Microwear analysis of early Neolithic (PPNA) axes and bifacial tools from Netiv Hagdud in the Jordan Valley, Israel

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 30, Issue 8, 2003, Pages 1051-1066

  Yerkes, Richard W ^a   Barkai, Ran ^b   Gopher, Avi ^b   Yosef, Ofer Bar ^c  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^c HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Microwear; Neolithic crafts; Netiv Hagdud; PPNA; Sultanian; Tranchet axes

Indexed keywords

NEOLITHIC; TOOL USE; WEAR;

ISRAEL; NETIV HAGDUD;

EID: 0038268768     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0305-4403(03)00007-4     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. M.S. Aldenderfer, L.R. Kimball, A. Sievert, Microwear analysis in the Maya Lowlands: the use of functional data in a complex-society setting, Journal of Field Archaeology 16 (1989) 47 60.
2. P.C. Anderson, Harvesting of wild cereals during the Natufian as seen from experimental cultivation and harvest of wild einkorn wheat and microwear analysis of stone tools, in: O. Bar-Yosef. F.R. Valla (Eds.), The Natufian Culture in the Levant. International Monographs in Prehistory. Archaeological Series 1. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1991, pp. 522 556.
3. P.C. Anderson, Experimental cultivation, harvest, and threshing of wild cereals and their relevance for interpreting the use of Epipaleolithic and Neolithic artifacts, in: P.C. Anderson (Ed.). Préhistoire de l'agriculture: nouvelles approches expérimentales et ethnographiques. C.N.R.S, Paris, 1992, pp. 179 209.
4. P.C. Anderson, History of harvesting and threshing techniques for cereals in the prehistoric Near East, in: A.B. Damania, J. Valkoun. G. Willcox, C.O. Qualset (Eds.). The Origins of Agriculture and Crop Domestication. ICARDA, Aleppo, 1998. pp. 145 159.
5. N. Ashton, Tranchet axe manufacture from Cliffe. Kent. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 54 (1988) 315 333.
6. O. Bar-Yosef, Earliest food producers Pre Pottery Neolithic, in: T.E. Levy (Ed.). The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land. Leicester University Press, London, 1995, pp. 190 204.
7. O. Bar-Yosef, A. Gopher, An Early Neolithic Village in the Jordan Valley. Part I: The Arhaeology of Netiv Hagdud, American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 43, Peabody Museum. Harvard University, Cambridge, 1997.
8. O. Bar-Yosef, A. Gopher, D. Nadel, The 'Hagdud truncation' a new tool type from the Sultanian Industry at Netiv Hagdud, the Jordan Valley, Mitekufat Haeven 20 (1987) 151 157.
9. O. Bar-Yosef, A. Gopher, E. Tchernov, M.E. Kislev, Netiv Hagdud: an early Neolithic village site in the Jordan Valley, Journal of Field Archaeology 18 (1991) 405 424.
10. R. Barkai, Resharpening and recycling of flint bifacial tools from the Southern Levant Neolithic and Chalcolithic, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 65 (1999) 303 318.
11. R. Barkai, flint and stone axes as cultural markers: socio-economic changes as reflected in the Holocene flint tool industries of the southern Levant, PhD dissertation, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 2000.
12. R. Barkai, Make my axe: flint bifacial tools production and resharpening at the EPPNB site Nahal Lavan 109, in: I. Caneva, C. Lemorini, D. Zampetti, P. Biagi (Eds.), Beyond Tools: Redefining the PPN Lithic assemblages of the Levant, Studies in Early Near Eastern Production. Subsistence and Environment 9, ex oriente e. V. Berlin, 2001, pp. 73 92.
13. R. Barkai, PPNA Stone and Flint Axes as Cultural Markers: Technological, Functional, and Symbolic Aspects, Proceedings of the Neo-Lithics meeting in Nigde, Turkey, 2003 (in press).
14. F. Bordes, The Old Stone Age. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968.
15. R.A. Boydston, A cost benefit study of functionally similar tools. in: R. Torrence (Ed.), Time, Energy, and Stone Tools, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989, pp. 67 77.
16. J. Bueller, A Microwear Analysis of sampled borers from Netiv Hagdud, a PPNA settlement in the Jordan Valley, in: O.M.C. Haux, H.H. Cuvers, P.M.M.G. Akkermans (Eds.), To the Euphrates and Beyond: Archaeological Studies in Honor of Maurits N. van Loon, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, 1989, pp. 21 28.
17. I. Clemente, J.F. Gibaja, Working processes on cereals: an approach through microwear analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 25 (1988) 457 464.
18. C.R. Cobb, An appraisal of the role of Mill Creek chert hoes in Mississippian exchange systems. Southeastern Archaeology 8 (1989) 79 92.
19. E. Coqueugniot, Oueli: le travail de l'obsidienne et des roches silicieuses à l'époque d'Obeid (campagnes de 1987 et 1989), in: J-L. Hout (Ed.), Oueli: Traveaux de 1987 et 1989, ERC, Paris, 1996, pp. 289 306.
20. D.E. Crabtree, An Introduction to Flintworking, Occasional Papers of the Idaho State University Museum, Idaho State University Museum, Pocatello, Idaho, 28, 1972, pp. 1-98.
21. J. Crowfoot Payne, The flint industries of Jericho, in: K.M. Kenyon, T.A. Holland (Eds.), Excavations at Jericho V: The Pottery Phases of the Tell and Other Finds, British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem, London, 1983, pp. 622-765.
22. A. David, G. Williams-Thorpe, Stone axe-head manufacture: new evidence from the Presèli Hills, west Wales, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 61 (1995) 433-460.
23. F.P. Dickson, Australian Stone Hatchets: A Study in Design and Dynamics, Academic Press, Sydney, 1981.
24. L.M. Gaertner, Microwear analysis of Dalton 'wood working adzes' from Early Archaic sites in northeastern Arkansas, BA Honors thesis, Ohio State University, Columbus, 1990.
25. L.M. Gaertner, Determining the function of Dalton Adzes from northeast Arkansas, Lithic Technology 19 (1994) 97-109.
26. J. Gardiner, Flint procurement and Neolithic axe production on the South Downs: a re-assessment, Oxford Journal of Archaeology 9 (1990) 119-140.
27. A.L. van Gijn, The Wear and Tear of Flint: Principles of Microwear Analysis Applied to Dutch Neolithic Assemblages, Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia 22, University of Leiden, 1990.
28. A. Gopher, Arrowheads of the Neolithic Levant, Eisenbrauns, Winnona Lake, 1991.
29. P.V. Hansen, B. Madsen, Flint axe manufacture in the Neolithic, an experimental investigation of a flint axe manufacturing site at Hastrup Vaenget, East Zealand, Journal of Danish Archaeology 2 (1983) 43-59.
30. B. Hayden, Tools as optimal solutions, in: R. Torrence (Ed.), Time, Energy, and Stone Tools, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989, pp. 7-16.
31. D.L. Holmes, The flint axes of Nagada, Egypt: analysis and assessment of a distinctive Predynastic tool type, Paléorient 16 (1990) 1-21.
32. J.J. Ibánez, J.E. González, A. Palomo, A. Ferrer, Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B lithic agricultural tools on the Middle Euphrates: the sites of Tell Mureybit and Tell Halula, in: A.B. Damania, J. Valkoun, G. Willcox, C.O. Qualset (Eds.), The Origins of Agriculture and Crop Domestication, ICARDA, Aleppo, 1998, pp. 132-144.
33. M.-L. Inizan, H. Roche, J. Tixier, Technology of Knapped Stone, Préhistoire de la Pierre Taillée 3, C.R.E.P., C.N.R.S, Meudon, 1992.
34. J.K. Johnson, Lithic Procurement and Utilization Trajectories: Analysis, Yellow Creek Nuclear Power Plant Site, Tishomingo County, Mississippi, vol. 2. Archaeological Papers Center for Archaeological Research 1 and TVA Publications in Anthropology 28, University of Mississippi, 1981.
35. H. Juel Jensen, Flint Tools and Plant Working, Aarhus University Press, Aarhus, 1994.
36. P.N. Kardulias, R.W. Yerkes, Microwear and metric analysis of threshing sledge flints from Greece and Cyprus, Journal of Archaeological Science 23 (1996) 657-666.
37. L.H. Keeley, Experimental Determination of Stone Tool Uses: A Microwear Analysis, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1980.
38. L.H. Keeley, Microscopic examination of adzes, in: K.M. Kenyon, T.A. Holland (Eds.), Excavations at Jericho V: The Pottery Phases of the Tell and Other Finds, British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem, London, 1983, pp. 759.
39. L.H. Keeley, Neolithic novelties: the view from ethnography and microwear analysis, in: M.-C. Cauvin (Ed.), Traces d'ultilisation sur les outils néolithies du Proche-Orient, Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient 5, Maison de l'Orient, Lyon, 1983, pp. 251-256.
40. M.E. Kislev, Early agriculture and paleoecology of Netiv Hagdud, in: O. Bar-Yosef, A. Gopher (Eds.), An Early Neolithic Village in the Jordan Valley. Part I: The Archaeology of Netiv Hagdud. American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 43, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, 1997, pp. 209-236.
41. S. Lewenstein, Stone Tools at Ceros: The Ethnoarchaeological and Use-Wear Evidence, University of Texas Press, Austin, 1987.
42. P.A. McAnany, Stone-tool production and exchange in the eastern Maya Lowlands: the consumer perspective from Pulltrouser Swamp, Belize, American Antiquity 54 (1989) 332-344.
43. S.R. Mitchell, The woodworking tools of the Australian aborigines, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 89 (1959) 191-200.
44. D.F. Morse, An overview of the Dalton period in northeastern Arkansas and in the southeastern United States, in: D.F. Morse, P.A. Morse (Eds.), Sloan: A Paleoindian Dalton Cemetery in Arkansas, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1997, pp. 14-52.
45. D.F. Morse, P.A. Morse, Archaeology of the Central Mississippi Valley, Academic Press, New York, 1983.
46. D. Nadel, The chipped stone industry of Netiv Hagdud, in: O. Bar-Yosef, A. Gopher (Eds.), An Early Neolithic Village in the Jordan Valley. Part I: The Archaeology of Netiv Hagdud, American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 43, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, 1997, pp. 71-150.
47. H.G. Nami, Experimental approach to the manufacture of chipped and ground stone artifacts from the Túnel site, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, Lithic Technology 13 (1984) 102-107.
48. G.H. Odell, The mechanics of use-breakage of stone tools: some testable hypotheses, Journal of Field Archaeology 8 (1981) 197-209.
49. D.S. Olausson, Lithic technological analysis of the Thin Butted Axe, Acta Archaeologica 53 (1982) 1-88.
50. D.S. Olausson, Flint and Groundstone Axes in the Scanian Neolithic: An evaluation of raw materials based on experiment, Scripta Minora 1982-1983: 2, Royal Society of Letters at Lund, CWK Gleerup, Lund, 1983.
51. J. Radley, P. Mellars, A Mesolithic structure at Deepcar, Yorkshire, England, and the affinities of its associated flint industries, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 30 (1964) 1-24.
52. D.A. Roe, The Lower and Middle Paleolithic Periods in Britain, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1981.
53. S.A. Rosen, Lithics After the Stone Age, Alta Mira Press, Walnut Creek, 1997.
54. C.M. Scarry, Foraging and Farming in the Eastern Woodlands, University Press of Florida, Gainesville, 1993.
55. S.A. Semenov, Prehistoric Technology, Cory, Adams & Mackay, London, 1964.
56. H.J. Shafer, The tranchet technique in Lowland Maya lithic tool production. Lithic Technology 12 (1983) 57-68.
57. H.J. Shafer, A technological study of two Maya workshops at Colha, Belize, in: M.G. Plew, J.C. Woods, M.G. Pavesic (Eds.), Stone Tool Analysis: Essays in Honor of Don E. Crabtree, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, 1985, pp. 277-315.
58. H.J. Shafer, T.R. Hester, Ancient Maya chert workshops in northern Belize, Central America, American Antiquity 48 (1983) 519-543.
59. R. Singer, B.G. Gladfelter, J.J. Wymer, The Lower Paleolithic Site at Hoxne, England, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1993.
60. N.N. Skakun, Évolution des techniques agricoles en Bulgarie chalcolitique (d'après les analyses tracéologiques), in: P.C. Anderson (Ed.), Préhistoire de l'agriculture: nouvelles approches expérimentales et ethnographiques, C.N.R.S, Paris, 1992, pp. 289-303.
61. N.N. Skakun, Agricultural implements and the problem of spreading agriculture in southeastern Europe. Helinium 34 (1994) 294-305.
62. M. Stekelis, The Yarmukian Culture of the Neolithic Period, Magnes Press, Jerusalem, 1972.
63. E. Tchernov, The fauna of Netiv Hagdud: a summary, in: O. Bar-Yosef, A. Gopher (Eds.), An Early Neolithic Village in the Jordan Valley. Part I: The Archaeology of Netiv Hagdud, American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 43, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, 1997, pp. 237 245.
64. G.L. Titmus, J.C. Woods, An experimental study of projectile point fracture patterns, Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 8 (1986) 37 49.
65. N. Toth, D. Clark, G. Ligabue, The last stone ax makers, Scientific American 267 (1992) 88 93.
66. R. Unger-Hamilton, Method in Microwear Analysis, B.A.R. International Series 435, Oxford, 1988.
67. R. Unger-Hamilton, Natufian plant husbandry in the southern Levant and comparison with that of the Neolithic periods: the lithic perspective, in: O. Bar-Yosef, F.R. Valla (Eds.), The Natufian Culture in the Levant, International Monographs in Prehistory, Archaeological Series 1, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1991, pp. 483 521.
68. F.F. Wenben Smith, The use of canonical variates for determination of biface manufacturing technology at Boxgrove Lower Paleolithic site and the behavioural implications of this technology, Journal of Archaeological Science 16 (1989) 17 26.
69. J. Witthoft, Glazed polish on flint tools, American Antiquity 32 (1967) 383-388.
70. S. Yamada, Development of the Neolithic: lithic use-wear analysis of major tool types in the southern Levant. PhD dissertation. Harvard University, Cambridge, 2000.
71. R.W. Yerkes, Prehistoric Life on the Mississippi Floodplain: Stone Tool Use. Settlement Organization, and Subsistence Practices at the Labras Lake Site, Illinois, University of Chicago Press. Chicago, 1987.
72. R.W. Yerkes, Microwear analysis of a sample of Late Neolithic bifacial tools from the Nahal Zehora I and Nahal Zehora II sites in central Israel, in: A. Gopher (Ed.), Villages of the Pottery Neolithic Period in the Menashe Hills, Israel. Archaeological Investigations at the Nahal Zehora Sites, Monograph of the Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (in press).
73. R.W. Yerkes, Microwear analysis of Chalcolithic bifacial tools from Giveat Ha-Oranim site in central Israel, Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv (in press).
74. R.W. Yerkes, L.M. Gaertner, Microwear analysis of Dalton artifacts, in: D.F. Morse, P.A. Morse (Eds.), Sloan: A Paleoindian Dalton Cemetery in Arkansas, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1997, pp. 58 71.
75. R.W. Yerkes, P.N. Kardulias, Microwear analysis of threshing sledge flints from Cyprus and Greece: implications for the study of ancient agriculture, Helinium 34 (1994) 281-293.