Safety of an astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis algal extract: A randomized clinical trial

Journal of Medicinal Food

Volumn 6, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 51-56

  Spiller, Gene A ^a,b   Dewell, Antonella ^a,b  

^a Health Research and Studies Center ^*

^b Health Research and Studies Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; ASTAXANTHIN; CALCIUM; CAROTENOID; PROTEIN; SAFFLOWER OIL;

ADULT; AGED; ALGA; ARTICLE; BLOOD CELL COUNT; BLOOD CHEMISTRY; BLOOD PRESSURE; CALCIUM BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; EOSINOPHIL; FEMALE; HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NONHUMAN; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SAFETY;

ALGAE; CARTHAMUS TINCTORIUS; HAEMATOCOCCUS; HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS; PLUVIALIS;

EID: 0038288903     PISSN: 1096620X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/109662003765184741     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Turujman SA, Wamer WG, Wei RR, Albert RH: Rapid liquid chromatographic method to distinguish wild salmon from aquacultured salmon fed synthetic astaxanthin. J AOAC Int 1997;80:622-632.
2. Miki K: Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids. Pure Appl Chem 1991;63:141-146.
3. Shimidzu N, Goto M, Miki W: Carotenoids as singlet oxygen quenchers in marine organisms. Fisheries Science 1996;62:134-137.
4. Naguib Y: Antioxidant activities of astaxanthin and related carotenoids. J Agric Chem 2000;48:1150-1154.
5. O'Connor I, O'Brien N: Modulation of UVA light-induced oxidative stress by beta-carotene, lutein and astaxanthin in cultured fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 1998; 16:226-230.
6. U.S. Patent 5,527,533, June 18, 1996.
7. Murillo E: Hypercholesterolemic effect of canthaxanthin and astaxanthin in rats. Arch Latinooam Nutr 1992;42:409-413.
8. Tanaka T, Morishita Y, Suzui M, et al.: T, Okumura A, Mori H: Chemoprevention of mouse urinary bladder carcinogenesis by the naturally occurring carotenoids astaxanthin. Carcinogenesis 1994;15:15-19.
9. Tanaka T, Kawamori T, Ohnishi M, et al.: Suppression of azomethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis by dietary administration of naturally occurring xanthophylls astaxanthin and canthaxanthin during the postinitiation phase. Carcinogenesis 1995;16:2957-2963.
10. Bendich A: Carotenoids and the immune response. J Nutr 1989;119:112-115.
11. Jyonouchi H, Sun S, Gross MD: Astaxanthin, a carotenoid without vitamin a activity, augments antibody responses in cultures including T-helper cell clones and suboptimal doses of antigen. J Nutr 1995; 125:2483-2492.
12. Jyonouchi H, Sun S, Mizokami M, Gross MD: Effects of various carotenoids on cloned, effector stage T-helper cell activity. Nutr Cancer 1996;26:313-324.
13. Nishikawa Y, Minenaka Y, Ichimura M: Physiological and biochemical effects of carotenoid (beta-carotene and astaxanthin) on rat. Kashien Daigaku Kiyo 1997;25:19-25.