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0038400124
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note
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Investigation of the reaction parameters showed that the choice of base was crucial in the aminocarbonylation of 2-iodotoluene with aniline. Inorganic carbonate bases and tertiary aliphatic amines were nonproductive at the temperatures investigated here (50-150 °C). The nucleophilic catalysts imidazole and DMAP were effective at high temperatures (150 °C), but the use of DBU as base furnished a dramatically improved reaction rate, which allowed substantially lower temperatures. Palladium acetate afforded a slightly superior catalytic system compared to Pd/C and phosphine containing pre-catalysts. The etherous solvents diglyme, DME, dioxane, and THF were all more efficient than DMF, MeCN, or toluene. THF was the preferred choice because of the easy access to freshly distilled solvent and the simple removal from the reaction mixture.
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0038061850
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note
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Optical rotation compared to commercially available sample (Fluka).
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0030767352
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32
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0038400122
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note
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2, was responsible for the immediate CO-release illustrated in Figure 1, profile B. The omission of 1d or 2b did not affect the pressure.
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33
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0038400120
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note
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Using aqueous potassium carbonate, triethylamine, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine, or 2c as base in the aminocarbonylation of 1d with 2c at 100 °C, 15 min, afforded less than 10% conversion of 1d and little or no increase in pressure. DMAP was able to release CO, but the conversion was still low under these conditions.
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34
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0003877758
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Lide, D. R., Ed.; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL
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