Western and local approaches to justice in Rwanda

Global Governance

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 219-231

  Uvin, Peter ^a   Mironko, Charles ^b  

^a TUFTS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0038320370     PISSN: 10752846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/19426720-00902009     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Gerard Prunier, The Rwanda Crisis: History of a Genocide (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), pp. 261-25.
2. Mary Kimani, "Expensive Justice: Cost of Running the Rwanda Tribunal," Internews (Kigali) 9 April 2002, available online at www.internews. org/activities/ICTR_reports/ICTR_reports.htm.
3. Aloysius Habimana, "What Does 'International Justice' Look Like in Post-Genocide Rwanda?" Human Rights Forum (spring 2000): 14, 21.
4. Helena Cobban, "The Legacies of Collective Violence: The Rwandan Genocide and the Limits of Law," Boston Review 27, no. 2 (April-May 2002): 6.
5. See the interview with Martin Ngoga, government of Rwanda representative to the ICTR, in Eugene Habiyambere, "Interview with Martin Ngoga," Judicial Diplomacy (August 2000): 1-4.
6. André Sibomana, Hope for Rwanda (London: Pluto Press, 1997), p. 110. Also based on informal interviews done by, and personal communication of, Charles Mironko, May-June 1999, July-September 2001.
7. 7. Elizabeth Neuffer, The Keys to My Neighbor's House: Seeking Justice in Bosnia and Rwanda (New York; Picador, 2001), pp. 371-373.
8. Hirondelle at www.hirondelle.org/ and Diplomatie Judiciaire at www. diplomatiejudiciaire.com.
9. Kingsley C. Moghalu, "Image and Reality of War Crimes Justice: External Perceptions of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda," Fletcher Forum of International Affairs (June 2002), footnote 3.
10. See http://www.internews.org.
11. Thierry Cruvelier, "Explosive Leak or Wet Firecracker?" Diplomatie Judiciaire (9 May 2000), available online at http://www.diplomatiejudiciaire.com/UK/Tpiruk/TPIRUK14.htm.
12. Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda 40, no. 6 (15 March 2001); Peter Uvin, "Difficult Choices in the New Post-conflict Agenda: The International Community in Rwanda After the Genocide," Third World Quarterly 22, no. 2 (April 2001): 181.
13. Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda 40, no. 6 (15 March 2001); Peter Uvin, "Difficult Choices in the New Post-conflict Agenda: The International Community in Rwanda After the Genocide," Third World Quarterly 22, no. 2 (April 2001): 181.
14. Ian Martin, "Hard Choices After Genocide: Human Rights and Political Failures in Rwanda," in Jonathan Moore, ed., Hard Choices: Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention (Lanham, MD.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998), p. 157.
15. USAID, Rebuilding Postwar Rwanda: The Role of the International Community USAID, AID Evaluation Special Study Report no. 76 (Washington, D.C.: July 1996), p. 14.
16. OECD, The Limits and Scope for the Use of Development Assistance Incentives and Disincentives for Influencing Conflict Situations. Case Study: Rwanda (Paris: Development Assistance Committee, 1999), pp. 21, 23; authors' archives.
17. OECD, The Limits and Scope for the Use of Development Assistance Incentives, footnote 15, pp. 21ff.
18. Félicien Kamashabi, "Avancement des procès. Le recul du nombre de jugements rendus se confirme," Le Verdict 34 (January 2002): 7.
19. Jean de Dieu Mucyo and Jeremy Sarkin, "Gacaca Courts and Justice," in Charles Villa-Vincencio and Thomas Savage, eds., Rwanda and South Africa in Dialogue: Addressing the Legacies of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity (Johannesburg: Institute for Justice and Reconciliation, 2001), p. 49.
20. Human Rights Watch (HRW), Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda (New York: HRW, 1999), pp. 749, 757.
21. International Crisis Group (ICG), Five Years After the Genocide in Rwanda: Justice in Question (Brussels: ICG, April 1999), p. 7, available online at http://www.crisisweb.org/projects/cafrica/reports/rw01erepa.htm.
22. Charles Mironko discussions with dozens of observers, 1997-2002.
23. Simon Gabisirege and Simon Babalola, Perceptions About the Gacaca Law in Rwanda: Evidence from a Multi-Method Study, (Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Center for Communication Programs, Special Publication No. 19, Baltimore, April 2001).
24. Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda 40, no. 6 (15 March 2001).
25. Ibid.; see also Mucyo and Sarkin, "Gacaca Courts and Justice," footnote 18; Ministère de la Justice, Aide-memoire des Principes de Base de l'Institut des Juridictions Gacaca conçu pour l'Explication à la population (Kigali: Minijust, November 2000).
26. Ibid.; see also Mucyo and Sarkin, "Gacaca Courts and Justice," footnote 18; Ministère de la Justice, Aide-memoire des Principes de Base de l'Institut des Juridictions Gacaca conçu pour l'Explication à la population (Kigali: Minijust, November 2000).
27. See Alice Karekesi, "Juridictions gacaca: Lutte contre l'Impunité et promotion de la réconciliation nationale," in Les juridictions gacaca et les processus de réconciliation nationale, Center for Conflict Management, Cahier No. 3 (Butare: National University of Rwanda, May 2001), pp. 55, 63ff.
28. Klaas De Jonge. PRI Research Team on Gacaca Report III: April-June 2002. (Kigali: Penal Reform International, 2002); Jeremy Sarkin, "The Necessity and Challenges of Establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission," Human Rights Quarterly 21, no. 3 (1999): 785, 801, 812.
29. Klaas De Jonge. PRI Research Team on Gacaca Report III: April-June 2002. (Kigali: Penal Reform International, 2002); Jeremy Sarkin, "The Necessity and Challenges of Establishing a Truth and Reconciliation Commission," Human Rights Quarterly 21, no. 3 (1999): 785, 801, 812.
30. Gabisirege and Babalola, Perceptions About the Gacaca Law in Rwanda, footnote 22.
31. Mironko's interview with a confessed prisoner in Gitarama prison, 9 September 2000.
32. Mironko's interview with a confessed prisoner in Gisenyi prison, 25 September 2000.
33. Stef Vandeginste, "Les jurisdictions Gacaca et la poursuite des suspects auteurs du génocide et des crimes contre l'Humanité au Rwanda," in Philip Reyntjens, ed., L'Afrique des Grands Lacs, Annuaire 1999-2000 (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2000).