Emerging treatments for ovarian cancer

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 203-216

  Muggia, Franco ^a   Lu, M Janice ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cytotoxic; Ovarian cancer; Platinums; Taxanes

Indexed keywords

3 BENZYL 7 CYANO 2,3,4,5 TETRAHYDRO 1 (1H IMIDAZOL 4 YLMETHYL) 4 (2 THIENYLSULFONYL) 1H 1,4 BENZODIAZEPINE; ALKYLATING AGENT; ALPHA INTERFERON; ALTRETAMINE; AMMINEDICHLORO(2 METHYLPYRIDINE)PLATINUM; BBR 3464; BMS 184476; BMS 275183; CANFOSFAMIDE; CARBOPLATIN; CB 300919; CETUXIMAB; CISPLATIN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYTOTOXIC AGENT; DOCETAXEL; DOXORUBICIN; EPIRUBICIN; ERLOTINIB; ETOPOSIDE; FLOXURIDINE; FLUOROURACIL; GA 7332; GEFITINIB; GEMCITABINE; GIMATECAN; IFOSFAMIDE; IMC 225; IND 5390; IRINOTECAN; IXABEPILONE; LURTOTECAN; MATUZUMAB; MELPHALAN; METHOTREXATE; MITOMYCIN C; MITOPODOZIDE; NAVELBINE; OREGOVOMAB; OXALIPLATIN; PACLITAXEL; PACLITAXEL DERIVATIVE; PACLITAXEL POLIGLUMEX; PACLITAXEL TOCOSOL; PLATINUM DERIVATIVE; PLEVITREXED; PNU 93914; RUBITECAN; SABARUBICIN; SATRAPLATIN; THIOTEPA; TOPOTECAN; TRABECTEDIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ALOPECIA; ANEMIA; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; BLOOD TOXICITY; BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION; CANCER COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CARDIOTOXICITY; CLINICAL TRIAL; CYTOTOXICITY; DIARRHEA; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TARGETING; FEBRILE NEUTROPENIA; GENE THERAPY; HAND FOOT SYNDROME; HUMAN; MUCOSA INFLAMMATION; NEUROPATHY; NEUROTOXICITY; OVARY CANCER; REVIEW; SKIN MANIFESTATION; TREATMENT FAILURE; VOMITING;

ANIMALS; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CLINICAL TRIALS; FEMALE; HUMANS; OVARIAN NEOPLASMS; TECHNOLOGY, PHARMACEUTICAL;

EID: 0038318823     PISSN: 14728214     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14728214.8.1.203     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. EDMONDSON RJ, MONAGHAN JM: The epidemiology of ovarian cancer. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer (2001) 11:423-429.
2. STRUEWING JP, HARTGE P, WACHOLDER S et al.: The risk of cancer associated with specific mutations of BRCA1 and 2 among Ashkenazi Jews. N. Engl. J. Med. (1997) 336:1401-1408.
3. NO AUTHORS LISTED: NIH Consensus Development Panel on Ovarian Cancer. JAMA (1995) 273:491-497.
4. LIOTTA L: Proteomics: the next revolution in molecular medicine. Chemotherapy Foundation Symposium, New York, USA (2002) (Presentation).
5. NO AUTHORS LISTED: American Cancer Society: cancer facts and figures 2001. American Cancer Society, Atlanta, USA (2001).
6. MUDERSPACH L, MUGGIA FM, CONTI PS: Second-look for stage III epithelial ovarian cancer: rationale and current issues. Cancer Treat. Rev. (1996) 21(6):499-511.
7. OZOLS R et al.: Carboplatin and paclitaxel versus cisplatin and paclitaxel in ovarian cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 18:A1374.
8. MCGUIRE WP, HOSKINS WJ, BRADY MF et al.: Cyclophosphamide and cisplatin compared with paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with stage III and IV ovarian cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. (1996) 334:1-6.
9. PICCART MJ, BERTELSEN K, JAMES K et al.: Randomized intergroup trial of cisplatin-paclitaxel versus cisplatin-cyclophosphamide in women with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. three year results. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (2000) 92:699-708.
10. MUGGIA FM, BRALY PS, BRADY MF et al.: Phase III randomized study of cisplatin versus paclitaxel versus cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with suboptimal stage III or IV ovarian cancer: a gynecologic oncology group study. J. Clin. Oncol. (2000) 18:106-115.
11. NO AUTHORS LISTED: Paclitaxel plus carboplatin versus standard chemotherapy with either single-agent carboplatin or cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in women with ovarian cancer: the ICON3 randomised trial. International Collaborative Ovarian Neoplasm (ICON) Collaborators. Lancet (2002) 360:505-515.
12. DU BOIS A, LUCK HJ, BAUKNECHT T et al.: First-line chemotherapy with epirubicin, paclitaxel, and carboplatin for advanced ovarian cancer: a Phase I/II study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynakologische Onkologie Ovarian Cancer Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 17(1):46-51.
13. VASEY PA, ATKINSON R, COLEMAN R et al.: Docetaxel-carboplatin as first line chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer. Br. J. Cancer (2001) 84(2):170-178.
14. GORDON AN, FLEAGLE JT, GUTHRIE D et al.: Recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a randomized Phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus topotecan. J. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 19:3312-3322.
15. MUGGIA FM, HAINSWORTH JD, JEFFERS S et al.: Phase II study of liposomal doxorubicin in refractory ovarian cancer: antitumor activity and toxicity modification by liposomal encapsulation. J. Clin. Oncol. (1997) 15(3):987-993.
16. MISSET J-L, VENNIN P, CHOLLET P et al.: Multicenter Phase II-III study of oxaliplatin plus cyclophosphamide versus cisplatin plus cyclophosphamide in chemonaive advanced ovarian cancer patients. Ann. Oncol. (2001) 12:1411-1415.
17. GARCIA A, MUGGIA FM: Activity of anthracyclines in refractory ovarian cancer: recent experience and review. Cancer Invest. (1997) 15:329-334.
18. ROSE PG, BLESSING JA, MAYER AR et al.: Prolonged oral etoposide as secondline therapy for platinum resistant and platinum sensitive ovarian carcinoma: a GOG study. J. Clin. Oncol. (1998) 16:405-410.
19. BURGER RA, DISAIA PJ, ROBERTS JA et al.: Phase II trial of vinorelbine in recurrent and progressive epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. (1999) 72:148-153.
20. THIGPEN JT, BLESSING J, BALL H et al.: Phase II trial of paclitaxel in patients with progressive ovarian cancer after platinum-based chemotherapy: a GOG study. J. Clin. Oncol. (1994) 12:1748-1753.
21. KAVANAGH JJ, KUDELKA AP, DE LEON CG et al.: Phase II study of docetaxel in patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma refractory to platinum. Clin. Cancer Res. (1996) 2:837-842.
22. FRIEDLANDER M, MILLWARD MJ, BELL D et al.: A Phase II study of gemcitabine in platinum pre-treated patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Ann. Oncol. (1998) 9:1343-1345.
23. WASSERMAN T, CARTER SK: Tabular analysis of anticancer drug activity. Cancer Chemother. (1975) 6(3):399-419.
24. BOOKMAN MA, MALMSTROM H, BOLIS G et al.: Topotecan for the treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer an open-label Phase II study in patients treated after prior chemotherapy that contained cisplatin or carboplatin and paclitaxel. J. Clin. Oncol. (1998) 16:3345-3352.
25. EISENHAUER EA, VERMORKEN JB, VAN GLABBEKE M: Predictors of response to subsequent chemotherapy in platinum pretreated ovarian cancer: a multivariate analysis of 704 patients. Ann. Oncol. (1997) 8(10):963-968.
26. KEHRER DF, BOS AM, VERWEIJ J et al.: Phase I and pharmacologic study of liposomal lurtotecan, NX 211: urinary excretion predicts hematologic toxicity. J. Clin. Oncol. (2002) 20(5):1222-1231.
27. VERSCHRAEGEN CF, GUPTA E, LOYER E et al.: A Phase II clinical and pharmacological study of oral 9-nitrocamptothecin in patients with refractory ovarian, tubal or peritoneal cancer. Anticancer Drugs (1999) 10(4):375-383.
28. MARKMAN M, HAKES T, REICHMAN B et al.: Ifosfamide and mesna in previously treated advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: activity in platinum-resistant disease. (1992) Clin. Oncol. 10:243-248.
29. MARKMAN M, BLESSING JA, MOORE D et al.: Altretamine (hexamethylmelamine) in platinum-resistant and platinum-refractory ovarian carcinoma: a GOG Phase II trial. J. Clin. Oncol. (1998) 69:226-229.
30. PECORELLI S: EORTC trial chair. (unpublished).
31. ALBERTS DS, GARCIA DJ, FISHER E, LIU PY: Southwest Oncology Group experience with intraperitoneal chemotherapy of ovarian cancer. In: Current clinical oncology: regional chemotherapy. Markman M (Ed.), Humana Press Inc, Totowa, NJ, USA (2000):179-191.
32. MUGGIA FM, LIU PY, ALBERTS DS et al.: Intraperitoneal mitoxantrone or floxuridine: effects on time-to-failure and survival in patients with minimal residual ovarian cancer after second-look laparotomy. Gynecol. Oncol. (1996) 61:395-402.
33. MUGGIA FM, JEFFERS S, MUDERSPACH L et al.: Phase I/II study of intraperitoneal floxuridine and platinums (cisplatin and/or carboplatin). Gynecol. Oncol. (1997) 66:185-191.
34. LU J, LIEBES L, HOCHSTER H et al.: Phase I and pharmacologic study of intraperitoneal topotecan and cisplatin. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (2003) (Abstract).
35. BARAKAT RC, SPRIGGS DR: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience with intraperitoneal chemotherapy of ovarian cancer. In: Current clinical oncology: regional chemotherapy. Markman M, Humana Press Inc, Totowa, NJ, USA (2000):167-177.
36. ROTHENBERG M, LIU PY, WILCZYNSKI S et al.: Phase II trial of oral altretamine for consolidation of clinical complete remission in women with stage III epithelial ovarian cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group trial (SWOG-9326). Gynecol. Oncol. (2001) 82:317-322. Review of consolidation as a concept following initial induction.
37. SANTOSO JT, TANG DC, LANE SB et al.: Adenovirus-based p53 gene therapy in ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. (1995) 59:171-178.
38. EPENETOS AA, HIRD V, LAMBERT H et al.: Long term survival of patients with advanced ovarian cancer treated with intraperitoneal radioimmunotherapy. Int. J. Gynecol. Oncol. (2000) 10(S1):44-46.
39. EHLEN T, NICODEMUS CF, NOUJAIM AA et al.: Induction of tumor protective immunity utilizing the CA125 specific monoclonal OvaRex MAb-B43.13 in a cohort of patients with advanced recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. (2001) 80:310.
40. SCHULTES BC, NICODEMUS CF, BEREK JS et al.: Use of OvaRex® MAb-b43.13 as an immunotherapeutic treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer: experience as single agent post first-line therapy in combination with chemotherapy in recurrent disease. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S137 (Abstract #455).
41. NELSON AR, FINGLETON B, ROTHENBERG ML, MATRISIAN LM: Matrix metalloproteinases: biologic activities and clinical implications. J. Clin. Oncol. (2000) 18:1135-1149.
42. LENGYEL E, SCHMALFELDT B, KONIK E et al.: Expression of latent matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) predicts survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. (2001) 82:291-298.
43. MUGGIA FM: Search for the optimal treatment of ovarian cancer: heavy metals, 'belly baths' and ...yew trees. J. Clin. Oncol. (1992) 10:683-685.
44. MUGGIA FM: Overview of carboplatin: replacing, complementing, and extending the therapeutic horizons of cisplatin. Semin. Oncol. (1989) 16(Suppl. 5):1-7.
45. PICCART MJ, GREEN JA, LACAVE AJ et al.: Oxaliplatin or paclitaxel in parients with platinum-pretreated advanced ovarian cancer: a randomized Phase II study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gynecology Group. J. Clin. Oncol. (2000) 18:1193-2002. A clinical trial positioning oxaliplatin as a valuable second-line agent for patients with potentially still platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer.
46. VERSCHRAEGGEN C, MANSFIELD P, FEIG B et al.: Phase I study of an intraperitoneal liposomal cisplatin analog L-NDDP for treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (1999) 18:364a (Abstract #1405).
47. AKAZA H, TOGASHI M, NISHIO Y et al.: Phase II study of cisdiammine(glycolato) platinum, 265-S, in patients with advanced germ-cell testicular cancer, prostatic cancer, and transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary tract. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. (1992) 31:187-192.
48. GIETEMA JA, DE VRIES EGE, SLEIJFER DT et al.: A Phase I study of 1,2-diammineomethyl-cyclobutane-platinum (II)-lactate (D-19466, lobaplatin) administered daily for 5 days. Br. J. Cancer (1993) 67:396-401.
49. GIETEMA JA, VELDUIS GJ, GUCHELAAR HJ et al.: Phase II and pharmacokinetic study of lobaplatin with relapsed ovarian cancer. Br. J. Cancer (1995) 71:1302-1305.
50. MCKEAGE MJ, RAYNAUD F, WARD J et al.: Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of an oral platinum complex given daily for 5 days in patients with cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. (1997) 15:2691-2700.
51. MANZOTTI C, PRATESI G, MENTA E et al.: BBR 3464: a novel triplatinum complex, exhibiting a preclinical profile of antitumor efficacy different from cisplatin. Clin. Cancer Res. (2000) 6(7):2626-2634.
52. RAYNAUD FI, BOXALL FE, GODDARD PL et al.: Cis-amminedichloro(2-methylpyrimidine) platinum (II) (AMD473, a novel sterically hindered platinum complex: in vivo activity, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics in mice. Clin. Cancer Res. (1997) 3:2063-2074.
53. NEWMAN MS, COLBERN GT, WORKING PK et al.: Comparative pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and therapeutic effectiveness of cisplatin encapsulated in long-circulating pegylated liposomes (SPI-077) in tumor-bearing mice. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. (1999) 43:1-7. Example of preclinical activity in xenografts that did not breed true in the clinic.
54. MUGGIA FM, VOGELZANG N, SCHNIPPER E: Phase I and Phase II clinical studies of SPI-77 (in preparation).
55. PICCART MJ, GORE M, TEN BOKKEL HUININK W et al.: Docetaxel: an active new drug for treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1995) 87:676-681.
56. LI C, YU DF, NEWMAN RA et al.: Complete regression of well-established tumors using a novel water-soluble poly (L-glutamic acid)-paclitaxel conjugate. Cancer Res. (1998) 58:2404-2409.
57. SABBATINI P, BROWN J, PETERS WA et al.: Phase I/II study of CT-2103 (Xyotax) in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S130 (Abstract #430).
58. TARABOLETTI G, MICHELETTI G, RIEPPI M et al.: Antiangiogenic and antitumor activity of IDN 5390, a new taxane derivative. Clin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8(4):1182-1188. Preclinical study that separates the anti-angiogenic from the antiproliferative effects of taxanes.
59. BERNACKI R, VREDENBURG M, KANER P et al.: IDN-5390, an orally active, antiangiogenic taxoid with low toxicity, ideally suited for metronomic dosing. Eur. J. Cancer(2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S37-S38 (Abstract #109).
60. BEERAM M, HIDALGO M, RODRIGUEZ G et al.: A Phase I and pharmacokinetic (PK) study of the novel taxane BMS 184476 administered as a 1-hour intravenous (IV) infusion weekly. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. (2001):421.
61. MCDAID HM, MANI S, SHEN HJ et al.: Validation of the pharmacodynamics of BMS-247550, an analogue of epothilone B, during a Phase I clinical study. Clin. Cancer Res. (2002) 8(7):2035-2043. Example of pharmacodynamic data that may guide the development of these drugs during Phase I and II studies.
62. AWADA A, JONES S, PICCART M et al.: Final results of the Phase I study of the novel epothilone BMS-247550 administered weekly in patients with advanced solid tumors. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S41 (Abstract #122).
63. KAYE S, OZA A, GORE M et al.: Preliminary results from a Phase II trial of EPO906 in patients with advanced refractory ovarian cancer. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S43 (Abstract #127).
64. O'LEARY J, MUGGIA FM: Clinical oncology update: camptothecins: a review of their development and schedules of administration. Eur. J. Cancer (1998) 34:1500-1508.
65. GERSHENSON D: Irinotecan in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncology (2002) 16(Suppl.):29-31.
66. NATELSON EA, GIOVANELLA BC, VERSCHRAEGEN CF et al.: Phase I clinical and pharmacological studies of 20-(S)-camptothecin and 20-(S)-9-nitrocamptothecin as anticancer agents. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. (1996) 803:224-230.
67. ROWINSKY EK, JOHNSON TR, GEYER CE et al.: DX8591f (Exetecan Mesylate): a hexacyclic camptothecin analog on a daily x 5 schedule: a Phase I and pharmacokinetic study in advanced solid malignancies. J. Clin. Oncol. (2001) 19:1493-1500.
68. DE CESARE M, PRATESI G, PEREGO P et al.: Potent antitumor activity and improved pharmacological profile of ST1481, a novel 7-substituted camptothecin. Cancer Res. (2001) 61:7189-7195. A thorough description of the relevance of schedule and bioavailability on the activity of topoisomerase I inhibitors.
69. ABOU-ALFA G, LENZI R, MANI S et al.: A Phase I/II study of DX-8951f and gemcitabine in advanced solid tumor malignancies. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S46-S47 (Abstract #141).
70. EMERSON DL, BENDELE RA, BROWN E et al.: Antitumor efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of NX211: a low clearance liposomal formulation of lurtotecan. Clin. Cancer Res. (2000) 6:2903-2912. A prototype of developing liposomal topoisomerase I inhibitors.
71. OGAWA M, MIYAMOTO H, INAGAKI J et al.: Phase I clinical trial of a new anthracycline: 4′-O-tetrahydropyranyl adriamycin. Invest. New Drugs (1983) 1:169-179.
72. SWEATMAN TW, PARKER RF, ISRAEL M: Pharmacologic rationale for intravesical N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate (AD32): a preclinical study. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. (1991) 28:1-6.
73. CAPONIGRO F, WILLEMSE P, SORIO R et al.: A Phase II study of MEN-10755 in patients with advanced or metastatic ovarian cancer. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S18 (Abstract #42).
74. QUINTIERI L, ROSSI E, SAGGIORO D et a.: Cellular pharmacology of PNU-159682, a liver microsomal metabolite of methoxymorpholinyl doxorubicin (Nemorubicin; MMDX). Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S19 (Abstract #46).
75. KRAPCHO AP, LANDI JJ, HACKER MP, MCCORMACK JJ: Synthesis and antineoplastic evaluation of 5,8-bis[(aminoalkyl)amino]-1-aza-anthracene-9,10-diones. J. Med. Chem. (1985) 28:1124-1126.
76. MUGGIA FM, BLESSING JA, HOMESLEY HD, SOROSKY J: Tomudex (ZD1694, NSC 639186) in platinum-pretreated recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: a Phase II study by the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. (1998) 42:68-70.
77. BENEPAL T, PYLE L, BATE S et al.: A pharmacokinetic (PK) Phase I (PI) study of ZD9331 and carboplatin in relapsed ovarian cancer with a pharmacodynamic endpoint. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S24 (Abstract #64).
78. COLOMBO N, SESSA C, PEROTTI A et al.: Phase II study of 3-hour infusion ET743 in patients with refractory/relapsing ovarian cancer. Cancer Invest. (2003) (Suppl. for Chemotherapy Foundation November 2002 Symposium).
79. D'INCALCI M, COLOMBO T, GIAVAZZI G et al.: In human tumor xenografts the resistance to ET-743 or to cisplatin can be overcome by giving the two drugs in combination. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S34 (Abstract #99).
80. KAVANAGH JJ, KUDELKA A, SPRIGGS DR et al.: Phase II study of TLK286 (GST P1-1 activated glutathione analog) in patients with platinum and paclitaxel refractory/resistant advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (Abstract). (2002) Eur. J. Cancer 38(Suppl. 7):S34-S35 (Abstract #100).
81. KELNER MJ, MCMORRIS TC: Irofulven is synergistic with multiple chemotherapeutic agents. Proc. Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. (2002) 43:60 (Abstract #304).
82. JACKMAN AL, VALENTI MR, BRUNTON LA et al.: CB300919, a quinazoline-based antitumour agent with high activity in the CH1 human ovarian tumor xenograft. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S18 (Abstract #41).
83. HOFFMAN MA, BLESSING J, MORGAN M: Phase II trial of CI-958 in recurrent platinum-refractory ovarian carcinoma. Gynecol. Oncol. (2000) 81:463-465. Little activity for benzothiopyranoindazoles DNA intercalators in this clinical setting.
84. BANERJI U, WALTON M, JUDSON I, WORKMAN P: Combination of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) chaperone inhibitor 17-allylamino, 17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG) and conventional cytotoxic agents in an ovarian cancer cell line model. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S52 (Abstract #161).
85. JAYSON GC, ZWEIT J, JACKSON A et al.: Molecular imaging and biological evaluation of HuMV833 anti-VEGF antibody: implications for trial design of antiangiogenic antibodies. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Biological Therapeutic Development Group. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (2002) 94(19):1484-1493.
86. SEWELL JM, MACLEOD KG, RITCHIE A, SMYTH JF, LANGDON SP: Targeting the EGF receptor in ovarian cancer with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD 1839 ('Iressa'). Br. J. Cancer (2002) 86(3):456-462.
87. ALBANELL J, ROJO F, AVERBUCH S et al.: Pharmacodynamic studies of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor ZD1839 in skin from cancer patients: histopathologic and molecular consequences of receptor inhibition. J. Clin. Oncol. (2002) 20:110-124.
88. BASELGA J, PFISTER D, COOPER MR et al.: Phase I studies of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor chimeric antibody C225 alone and in combination with cisplatin. J. Clin. Oncol. (2000) 19:3267-3279.
89. TABERNERO J, ROJO F, JIMENEZ E et al.: A Phase I pharmacokinetic (PK) and serial tumor and skin pharmacodynamic (PD) study of weekly, every 2 weeks or every 3 weeks 1-hour infusion EMD72000, a humanized monoclonal anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody, in patients with advanced tumors known to overexpress the EGFR. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S69-S70 (Abstract #216).
90. MITA A, FOROUZESH B, HIDALGO M et al.: Phase I, pharmacokinetic (PK), and biological studies of the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) inhibitor OSI-774 (Erlotinib or Tarceva) in combination with docetaxel. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S53 (Abstract #166).
91. GILBERT S, SCHAECHTELE C, WEINBERGER H, REISSMAN T: Functional characterization of novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Her2 inhibitors based on pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidinone structure. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S62-S63 (Abstract #199).
92. BAILEY H, THOMAS J, MARNOCHA R et al.: A Phase I study of weekly BMS-214662, a novel farnesyl:protein transferase inhibitor, combined with weekly paclitaxel. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S55 (Abstract #172).
93. DENKERT C, KOCH I, GURSTENBERG A et al.: Regulation and function of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in ovarian carcinoma cells. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S86 (Abstract #279).
94. BARTZ R, ULLRICH S, SCHMALIX WA et al.: First dose in man Phase I study of the anti-metastatic uPA inhibitor WX-UK1. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S75-S76 (Abstract #238).
95. SPINELLA F, ROSANO L, DI CASTRO V et al.: Blockade of endothelin A receptor by ABT 627 suppresses tumor growth, neovascularization and potentiates cytotoxic paclitaxel activity in ovarian cancer cell in vitro and in vivo. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S99-S100 (Abstract #330).
96. DI NICOLANTONIO F, PRIN A, MILLS L et al.: The effect of MDR1 on the ex vivo activity of XR5944 (MLN944) and XR11576 (MLN576), two novel DNA targeting agents. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S32 (Abstract #90).
97. MULATERO C, GAYSON G, WAGSTAFF J et al.: Phase I safety, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of recombinant human anti-VEGF antibody HuMVb33 in patients with advanced cancer. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S80 (Abstract #253).
98. GERARD G, FOY T, BAUDSON N et al.: Active and protective immunity induced by a protein based vaccine targeting the Her2/neu oncogenic protein. Eur. J. Cancer (2002) 38(Suppl. 7):S138 (Abstract #459).
99. GANESAN T, MADHUSUDAN S, BRAYBROOKE J et al.: A Phase II trial of etanecerpt, a tumour necrosis factor-a inhibitor in recurrent ovarian cancer. Eur. J. Cancer 38(Suppl. 7):S140 (Abstract #467).
100. BROWNE MK, MACKENZIE M, DOYLE PJ: A controlled trial of taurolin in established bacterial peritonitis. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. (1978) 146:721-724.
101. DEDRICK RL, MYERS CE, BUNGAY PM, DEVITA VT JR: Pharmacokinetic rationale for peritoneal drug administration in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat. Rep. (1978) 62(1):1-11. Classic paper on intraperitoneal drug delivery.
102. DEDRICK RE, FLESSNER MF: Pharmacokinetic problems in peritoneal drug administration: tissue penetration and surface exposure. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. (1997) 89(7):480-487.
103. SUGARBAKER PH, CUNLIFFE WJ, BELLIVEAU J et al.: Rationale for integrating early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy into the surgical treatment of gastrointestinal cancer. Semin. Oncol. (1989) 16(Suppl. 6):83-97.
104. MUGGIA F: Chemotherapy for refractory epithelial ovarian cancer. In: Gynecologic cancer: controversies in management. Gershenson D & McGuire W (Eds). Submitted 2003:Chapter 33.