Shift worker performance

Clinics in Occupational and Environmental Medicine

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 209-229

  Monk, Timothy H ^a   Carrier, Julie ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAFFEINE; HYDROCORTISONE; MELATONIN;

ALERTNESS; AWARENESS; BODY TEMPERATURE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; HOMEOSTASIS; HORMONE BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; JOB PERFORMANCE; LIGHT EXPOSURE; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; OCCUPATIONAL ACCIDENT; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD; PATIENT EDUCATION; PRODUCTIVITY; REVIEW; SHIFT WORKER; SHORT TERM MEMORY; SLEEP DEPRIVATION; SOCIAL ASPECT; WORK ENVIRONMENT; WORKLOAD;

EID: 0038298220     PISSN: 15260046     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1526-0046(03)00037-2     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Dawson D, Reid K. Fatigue, alcohol and performance impairment [letter]. Nature 1997;388:235.
2. Monk TH, Folkard S, Wedderburn AI. Maintaining safety and high performance on shift work. Appl. Ergon 1996;27:17-23.
3. Folkard S, Monk TH. Shiftwork and performance. Hum Factors 1979;21:483-92.
4. Folkard S. Black times: temporal determinants of transport safety. Accid Anal Prev 1997; 29:417-30.
5. Aschoff J. Circadian rhythms in man. Science 1965;148:1427-32.
6. Colquhoun WP. Biological rhythms and human performance. London: Academic Press; 1971.
7. Knauth P, Rutenfranz J. Experimental shift work studies of permanent night, and rapidly rotating, shift systems. I. Circadian rhythm of body temperature and re-entramment at shift change. Int J Occup Environ Health 1976;37:125-37.
8. Dinges DF, Pack F, Williams K, Gillen KA, Powell JW, Ott GE, et al. Cumulative sleepiness, mood disturbance, and psychomotor vigilance performance decrements during a week of sleep restricted to 4-5 hours per night. Sleep 1997;20:267.
9. Johnson MP, Duffy JF, Dijk DJ, Ronda JM, Dyal CM, Czeisler CA. Short-term memory, alertness and performance: a reappraisal of their relationship to body temperature. J Sleep Res 1992;1:24-9.
10. Monk TH, Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Berga SL, Jarrett D, Begley A, et al. Circadian rhythms in human performance and mood under constant conditions. J Sleep Res 1997;6:9-18.
11. Walsh JK, Schweitzer PK, Anch AM, Muehlbach MJ, Jenkins NA, Dickins QS. Sleepiness/alertness on a simulated night shift following steep at home with triazolam. Sleep 1991;14: 140-6.
12. Monk TH. Circadian aspects of subjective sleepiness: a behavioural messenger? In: Monk TH, editor. Sleep, sleepiness and performance. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1991. p. 39-63.
13. Lavie P. The search for cycles in mental performance from Lombard to Kleitman. Chronobiologia 1980;7:247-56.
14. Kleitman N, Jackson DP. Body temperature and performance under different routines. J Appl Physiol 1950;3:309-28.
15. Colquhoun WP. Circadian variations in mental efficiency. In: Colquhoun WP, editor. Biological rhythms and human performance. London: Academic Press; 1971. p. 39-107.
16. Blake MJF. Time of day effects on performance in a range of tasks. Psychonom Sci 1967; 9:349-50.
17. Folkard S. Diurnal variation in logical reasoning. Br J Psychol 1975;66:1-8.
18. Folkard S, Monk TH. Circadian rhythms in human memory. Br J Psychol 1980;71:295-307.
19. Laird DA. Relative performance of college students as conditioned by time of day and day of week. J Exp Psychol 1925;8:50-63.
20. Folkard S. Time of day and level of processing. Mem Cogn 1979;7:247-52.
21. Baddeley AD. Short-term memory for word sequences as a function of acoustic, semantic and formal similarity. Q J Exp Psychol 1966;18:362-5.
22. Monk TH. The interaction between the edge effect and target conspicuity in visual search. Hum Factors 1981;23:615-25.
23. Folkard S. Circadian performance rhythms: some practical and theoretical implications. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 1990;327:543-53.
24. Zaidel E. Disconnection syndrome as a model for lateralety effects in the normal brain. In: Hellige JB, editor. Cerebral hemisphere asymmetry. New York: Praeguer; 1983. p. 95-151.
25. Corbera X, Grau C, Vendrell P. Diurnal oscillations in hemispheric performance. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1993;15:300-10.
26. May CP, Hasher L. Synchronony effects in inhibition control over thoughts and actions. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 1998;24:363-79.
27. Monk TH, Moline ML, Fookson JE, Peetz SM. Circadian determinants of subjective alertness. J Biol Rhythms 1989;4:393-404.
28. Monk TH, Weitzman ED, Fookson JE, Moline ML, Kronauer RE, Gander PH. Task variables determine which biological clock controls circadian rhythms in human performance. Nature 1983;304:543-5.
29. Folkard S, Akerstedt T. A three-process model of the regulation of alertness-sleepiness. In: Broughton RJ, Ogilvie RD, editors. Sleep, arousal, and performance: a tribute to Bob Wilkinson. Boston: Birkhauser; 1992. p. 11-26.
30. Dijk D-J, Duffy JF, Czeisler CA. circadian and sleep/wake dependent aspects of subjective alertness and cognitive performance. J Sleep Res 1992;1:112-7.
31. Babkoff H, Mikulincer M, Caspy T, Kempinski D, Sing H. The topology of performance curves during 72 hours of sleep loss: a memory and search task. Q J Exp Psychol 1988;40:737-56.
32. Monk TH, Carrier J. Speed of mental processing in the middle of the night. Sleep 1997;20: 399-401.
33. Monk TH. Circadian rhythm. Clin Ger Med 1989;5:331-46.
34. Monk TH, Carrier J. A parallelism between human body temperature and performance independent of the endogenous circadian pacemaker. J Biol Rhythms 1998;13:113-22.
35. Monk TH, Leng VC, Folkard S, Weitzman ED. Circadian rhythms in subjective alertness and core body temperature. Chronobiologia 1983;10:49-55.
36. Folkard S, Monk TH. The measurement of circadian rhythms in psychological functioning. In: Scheving LE, Halberg F, Ehret CF, editors. Chronobiotechnology and chronobiological engineering. Dordrecht the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1987. p. 189-201.
37. Froberg JE. Twenty-four-hour patterns in human performance, subjective and physiological variables and differences between morning and evening active subjects. Biol Psychol 1977;5: 119-34.
38. Monk TH, Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Jarrett D, Kupfer DJ. Rhythmic vs homeostatic influences on mood, activation, and performance in young and old men. J Geront Psych Sci 1992;47:221-7.
39. Akerstedt T, Torsvall L, Gillberg M. Sleepiness in shiftwork: a review with emphasis on continuous monitoring of EEG and EOG. Chronobiol Int 1987;4:129-40.
40. Cajochen C, Brunner DP, Krauchi K, Graw P, Wirz-Justice A. Power density in theta/alpha frequencies of the waking EEG progressively increases during sustained wakefulness. Sleep 1995;18:890-4.
41. Cajochen C, Khalsa SB, Wyatt JK, Czeisler CA, Dijk DJ. EEG and ocular correlates of circadian melatonin phase and human performance decrements during sleep loss. Am J Physiol 1999;277:R640-9.
42. Dumont M, Macchi MM, Carrier J, Lafrance C, Hebert M. Time course of narrow frequency bands in the waking EEG during sleep deprivation. Neuroreport 1999;10:403-7.
43. Akerstedt T, Gillberg M. Subjective and objective sleepiness in the active individual. Int J Neurosci 1990;52:29-37.
44. Aeschbach D, Matthews JR, Postolache TT, Jackson MA, Giesen HA, Wehr TA. Two circadian rhythms in the human electroencephalogram during wakefulness. Am J Physiol 1999;277: R1771-9.
45. Finelli LA, Baumann H, Borbely AA, Achermann P. Dual electroencephalogram markers of human sleep homeostasis: correlation between theta activity in waking and slow-wave activity in sleep. Neuroscience 2000;101:523-9.
46. Wever RA. The circadian system of man: results of experiments under temporal isolation. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1979.
47. Patkai P. Interindividual differences in diurnal variations in alertness, performance, and adrenaline excretion. Acta Physiol Scand 1971;81:35-46.
48. Akerstedt T, Gillberg M, Wetterberg L. The circadian covariation of fatigue and urinary melatonin. Biol Psychiatry 1982;17:547-52.
49. Kleitman N. Sleep and wakefulness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1963.
50. Rutenfranz J, Aschoff J, Mann H. The effects of a cumulative sleep deficit, duration of preceding sleep period and body temperature on multiple choice reaction time. In: Colquhoun WP, editor. Aspects of human efficiency. London: English Universities Press; 1972. p. 217-29.
51. Fort A, Harrison MT, Mills JN. Psychometric performance: circadian rhythms and effect of raising body temperature. J Physiol 1973;231:114-5.
52. Folkard S, Akerstedt T, MacDonald I, Tucker F, Spencer MB. Beyond the three-process model of alertness: estimating phase, time on shift, and successive night effects. J Biol Rhythms 1999; 14:577-87.
53. Jewett ME, Kronauer RE. Interactive mathematical models of subjective alertness and cognitive throughput in humans. J Biol Rhythms 1999;14:588-97.
54. Achermann P, Borbely AA. Simulation of daytime vigilance by the additive interaction of a homeostatic and a circadian process. Biol Cybern 1994;71:115-21.
55. Wyatt JK, Cecco AR, Czeisler CA, Dijk DJ. Circadian temperature and melatonin rhythms, sleep, and neurobehavioral function in humans living on a 20-h day. Am J Physiol 1999;277: R1152-63.
56. Achermann P. Technical note: a problem with identifying nonlinear interactions of circadian and homeostatic processes. J Biol Rhythms 1999;14:602-3.
57. Dijk DJ, Jewett ME, Czeisler CA, Kronauer RE. Reply to technical note: nonlinear interactions between circadian and homeostatic processes: models or metrics? J Biol Rhythms 1999;14: 604-5.
58. Akerstedt T, Folkard S. The three-process model of alertness and its extension to performance, sleep latency, and sleep length. Chronobiol Int 1997;14:115-23.
59. Owens DS, MacDonald I, Tucker P, Sytnik N, Minors D, Waterhouse J, et al. Diurnal trends in mood and performance do not all parallel alertness. Scand J Work Environ Health 1998; 24(suppl):109-14.
60. Carrier J, Monk TH, Reynolds CFI, Buysse DJ, Kupfer DJ. Are age differences in sleep due to phase differences, in the output of the circadian timing system? Chronobiol Int 1999;16:79-91.
61. Lavie P. The 24-hour sleep propensity function (SPF): practical and theoretical implications. In: Monk TH, editor. Sleep, sleepiness and performance. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons; 1991. p. 65-93.
62. Dijk DJ, Shanahan TL, Duffy JF, Ronda JM, Czeisler CA. Variation of electroencephalographic activity during non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep with phase of circadian melatonin rhythm in humans. J Physiol 1997;505:851-8.
63. Dijk DJ, Czeisler CA. Paradoxical timing of the circadian rhythm of sleep propensity serves to consolidate sleep and wakefulness in humans. Neurosci Lett 1994; 166:63-8.
64. Czeisler CA, Weitzman ED, Moore-Ede MC, Zimmerman JC, Knauer RS. Human sleep: its duration and organization depend on its circadian phase. Science 1980;210:1264-7.
65. Zulley J, Wever R, Aschoff J. The dependence of onset and duration of sleep on the circadian rhythm of rectal temperature. Pflugers Arch 1981;391:314-8.
66. Wilkinson RT, Edwards RS. Stable hours and varied work as aids to efficiency. Psychonom Sci 1968;4:205-6.
67. Pilcher JJ, Huffcutt AI. Effects of sleep deprivation on performance: a meta-analysis. Sleep 1996;19:318-26.
68. De Valck E, Cluydts R. Slow-release caffeine as a countermeasure to driver sleepiness induced by partial sleep deprivation. J Sleep Res 2001;10:203-9.
69. Tepas DI, Monk TH. Work schedules. In: Salvendy G, editor. Handbook of human factors. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1987. p. 819-43.
70. Monk TH, Wagner JA. Social factors can outweigh biological ones in determining night shift safety. Hum Factors 1989;31:721-4.
71. Smith L, Folkard S, Poole CJM. Increased injuries on night shift. Lancet 1994;344:1137-9.
72. Novak RD, Auvil-Novak SE. Focus group evaluation of night nurse shiftwork difficulties and coping strategies. Chronobiol Int 1996;13:457-63.
73. White L, Keith B. The effect of shift work on the quality and stability of marital relations. J Marriage and Family 1990;52:453-62.
74. Lauber JK, Kayten PJ. Keynote address: sleepiness, circadian dysrhythmia, and fatigue in transportation system accidents. Sleep 1988;11:503-12.
75. Monk TH. What can the chronobiologist do to help the shift worker? J Biol Rhythms 2000; 15:86-94.
76. Knauth P. The design of shift systems. Ergonomics 1993;36:3-13.
77. Daly JW, Padgett WL, Shamim MT. Analogues of caffeine and theophylline: effects of structural alterations on affinity at adenosine receptors. J Med Chem 1986;29:1305-8.
78. Strecker RE, Morairty S, Thakkar MM, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Basheer R, Dauphin LJ, et al. Adenosinergic modulation of basal forebrain and preoptic/anterior hypothalamic neuronal activity in the control of behavioral state. Behav Brain Res 2000;115:183-204.
79. Porkka-Heiskanen T, Strecker RE, Thakkar M, Bjorkum AA, Greene RW, McCarley RW. Adenosine: a mediator of the sleep-inducing effects of prolonged wakefulness. Science 1997; 276:1265-8.
80. Portas CM, Thakkar M, Rainnie DG, Greene RW, McCarley RW. Role of adenosine in behavioral state modulation: a microdialysis study in the freely moving cat. Neuroscience 1997; 79:225-35.
81. Porkka-Heiskanen T. Adenosine in sleep and wakefulness [review]. Ann Med 1999;31:125-9.
82. Penetar D, McCann U, Thorne D, Kamimori G, Galinski C, Sing H, et al. Caffeine reversal of sleep deprivation effects on alertness and mood. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1993;112:359-65.
83. Bryant CA, Farmer A, Tiplady B, Jacobs D, Sherwood R, Swift CG, et al. Psychomotor performance: investigating the dose-response relationship for caffeine and theophylline in elderly volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmocol 1998;54:309-13.
84. Durlach PJ. The effects of a low dose of caffeine on cognitive performance. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1998;140:116-9.
85. Lorist MM, Snel J. Caffeine effects on perceptual and motor processes. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1997;102:401-13.
86. Lieberman HR, Wurtman RJ, Emde GG, Roberts C, Coviella IL. The effects of low doses of caffeine on human performance and mood. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1987;92:308-12.
87. Lagarde D, Batejat D, Sicard B, Trocherie S, Chassard D, Enslen M, et al. Slow-release caffeine: a new response to the effects of a limited sleep deprivation. Sleep 2000;23:651-61.
88. Hasenfratz M, Battig K. Acute dose-effect relationships of caffeine and mental performance, EEG, cardiovascular and subjective parameters. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1994;114:281-7.
89. Muehlbach MJ, Walsh JK. The effects of caffeine on simulated night-shift work and subsequent daytime sleep. Sleep 1995;18:22-9.
90. Campbell SS, Dawson D. Enhancement of nighttime alertness and performance with bright ambient light. Physiol Behav 1990;48:317-20.
91. Myers BL, Badia P. Immediate effects of different light intensities on body temperature and alertness. Physiol Behav 1993;54:199-202.
92. Daurat A, Aguirre A, Foret J, Gonnet P, Keromes A, Benoit O. Bright light affects alertness and performance rhythms during a 24-h constant routine. Physiol Behav 1993;53:929-36.
93. Dawson D, Encel N, Lushington K. Improving adaptation to simulated night shift: timed exposure to bright light versus daytime melatonin administration. Sleep 1995;18:11-21.
94. Wrigh Jr. KP, Badia P, Myers BL, Plenzer SC. Combination of bright light and caffeine as a countermeasure for impaired alertness and performance during extended sleep deprivation. J Sleep Res 1997;6:26-35.
95. Lavoie S, Paquet J, Rufiange M, Dodier Y, Dumont M. Vigilance levels during and after bright light exposure in the nightime, Abstracts of the Eighth Meeting for Research on Biological Rhythms 2002; 102.
96. Cajochen C, Zeitzer JM, Czeisler CA, Dijk DJ. Dose-response relationship for light intensity and ocular and electroencephalographic correlates of human alertness. Behav Brain Res 2000;115:75-83.
97. Daurat A, Foret J, Touitou Y, Benoit O. Detrimental influence of bright light exposure on alertness, performance, and mood in the early morning. Neurophysiol Clin 1996;26:8-14.
98. Daurat A, Foret J, Benoit O, Mauco G. Bright light during nighttime: effects on the circadian regulation of alertness and performance. Biol Signals Recept 2000;9:309-18.
99. Campbell SS. Effects of timed bright-light exposure on shift-work adaptation in middle-aged subjects. Sleep 1995;18:408-16.
100. Costa G, Ghirlanda G, Minors DS, Waterhouse JM. Effect of bright light on tolerance to night work. Scand J Work Environ Health 1993;19:414-20.
101. Burnick LD, Lerman SE, Nicolich MJ. An evaluation of scheduled bright light and darkness on rotating shiftworkers: trials and limitations. Am J Ind Med 1995;27:771-82.