DeLuca CJ, Casavant DA. Lumbar muscle fatigue and chronic low back pain. Spine 1989;14(9):992-1001.
54. Hides JA, Stokes MJ, Saide M, Jull GA, Cooper DH. Evidence of lumbar multifidus muscle wasting ipsilateral to symptoms in patients with acute/subacute low back pain. Spine 1994;19:165-77.
55. Alaranta H, Tallroth K, Soukka A, Heliaara M. Fat content of lumbar extensor muscles in low back disability: a radiographic and clinical comparison. J Spinal Disord 1993;6(2):137-40.
56. Suzuki N, Ohe K. Abdominal and back muscle strength in patients with low back pain. Orthop Surg 1978;29:325-8.
57. Thorstensson A, Arvidson Å. Trunk muscle strength and low back pain. Scand J Rehabil Med 1982;14:69-75.
58. Arena JG, Sherman RA, Bruno GM, Young TR. Electromyographic recordings of 5 types of low back pain subjects and non-pain controls in different positions. Pain 1989;37(1):57-65.
59. Cram JR, Steger JC. EMG scanning in the diagnosis of chronic pain. Biofeedback Self Regul 1983;8:229-41.
60. Collins GA, Cohen MJ, Naliboff BD, Schandler SL. Comparative analysis of paraspinal and frontalis EMG, heart rate and skin conductance in chronic low back pain patients and normals to various postures and stresses. Scand J Rehabil Med 1982;14:39-46.
61. Shirado O, Ito T, Kaneda K, Strax TE. Flexion-relaxation phenomenon in the back muscles. A comparative study between healthy subjects and patients with chronic low back pain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1995;74(2):139-44.
62. Kaigle AM, Wessberg P, Hansson TH. Muscular and kinematic behavior of the lumbar spine during flexionextension. J Spinal Disord 1998;11(2):163-74.
63. Gill KP, Callaghan MJ. The measurement of lumbar proprioception in individuals with and without low back pain. Spine 1998;23(3):371-7.
64. Brumagne S, Cordo P, Lysens R, Verschueren S, Swinnen S. The role of paraspinal muscle spindles in lumbosacral position sense in individuals with and without LBP. Spine 2000;25:989-94.
65. Hodges PW, Moseley GL. Pain and motor control of the lumbopelvic region: effect and possible mechanisms. Electromyogr Kinesiol 2003; in press.
66. Magill RA. Motor learning: concepts and applications. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001.
67. Carr JH, Shepherd RB. A motor relearning programme for stroke. 2nd edition. London: Heinemann; 1987.
68. Fitts PM, Posner MI. Human performance. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole; 1967.
69. Voss DE, Ionta MK, Myers BJ. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation: patterns and techniques. New York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers; 1985.
70. Jull G, Trott P, Potter H, Zito G, Niere K, Shirley D, et al. A randomized controlled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache. Spine 2002;27:1835-43.
71. Jull GA, Scott Q, Richardson C, Henry S, Hides J, Hodges P. New concepts for the control of pain in the lumbopelvic region. In: Vleeming A, Mooney V, Tilscher H, Dorman T, Snijders C, editors. Proceedings of the 3rd Interdisciplinary World Congress on Low Back and Pelvic Pain, Vienna, Austria. Rotterdam: European Conference Organisers; 1998. p. 128-31.
72. Cowan SM, Bennel KL, Crossley KM, Hodges PW, McConnell J. Physical therapy alters recruitment of the vasti in patellofemoral pain syndrome. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34:1879-85.
73. Schmidt RA, Lee TD. Motor control and learning: a behavioural emphasis. 3rd edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers; 1999.
74. Hides JA, Richardson CA, Jull GA, Davies SE. Ultrasound imaging in rehabilitation. Aus J Physiother 1996;41:187-93.
75. Moseley GL, Hodges PW. Chronic pain and motor control. In: Boyling J, Jull GA, editors. Grieve's modern manual therapy. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2003. In press.
76. Creager CC. Therapeutic exercises using the Swiss ball. Berthoud (CO): Executive Physical Therapy; 1994.
77. Bullock-Saxton JE, Janda V, Bullock MI. Reflex activation of gluteal muscles in walking with balance shoes. Spine 1993;18(6):704-8.
78. Mannion AF, Muntener M, Taimela S, Dvorak J. A randomized clinical trial of three active therapies for chronic low back pain. Spine 1999;24(23):2435-48.
79. O'Sullivan PB, Twomey LT, Allison GT. Evaluation of specific stabilizing exercise in the treatment of chronic low back pain with radiologic diagnosis of spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis. Spine 1997;22(24):2959-67.
80. Hides JA, Richardson CA, Jull GA. Multifidus muscle recovery is not automatic after resolution of acute, first-episode low back pain. Spine 1996;21(23):2763-9.
81. Hides JA, Jull GA, Richardson CA. Long term effects of specific stabilizing exercises for first episode low back pain. Spine 2001;26:243-8.
82. Goldby L, Moore A, Doust J, Trew M. An RCT investigating the efficacy of manual therapy, exercises to rehabilitate spinal stabilization and an education booklet in the conservative treatment of chronic low back pain. In: Proceedings of International Federation of Manipulative Therapists. Perth, Australia: 2000.
83. Stuge B. The efficacy of a specific stabilizing exercise program in the treatment of patients with peripartum pelvic pain after pregnancy. A randomized controlled trial. In: Proceedings of the 4th Interdisciplinary World Congress on Low Back and Pelvic Pain, Montreal, Canada. Rotterdam: European Conference Organisers; 2001.
84. Daneels L, Cools A, Vanderstraeten G, Gambier D, Witrouw E, Bourgois J, et al. The effect of 3 different training modalities on the cross sectional area of paravertebral muscles. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2001;11(6):335-41.
85. Mannion AF, Taimela S, Muntener M, Dvorak J. Active therapy for chronic low back pain. Part 1. Effects on back muscle activation, fatigability, and strength. Spine 2001;26(8):897-908.