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Volumn 65, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 179-215

Reclaiming the "F" word, or being and becoming postwestern

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Indexed keywords


EID: 0038252636     PISSN: 00308684     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3639983     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (249)
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    • For a sense of the sweep of this literature, see Simon Schama, "They All Laughed at Christopher Columbus," New Republic (Jan. 6 and 13, 1992), 20-40; Carry Wills, "Goodbye Columbus," New York Review of Books, XXXVIII (Nov. 21, 1991), 12-18; and James Axtell, "Moral Reflections on the Columbian Legacy," in Beyond 1492: Encounters in Colonial North America (New York, 1992), 241-266.
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    • (1990) Wilson Quarterly , vol.14 , pp. 70-86
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    • For a sampling of recent discussions, see Michael P. Malone, "Beyond the Last Frontier: Toward a New Approach to Western American History," Western Historical Quarterly, XX (1989), 408-436; Brian W. Dippie, "The Winning of the West Reconsidered," Wilson Quarterly, XIV (1990), 70-86; William G. Robbins, "Laying Siege to Western History: The Emergence of New Paradigms," Reviews in American History, XIX (1991), 313-332; Antonia I. Castañeda, "Women of Color and the Rewriting of Western History: The Discourse, Politics, and Decolonization of History," Pacific Historical Review, LXI (1992), 501-533; Gerald D. Nash, "Point of View: One Hundred Years of Western History," Journal of the West, XXXII (April 1993), 3-5; Susan Armitage, Elizabeth Jameson, and Joan Jensen, "The New Western History: Another Perspective," ibid. (July 1993), 5-6; Richard W. Etulain, "The New Western Historiography and the New Western History: Continuity and Change," ibid. (Oct. 1993), 3-4; William Deverell, "Fighting Words: The Significance of the American West in the History of the United States," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 185-206; Stephen Aron, "Lessons in Conquest: Towards a Greater Western History," Pacific Historical Review, LXIII (1994), 125-148; Michael Allen, "The 'New' Western History Stillborn," Historian, LVII (1994), 201-209; Susan Rhoades Neel, "A Place of Extremes: Nature, History, and the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 488-206; and John R. Wunder, "What's Old about the New Western History: Race and Gender, Part 1," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, LXXXV (1994), 50-58.
    • (1991) Reviews in American History , vol.19 , pp. 313-332
    • Robbins, W.G.1
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    • Women of Color and the Rewriting of Western History: The Discourse, Politics, and Decolonization of History
    • For a sampling of recent discussions, see Michael P. Malone, "Beyond the Last Frontier: Toward a New Approach to Western American History," Western Historical Quarterly, XX (1989), 408-436; Brian W. Dippie, "The Winning of the West Reconsidered," Wilson Quarterly, XIV (1990), 70-86; William G. Robbins, "Laying Siege to Western History: The Emergence of New Paradigms," Reviews in American History, XIX (1991), 313-332; Antonia I. Castañeda, "Women of Color and the Rewriting of Western History: The Discourse, Politics, and Decolonization of History," Pacific Historical Review, LXI (1992), 501-533; Gerald D. Nash, "Point of View: One Hundred Years of Western History," Journal of the West, XXXII (April 1993), 3-5; Susan Armitage, Elizabeth Jameson, and Joan Jensen, "The New Western History: Another Perspective," ibid. (July 1993), 5-6; Richard W. Etulain, "The New Western Historiography and the New Western History: Continuity and Change," ibid. (Oct. 1993), 3-4; William Deverell, "Fighting Words: The Significance of the American West in the History of the United States," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 185-206; Stephen Aron, "Lessons in Conquest: Towards a Greater Western History," Pacific Historical Review, LXIII (1994), 125-148; Michael Allen, "The 'New' Western History Stillborn," Historian, LVII (1994), 201-209; Susan Rhoades Neel, "A Place of Extremes: Nature, History, and the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 488-206; and John R. Wunder, "What's Old about the New Western History: Race and Gender, Part 1," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, LXXXV (1994), 50-58.
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    • For a sampling of recent discussions, see Michael P. Malone, "Beyond the Last Frontier: Toward a New Approach to Western American History," Western Historical Quarterly, XX (1989), 408-436; Brian W. Dippie, "The Winning of the West Reconsidered," Wilson Quarterly, XIV (1990), 70-86; William G. Robbins, "Laying Siege to Western History: The Emergence of New Paradigms," Reviews in American History, XIX (1991), 313-332; Antonia I. Castañeda, "Women of Color and the Rewriting of Western History: The Discourse, Politics, and Decolonization of History," Pacific Historical Review, LXI (1992), 501-533; Gerald D. Nash, "Point of View: One Hundred Years of Western History," Journal of the West, XXXII (April 1993), 3-5; Susan Armitage, Elizabeth Jameson, and Joan Jensen, "The New Western History: Another Perspective," ibid. (July 1993), 5-6; Richard W. Etulain, "The New Western Historiography and the New Western History: Continuity and Change," ibid. (Oct. 1993), 3-4; William Deverell, "Fighting Words: The Significance of the American West in the History of the United States," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 185-206; Stephen Aron, "Lessons in Conquest: Towards a Greater Western History," Pacific Historical Review, LXIII (1994), 125-148; Michael Allen, "The 'New' Western History Stillborn," Historian, LVII (1994), 201-209; Susan Rhoades Neel, "A Place of Extremes: Nature, History, and the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 488-206; and John R. Wunder, "What's Old about the New Western History: Race and Gender, Part 1," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, LXXXV (1994), 50-58.
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    • Nash, G.D.1
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    • The New Western History: Another Perspective
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    • For a sampling of recent discussions, see Michael P. Malone, "Beyond the Last Frontier: Toward a New Approach to Western American History," Western Historical Quarterly, XX (1989), 408-436; Brian W. Dippie, "The Winning of the West Reconsidered," Wilson Quarterly, XIV (1990), 70-86; William G. Robbins, "Laying Siege to Western History: The Emergence of New Paradigms," Reviews in American History, XIX (1991), 313-332; Antonia I. Castañeda, "Women of Color and the Rewriting of Western History: The Discourse, Politics, and Decolonization of History," Pacific Historical Review, LXI (1992), 501-533; Gerald D. Nash, "Point of View: One Hundred Years of Western History," Journal of the West, XXXII (April 1993), 3-5; Susan Armitage, Elizabeth Jameson, and Joan Jensen, "The New Western History: Another Perspective," ibid. (July 1993), 5-6; Richard W. Etulain, "The New Western Historiography and the New Western History: Continuity and Change," ibid. (Oct. 1993), 3-4; William Deverell, "Fighting Words: The Significance of the American West in the History of the United States," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 185-206; Stephen Aron, "Lessons in Conquest: Towards a Greater Western History," Pacific Historical Review, LXIII (1994), 125-148; Michael Allen, "The 'New' Western History Stillborn," Historian, LVII (1994), 201-209; Susan Rhoades Neel, "A Place of Extremes: Nature, History, and the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 488-206; and John R. Wunder, "What's Old about the New Western History: Race and Gender, Part 1," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, LXXXV (1994), 50-58.
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    • For a sampling of recent discussions, see Michael P. Malone, "Beyond the Last Frontier: Toward a New Approach to Western American History," Western Historical Quarterly, XX (1989), 408-436; Brian W. Dippie, "The Winning of the West Reconsidered," Wilson Quarterly, XIV (1990), 70-86; William G. Robbins, "Laying Siege to Western History: The Emergence of New Paradigms," Reviews in American History, XIX (1991), 313-332; Antonia I. Castañeda, "Women of Color and the Rewriting of Western History: The Discourse, Politics, and Decolonization of History," Pacific Historical Review, LXI (1992), 501-533; Gerald D. Nash, "Point of View: One Hundred Years of Western History," Journal of the West, XXXII (April 1993), 3-5; Susan Armitage, Elizabeth Jameson, and Joan Jensen, "The New Western History: Another Perspective," ibid. (July 1993), 5-6; Richard W. Etulain, "The New Western Historiography and the New Western History: Continuity and Change," ibid. (Oct. 1993), 3-4; William Deverell, "Fighting Words: The Significance of the American West in the History of the United States," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 185-206; Stephen Aron, "Lessons in Conquest: Towards a Greater Western History," Pacific Historical Review, LXIII (1994), 125-148; Michael Allen, "The 'New' Western History Stillborn," Historian, LVII (1994), 201-209; Susan Rhoades Neel, "A Place of Extremes: Nature, History, and the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 488-206; and John R. Wunder, "What's Old about the New Western History: Race and Gender, Part 1," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, LXXXV (1994), 50-58.
    • (1993) Journal of the West , pp. 3-4
    • Etulain, R.W.1
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    • Fighting Words: The Significance of the American West in the History of the United States
    • For a sampling of recent discussions, see Michael P. Malone, "Beyond the Last Frontier: Toward a New Approach to Western American History," Western Historical Quarterly, XX (1989), 408-436; Brian W. Dippie, "The Winning of the West Reconsidered," Wilson Quarterly, XIV (1990), 70-86; William G. Robbins, "Laying Siege to Western History: The Emergence of New Paradigms," Reviews in American History, XIX (1991), 313-332; Antonia I. Castañeda, "Women of Color and the Rewriting of Western History: The Discourse, Politics, and Decolonization of History," Pacific Historical Review, LXI (1992), 501-533; Gerald D. Nash, "Point of View: One Hundred Years of Western History," Journal of the West, XXXII (April 1993), 3-5; Susan Armitage, Elizabeth Jameson, and Joan Jensen, "The New Western History: Another Perspective," ibid. (July 1993), 5-6; Richard W. Etulain, "The New Western Historiography and the New Western History: Continuity and Change," ibid. (Oct. 1993), 3-4; William Deverell, "Fighting Words: The Significance of the American West in the History of the United States," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 185-206; Stephen Aron, "Lessons in Conquest: Towards a Greater Western History," Pacific Historical Review, LXIII (1994), 125-148; Michael Allen, "The 'New' Western History Stillborn," Historian, LVII (1994), 201-209; Susan Rhoades Neel, "A Place of Extremes: Nature, History, and the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 488-206; and John R. Wunder, "What's Old about the New Western History: Race and Gender, Part 1," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, LXXXV (1994), 50-58.
    • (1994) Western Historical Quarterly , vol.25 , pp. 185-206
    • Deverell, W.1
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    • Lessons in Conquest: Towards a Greater Western History
    • For a sampling of recent discussions, see Michael P. Malone, "Beyond the Last Frontier: Toward a New Approach to Western American History," Western Historical Quarterly, XX (1989), 408-436; Brian W. Dippie, "The Winning of the West Reconsidered," Wilson Quarterly, XIV (1990), 70-86; William G. Robbins, "Laying Siege to Western History: The Emergence of New Paradigms," Reviews in American History, XIX (1991), 313-332; Antonia I. Castañeda, "Women of Color and the Rewriting of Western History: The Discourse, Politics, and Decolonization of History," Pacific Historical Review, LXI (1992), 501-533; Gerald D. Nash, "Point of View: One Hundred Years of Western History," Journal of the West, XXXII (April 1993), 3-5; Susan Armitage, Elizabeth Jameson, and Joan Jensen, "The New Western History: Another Perspective," ibid. (July 1993), 5-6; Richard W. Etulain, "The New Western Historiography and the New Western History: Continuity and Change," ibid. (Oct. 1993), 3-4; William Deverell, "Fighting Words: The Significance of the American West in the History of the United States," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 185-206; Stephen Aron, "Lessons in Conquest: Towards a Greater Western History," Pacific Historical Review, LXIII (1994), 125-148; Michael Allen, "The 'New' Western History Stillborn," Historian, LVII (1994), 201-209; Susan Rhoades Neel, "A Place of Extremes: Nature, History, and the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 488-206; and John R. Wunder, "What's Old about the New Western History: Race and Gender, Part 1," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, LXXXV (1994), 50-58.
    • (1994) Pacific Historical Review , vol.63 , pp. 125-148
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    • The 'New' Western History Stillborn
    • For a sampling of recent discussions, see Michael P. Malone, "Beyond the Last Frontier: Toward a New Approach to Western American History," Western Historical Quarterly, XX (1989), 408-436; Brian W. Dippie, "The Winning of the West Reconsidered," Wilson Quarterly, XIV (1990), 70-86; William G. Robbins, "Laying Siege to Western History: The Emergence of New Paradigms," Reviews in American History, XIX (1991), 313-332; Antonia I. Castañeda, "Women of Color and the Rewriting of Western History: The Discourse, Politics, and Decolonization of History," Pacific Historical Review, LXI (1992), 501-533; Gerald D. Nash, "Point of View: One Hundred Years of Western History," Journal of the West, XXXII (April 1993), 3-5; Susan Armitage, Elizabeth Jameson, and Joan Jensen, "The New Western History: Another Perspective," ibid. (July 1993), 5-6; Richard W. Etulain, "The New Western Historiography and the New Western History: Continuity and Change," ibid. (Oct. 1993), 3-4; William Deverell, "Fighting Words: The Significance of the American West in the History of the United States," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 185-206; Stephen Aron, "Lessons in Conquest: Towards a Greater Western History," Pacific Historical Review, LXIII (1994), 125-148; Michael Allen, "The 'New' Western History Stillborn," Historian, LVII (1994), 201-209; Susan Rhoades Neel, "A Place of Extremes: Nature, History, and the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXV (1994), 488-206; and John R. Wunder, "What's Old about the New Western History: Race and Gender, Part 1," Pacific Northwest Quarterly, LXXXV (1994), 50-58.
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    • New York
    • Patricia Limerick, Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West (New York, 1987), 25; Limerick, "What on Earth Is the New Western History?," in Limerick et al., eds., Trails: Toward a New Western History (Lawrence, 1991), 85; Limerick, "The Adventures of the Frontier in the Twentieth Century," in James R. Grossman, ed., The Frontier in American Culture (Chicago and Berkeley, 1994), 66-102; Limerick, "Turnerians All: The Dream of a Helpful History in an Intelligible World," American Historical Review, C (1995), 697-716; Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Worster, "New West, True West: Interpreting the Region's History," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 141-156; Worster, "Beyond the Agrarian Myth," in Trails, 3-25; Richard White, "Trashing the Trails," in ibid., 26-39; White, "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West (Norman, 1991).
    • (1985) Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West
    • Worster, D.1
  • 21
    • 0007545230 scopus 로고
    • New West, True West: Interpreting the Region's History
    • Patricia Limerick, Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West (New York, 1987), 25; Limerick, "What on Earth Is the New Western History?," in Limerick et al., eds., Trails: Toward a New Western History (Lawrence, 1991), 85; Limerick, "The Adventures of the Frontier in the Twentieth Century," in James R. Grossman, ed., The Frontier in American Culture (Chicago and Berkeley, 1994), 66-102; Limerick, "Turnerians All: The Dream of a Helpful History in an Intelligible World," American Historical Review, C (1995), 697-716; Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Worster, "New West, True West: Interpreting the Region's History," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 141-156; Worster, "Beyond the Agrarian Myth," in Trails, 3-25; Richard White, "Trashing the Trails," in ibid., 26-39; White, "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West (Norman, 1991).
    • (1987) Western Historical Quarterly , vol.18 , pp. 141-156
    • Worster1
  • 22
    • 0002403957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Beyond the Agrarian Myth
    • Patricia Limerick, Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West (New York, 1987), 25; Limerick, "What on Earth Is the New Western History?," in Limerick et al., eds., Trails: Toward a New Western History (Lawrence, 1991), 85; Limerick, "The Adventures of the Frontier in the Twentieth Century," in James R. Grossman, ed., The Frontier in American Culture (Chicago and Berkeley, 1994), 66-102; Limerick, "Turnerians All: The Dream of a Helpful History in an Intelligible World," American Historical Review, C (1995), 697-716; Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Worster, "New West, True West: Interpreting the Region's History," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 141-156; Worster, "Beyond the Agrarian Myth," in Trails, 3-25; Richard White, "Trashing the Trails," in ibid., 26-39; White, "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West (Norman, 1991).
    • Trails , pp. 3-25
    • Worster1
  • 23
    • 0347338440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trashing the Trails
    • Patricia Limerick, Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West (New York, 1987), 25; Limerick, "What on Earth Is the New Western History?," in Limerick et al., eds., Trails: Toward a New Western History (Lawrence, 1991), 85; Limerick, "The Adventures of the Frontier in the Twentieth Century," in James R. Grossman, ed., The Frontier in American Culture (Chicago and Berkeley, 1994), 66-102; Limerick, "Turnerians All: The Dream of a Helpful History in an Intelligible World," American Historical Review, C (1995), 697-716; Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Worster, "New West, True West: Interpreting the Region's History," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 141-156; Worster, "Beyond the Agrarian Myth," in Trails, 3-25; Richard White, "Trashing the Trails," in ibid., 26-39; White, "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West (Norman, 1991).
    • Trails , pp. 26-39
    • White, R.1
  • 24
    • 0003695975 scopus 로고
    • Norman
    • Patricia Limerick, Legacy of Conquest: The Unbroken Past of the American West (New York, 1987), 25; Limerick, "What on Earth Is the New Western History?," in Limerick et al., eds., Trails: Toward a New Western History (Lawrence, 1991), 85; Limerick, "The Adventures of the Frontier in the Twentieth Century," in James R. Grossman, ed., The Frontier in American Culture (Chicago and Berkeley, 1994), 66-102; Limerick, "Turnerians All: The Dream of a Helpful History in an Intelligible World," American Historical Review, C (1995), 697-716; Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York, 1985); Worster, "New West, True West: Interpreting the Region's History," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 141-156; Worster, "Beyond the Agrarian Myth," in Trails, 3-25; Richard White, "Trashing the Trails," in ibid., 26-39; White, "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West (Norman, 1991).
    • (1991) "It's Your Misfortune and None of My Own": A New History of the American West
    • White1
  • 25
    • 0011415269 scopus 로고
    • The Significance of the History of the American West: Postcripts and Prospects
    • Several writers have recently drawn our attention to the many frontier historians who have offered critical or counter-Turnerian histories. See Allan G. Bogue, "The Significance of the History of the American West: Postcripts and Prospects," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 45-68; John Mack Faragher, "The Frontier Trail: Rethinking Turner and Reimagining the American West," American Historical Review, XCVIII (1993), 106-117; and Gerald D. Nash, Creating the West: Historical Interpretations, 1890-1990 (Albuquerque, 1991).
    • (1993) Western Historical Quarterly , vol.24 , pp. 45-68
    • Bogue, A.G.1
  • 26
    • 0011481745 scopus 로고
    • The Frontier Trail: Rethinking Turner and Reimagining the American West
    • Several writers have recently drawn our attention to the many frontier historians who have offered critical or counter-Turnerian histories. See Allan G. Bogue, "The Significance of the History of the American West: Postcripts and Prospects," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 45-68; John Mack Faragher, "The Frontier Trail: Rethinking Turner and Reimagining the American West," American Historical Review, XCVIII (1993), 106-117; and Gerald D. Nash, Creating the West: Historical Interpretations, 1890-1990 (Albuquerque, 1991).
    • (1993) American Historical Review , vol.98 , pp. 106-117
    • Faragher, J.M.1
  • 27
    • 0040132781 scopus 로고
    • Albuquerque
    • Several writers have recently drawn our attention to the many frontier historians who have offered critical or counter-Turnerian histories. See Allan G. Bogue, "The Significance of the History of the American West: Postcripts and Prospects," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 45-68; John Mack Faragher, "The Frontier Trail: Rethinking Turner and Reimagining the American West," American Historical Review, XCVIII (1993), 106-117; and Gerald D. Nash, Creating the West: Historical Interpretations, 1890-1990 (Albuquerque, 1991).
    • (1991) Creating the West: Historical Interpretations, 1890-1990
    • Nash, G.D.1
  • 28
    • 5844421447 scopus 로고
    • American Usage of the Word 'Frontier' from Colonial Times to Frederick Jackson Turner
    • the quotations are on pp. 28, 33
    • John T. Juricek, "American Usage of the Word 'Frontier' from Colonial Times to Frederick Jackson Turner," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, CX (1966), 10-34 (the quotations are on pp. 28, 33). Compare his story with the chronology set out in the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1933), 565, 566, and the new Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1972), 1167. See also Fulmer Mood, "The Concept of the Frontier, 1871-1898: Comments on a List of Source Documents," Agricultural History, XIX (1945), 24-30; Jack D. Forbes, "Frontiers in American History," Journal of the West, I (1962), 63-73; and Walter Rundell, Jr., "Concepts of the 'Frontier' and the 'West'," Arizona and the West, I (1959), 13-41. On European usage, see J. R. V. Prescott, The Geography of Frontiers and Boundaries (London, 1965), 9-55; and Lucien Febvre, "Frontière," Révue de Synthèse Historique, XLV (June 1928), 31-44.
    • (1966) Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society , vol.CX , pp. 10-34
    • Juricek, J.T.1
  • 29
    • 0003815918 scopus 로고
    • Oxford
    • John T. Juricek, "American Usage of the Word 'Frontier' from Colonial Times to Frederick Jackson Turner," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, CX (1966), 10-34 (the quotations are on pp. 28, 33). Compare his story with the chronology set out in the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1933), 565, 566, and the new Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1972), 1167. See also Fulmer Mood, "The Concept of the Frontier, 1871-1898: Comments on a List of Source Documents," Agricultural History, XIX (1945), 24-30; Jack D. Forbes, "Frontiers in American History," Journal of the West, I (1962), 63-73; and Walter Rundell, Jr., "Concepts of the 'Frontier' and the 'West'," Arizona and the West, I (1959), 13-41. On European usage, see J. R. V. Prescott, The Geography of Frontiers and Boundaries (London, 1965), 9-55; and Lucien Febvre, "Frontière," Révue de Synthèse Historique, XLV (June 1928), 31-44.
    • (1933) Oxford English Dictionary , pp. 565
  • 30
    • 0342440769 scopus 로고
    • Oxford
    • John T. Juricek, "American Usage of the Word 'Frontier' from Colonial Times to Frederick Jackson Turner," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, CX (1966), 10-34 (the quotations are on pp. 28, 33). Compare his story with the chronology set out in the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1933), 565, 566, and the new Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1972), 1167. See also Fulmer Mood, "The Concept of the Frontier, 1871-1898: Comments on a List of Source Documents," Agricultural History, XIX (1945), 24-30; Jack D. Forbes, "Frontiers in American History," Journal of the West, I (1962), 63-73; and Walter Rundell, Jr., "Concepts of the 'Frontier' and the 'West'," Arizona and the West, I (1959), 13-41. On European usage, see J. R. V. Prescott, The Geography of Frontiers and Boundaries (London, 1965), 9-55; and Lucien Febvre, "Frontière," Révue de Synthèse Historique, XLV (June 1928), 31-44.
    • (1972) Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary , pp. 1167
  • 31
    • 5844396734 scopus 로고
    • The Concept of the Frontier, 1871-1898: Comments on a List of Source Documents
    • John T. Juricek, "American Usage of the Word 'Frontier' from Colonial Times to Frederick Jackson Turner," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, CX (1966), 10-34 (the quotations are on pp. 28, 33). Compare his story with the chronology set out in the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1933), 565, 566, and the new Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1972), 1167. See also Fulmer Mood, "The Concept of the Frontier, 1871-1898: Comments on a List of Source Documents," Agricultural History, XIX (1945), 24-30; Jack D. Forbes, "Frontiers in American History," Journal of the West, I (1962), 63-73; and Walter Rundell, Jr., "Concepts of the 'Frontier' and the 'West'," Arizona and the West, I (1959), 13-41. On European usage, see J. R. V. Prescott, The Geography of Frontiers and Boundaries (London, 1965), 9-55; and Lucien Febvre, "Frontière," Révue de Synthèse Historique, XLV (June 1928), 31-44.
    • (1945) Agricultural History , vol.19 , pp. 24-30
    • Mood, F.1
  • 32
    • 5844362610 scopus 로고
    • Frontiers in American History
    • John T. Juricek, "American Usage of the Word 'Frontier' from Colonial Times to Frederick Jackson Turner," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, CX (1966), 10-34 (the quotations are on pp. 28, 33). Compare his story with the chronology set out in the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1933), 565, 566, and the new Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1972), 1167. See also Fulmer Mood, "The Concept of the Frontier, 1871-1898: Comments on a List of Source Documents," Agricultural History, XIX (1945), 24-30; Jack D. Forbes, "Frontiers in American History," Journal of the West, I (1962), 63-73; and Walter Rundell, Jr., "Concepts of the 'Frontier' and the 'West'," Arizona and the West, I (1959), 13-41. On European usage, see J. R. V. Prescott, The Geography of Frontiers and Boundaries (London, 1965), 9-55; and Lucien Febvre, "Frontière," Révue de Synthèse Historique, XLV (June 1928), 31-44.
    • (1962) Journal of the West , vol.1 , pp. 63-73
    • Forbes, J.D.1
  • 33
    • 5844389437 scopus 로고
    • Concepts of the 'Frontier' and the 'West'
    • John T. Juricek, "American Usage of the Word 'Frontier' from Colonial Times to Frederick Jackson Turner," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, CX (1966), 10-34 (the quotations are on pp. 28, 33). Compare his story with the chronology set out in the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1933), 565, 566, and the new Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1972), 1167. See also Fulmer Mood, "The Concept of the Frontier, 1871-1898: Comments on a List of Source Documents," Agricultural History, XIX (1945), 24-30; Jack D. Forbes, "Frontiers in American History," Journal of the West, I (1962), 63-73; and Walter Rundell, Jr., "Concepts of the 'Frontier' and the 'West'," Arizona and the West, I (1959), 13-41. On European usage, see J. R. V. Prescott, The Geography of Frontiers and Boundaries (London, 1965), 9-55; and Lucien Febvre, "Frontière," Révue de Synthèse Historique, XLV (June 1928), 31-44.
    • (1959) Arizona and the West , vol.1 , pp. 13-41
    • Rundell Jr., W.1
  • 34
    • 0006296872 scopus 로고
    • London
    • John T. Juricek, "American Usage of the Word 'Frontier' from Colonial Times to Frederick Jackson Turner," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, CX (1966), 10-34 (the quotations are on pp. 28, 33). Compare his story with the chronology set out in the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1933), 565, 566, and the new Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1972), 1167. See also Fulmer Mood, "The Concept of the Frontier, 1871-1898: Comments on a List of Source Documents," Agricultural History, XIX (1945), 24-30; Jack D. Forbes, "Frontiers in American History," Journal of the West, I (1962), 63-73; and Walter Rundell, Jr., "Concepts of the 'Frontier' and the 'West'," Arizona and the West, I (1959), 13-41. On European usage, see J. R. V. Prescott, The Geography of Frontiers and Boundaries (London, 1965), 9-55; and Lucien Febvre, "Frontière," Révue de Synthèse Historique, XLV (June 1928), 31-44.
    • (1965) The Geography of Frontiers and Boundaries , pp. 9-55
    • Prescott, J.R.V.1
  • 35
    • 5844391742 scopus 로고
    • Frontière
    • June
    • John T. Juricek, "American Usage of the Word 'Frontier' from Colonial Times to Frederick Jackson Turner," Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, CX (1966), 10-34 (the quotations are on pp. 28, 33). Compare his story with the chronology set out in the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1933), 565, 566, and the new Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford, 1972), 1167. See also Fulmer Mood, "The Concept of the Frontier, 1871-1898: Comments on a List of Source Documents," Agricultural History, XIX (1945), 24-30; Jack D. Forbes, "Frontiers in American History," Journal of the West, I (1962), 63-73; and Walter Rundell, Jr., "Concepts of the 'Frontier' and the 'West'," Arizona and the West, I (1959), 13-41. On European usage, see J. R. V. Prescott, The Geography of Frontiers and Boundaries (London, 1965), 9-55; and Lucien Febvre, "Frontière," Révue de Synthèse Historique, XLV (June 1928), 31-44.
    • (1928) Révue de Synthèse Historique , vol.45 , pp. 31-44
    • Febvre, L.1
  • 36
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    • Baltimore
    • Frederick Jackson Turner, The Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in Wisconsin: A Study of the Trading Post as an Institution (Baltimore, 1891), reprinted in Fulmer Mood, ed., The Early Writings of Frederick Jackson Turner (Madison, 1938), 85-182 (quotation on p. 90). See also Turner's master's thesis, "The Character and Influence of the Fur Trade in Wisconsin," in Wisconsin State Historical Society, Proceedings, XXXVI (1889), 52-98. The dissertation should be compared with a later address, "American Colonization" (1893), reprinted in Ronald Carpenter, The Eloquence of Frederick Jackson Turner (San Marino, Calif., 1983), 176-192. The single best account of Turner and his legacy remains Ray Allen Billington, Frederick Jackson Turner: Historian, Scholar, Teacher (New York, 1973). For an annotated bibliography of writings on Turner, see Vernon E. Mattson and William E. Marion, Frederick Jackson Turner: A Reference Guide (Boston, 1982).
    • (1891) The Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in Wisconsin: A Study of the Trading Post As An Institution
    • Turner, F.J.1
  • 37
    • 5844381598 scopus 로고
    • reprinted Madison, quotation on p. 90
    • Frederick Jackson Turner, The Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in Wisconsin: A Study of the Trading Post as an Institution (Baltimore, 1891), reprinted in Fulmer Mood, ed., The Early Writings of Frederick Jackson Turner (Madison, 1938), 85-182 (quotation on p. 90). See also Turner's master's thesis, "The Character and Influence of the Fur Trade in Wisconsin," in Wisconsin State Historical Society, Proceedings, XXXVI (1889), 52-98. The dissertation should be compared with a later address, "American Colonization" (1893), reprinted in Ronald Carpenter, The Eloquence of Frederick Jackson Turner (San Marino, Calif., 1983), 176-192. The single best account of Turner and his legacy remains Ray Allen Billington, Frederick Jackson Turner: Historian, Scholar, Teacher (New York, 1973). For an annotated bibliography of writings on Turner, see Vernon E. Mattson and William E. Marion, Frederick Jackson Turner: A Reference Guide (Boston, 1982).
    • (1938) The Early Writings of Frederick Jackson Turner , pp. 85-182
    • Mood, F.1
  • 38
    • 80053826165 scopus 로고
    • The Character and Influence of the fur Trade in Wisconsin
    • Turner's master's thesis, Wisconsin State Historical Society
    • Frederick Jackson Turner, The Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in Wisconsin: A Study of the Trading Post as an Institution (Baltimore, 1891), reprinted in Fulmer Mood, ed., The Early Writings of Frederick Jackson Turner (Madison, 1938), 85-182 (quotation on p. 90). See also Turner's master's thesis, "The Character and Influence of the Fur Trade in Wisconsin," in Wisconsin State Historical Society, Proceedings, XXXVI (1889), 52-98. The dissertation should be compared with a later address, "American Colonization" (1893), reprinted in Ronald Carpenter, The Eloquence of Frederick Jackson Turner (San Marino, Calif., 1983), 176-192. The single best account of Turner and his legacy remains Ray Allen Billington, Frederick Jackson Turner: Historian, Scholar, Teacher (New York, 1973). For an annotated bibliography of writings on Turner, see Vernon E. Mattson and William E. Marion, Frederick Jackson Turner: A Reference Guide (Boston, 1982).
    • (1889) Proceedings , vol.36 , pp. 52-98
  • 39
    • 84923566238 scopus 로고
    • American Colonization
    • (1893), reprinted in Ronald Carpenter, San Marino, Calif.
    • Frederick Jackson Turner, The Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in Wisconsin: A Study of the Trading Post as an Institution (Baltimore, 1891), reprinted in Fulmer Mood, ed., The Early Writings of Frederick Jackson Turner (Madison, 1938), 85-182 (quotation on p. 90). See also Turner's master's thesis, "The Character and Influence of the Fur Trade in Wisconsin," in Wisconsin State Historical Society, Proceedings, XXXVI (1889), 52-98. The dissertation should be compared with a later address, "American Colonization" (1893), reprinted in Ronald Carpenter, The Eloquence of Frederick Jackson Turner (San Marino, Calif., 1983), 176-192. The single best account of Turner and his legacy remains Ray Allen Billington, Frederick Jackson Turner: Historian, Scholar, Teacher (New York, 1973). For an annotated bibliography of writings on Turner, see Vernon E. Mattson and William E. Marion, Frederick Jackson Turner: A Reference Guide (Boston, 1982).
    • (1983) The Eloquence of Frederick Jackson Turner , pp. 176-192
  • 40
    • 0012277852 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • Frederick Jackson Turner, The Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in Wisconsin: A Study of the Trading Post as an Institution (Baltimore, 1891), reprinted in Fulmer Mood, ed., The Early Writings of Frederick Jackson Turner (Madison, 1938), 85-182 (quotation on p. 90). See also Turner's master's thesis, "The Character and Influence of the Fur Trade in Wisconsin," in Wisconsin State Historical Society, Proceedings, XXXVI (1889), 52-98. The dissertation should be compared with a later address, "American Colonization" (1893), reprinted in Ronald Carpenter, The Eloquence of Frederick Jackson Turner (San Marino, Calif., 1983), 176-192. The single best account of Turner and his legacy remains Ray Allen Billington, Frederick Jackson Turner: Historian, Scholar, Teacher (New York, 1973). For an annotated bibliography of writings on Turner, see Vernon E. Mattson and William E. Marion, Frederick Jackson Turner: A Reference Guide (Boston, 1982).
    • (1973) Frederick Jackson Turner: Historian, Scholar, Teacher
    • Billington, R.A.1
  • 41
    • 0008532172 scopus 로고
    • Boston
    • Frederick Jackson Turner, The Character and Influence of the Indian Trade in Wisconsin: A Study of the Trading Post as an Institution (Baltimore, 1891), reprinted in Fulmer Mood, ed., The Early Writings of Frederick Jackson Turner (Madison, 1938), 85-182 (quotation on p. 90). See also Turner's master's thesis, "The Character and Influence of the Fur Trade in Wisconsin," in Wisconsin State Historical Society, Proceedings, XXXVI (1889), 52-98. The dissertation should be compared with a later address, "American Colonization" (1893), reprinted in Ronald Carpenter, The Eloquence of Frederick Jackson Turner (San Marino, Calif., 1983), 176-192. The single best account of Turner and his legacy remains Ray Allen Billington, Frederick Jackson Turner: Historian, Scholar, Teacher (New York, 1973). For an annotated bibliography of writings on Turner, see Vernon E. Mattson and William E. Marion, Frederick Jackson Turner: A Reference Guide (Boston, 1982).
    • (1982) Frederick Jackson Turner: A Reference Guide
    • Mattson, V.E.1    Marion, W.E.2
  • 42
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    • (1893)
    • Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" (1893), reprinted in Early Writings, 183-232 (quotations on pp. 185-186). Subsequent references are to this edition. For comparisons of the different versions of this essay, see Fulmer Mood's valuable appendix to Early Writings, 273-294. The Cyclopedia entry is reprinted in Fulmer Mood, ed., "Little Known Fragments of Turner's Writings," Wisconsin Magazine of History, XXIII (1940), 328-341 (quotation on p. 339). By the time his first book, The Frontier in American History (1920; reprint, New York, 1962) appeared, meanings and synonyms for "frontier" had multiplied remarkably. The frontier was "the West," "the hither edge of free land," "the line of the most effective and rapid Americanization," "the graphic line which records the expanding energies of the people behind it," "a migrating region," "the mere edge of settlement," "the belt of territory occupied" by frontiersmen, and "a form of society rather than an area." In letters and conversations he professed his interest in "the movement of population into unsettled geographic provinces." See Ray Allen Billington, America's Frontier Heritage (New York, 1966), 16.
    • The Significance of the Frontier in American History
    • Turner, F.J.1
  • 43
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    • quotations on pp. 185-186
    • Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" (1893), reprinted in Early Writings, 183-232 (quotations on pp. 185-186). Subsequent references are to this edition. For comparisons of the different versions of this essay, see Fulmer Mood's valuable appendix to Early Writings, 273-294. The Cyclopedia entry is reprinted in Fulmer Mood, ed., "Little Known Fragments of Turner's Writings," Wisconsin Magazine of History, XXIII (1940), 328-341 (quotation on p. 339). By the time his first book, The Frontier in American History (1920; reprint, New York, 1962) appeared, meanings and synonyms for "frontier" had multiplied remarkably. The frontier was "the West," "the hither edge of free land," "the line of the most effective and rapid Americanization," "the graphic line which records the expanding energies of the people behind it," "a migrating region," "the mere edge of settlement," "the belt of territory occupied" by frontiersmen, and "a form of society rather than an area." In letters and conversations he professed his interest in "the movement of population into unsettled geographic provinces." See Ray Allen Billington, America's Frontier Heritage (New York, 1966), 16.
    • Early Writings , pp. 183-232
  • 44
    • 85033842460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • valuable appendix
    • Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" (1893), reprinted in Early Writings, 183-232 (quotations on pp. 185-186). Subsequent references are to this edition. For comparisons of the different versions of this essay, see Fulmer Mood's valuable appendix to Early Writings, 273-294. The Cyclopedia entry is reprinted in Fulmer Mood, ed., "Little Known Fragments of Turner's Writings," Wisconsin Magazine of History, XXIII (1940), 328-341 (quotation on p. 339). By the time his first book, The Frontier in American History (1920; reprint, New York, 1962) appeared, meanings and synonyms for "frontier" had multiplied remarkably. The frontier was "the West," "the hither edge of free land," "the line of the most effective and rapid Americanization," "the graphic line which records the expanding energies of the people behind it," "a migrating region," "the mere edge of settlement," "the belt of territory occupied" by frontiersmen, and "a form of society rather than an area." In letters and conversations he professed his interest in "the movement of population into unsettled geographic provinces." See Ray Allen Billington, America's Frontier Heritage (New York, 1966), 16.
    • Early Writings , pp. 273-294
    • Mood, F.1
  • 45
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    • Little Known Fragments of Turner's Writings
    • quotation on p. 339
    • Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" (1893), reprinted in Early Writings, 183-232 (quotations on pp. 185-186). Subsequent references are to this edition. For comparisons of the different versions of this essay, see Fulmer Mood's valuable appendix to Early Writings, 273-294. The Cyclopedia entry is reprinted in Fulmer Mood, ed., "Little Known Fragments of Turner's Writings," Wisconsin Magazine of History, XXIII (1940), 328-341 (quotation on p. 339). By the time his first book, The Frontier in American History (1920; reprint, New York, 1962) appeared, meanings and synonyms for "frontier" had multiplied remarkably. The frontier was "the West," "the hither edge of free land," "the line of the most effective and rapid Americanization," "the graphic line which records the expanding energies of the people behind it," "a migrating region," "the mere edge of settlement," "the belt of territory occupied" by frontiersmen, and "a form of society rather than an area." In letters and conversations he professed his interest in "the movement of population into unsettled geographic provinces." See Ray Allen Billington, America's Frontier Heritage (New York, 1966), 16.
    • (1940) Wisconsin Magazine of History , vol.23 , pp. 328-341
    • Mood, F.1
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    • reprint, New York, 1962
    • Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" (1893), reprinted in Early Writings, 183-232 (quotations on pp. 185-186). Subsequent references are to this edition. For comparisons of the different versions of this essay, see Fulmer Mood's valuable appendix to Early Writings, 273-294. The Cyclopedia entry is reprinted in Fulmer Mood, ed., "Little Known Fragments of Turner's Writings," Wisconsin Magazine of History, XXIII (1940), 328-341 (quotation on p. 339). By the time his first book, The Frontier in American History (1920; reprint, New York, 1962) appeared, meanings and synonyms for "frontier" had multiplied remarkably. The frontier was "the West," "the hither edge of free land," "the line of the most effective and rapid Americanization," "the graphic line which records the expanding energies of the people behind it," "a migrating region," "the mere edge of settlement," "the belt of territory occupied" by frontiersmen, and "a form of society rather than an area." In letters and conversations he professed his interest in "the movement of population into unsettled geographic provinces." See Ray Allen Billington, America's Frontier Heritage (New York, 1966), 16.
    • (1920) The Frontier in American History
  • 47
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    • New York
    • Frederick Jackson Turner, "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" (1893), reprinted in Early Writings, 183-232 (quotations on pp. 185-186). Subsequent references are to this edition. For comparisons of the different versions of this essay, see Fulmer Mood's valuable appendix to Early Writings, 273-294. The Cyclopedia entry is reprinted in Fulmer Mood, ed., "Little Known Fragments of Turner's Writings," Wisconsin Magazine of History, XXIII (1940), 328-341 (quotation on p. 339). By the time his first book, The Frontier in American History (1920; reprint, New York, 1962) appeared, meanings and synonyms for "frontier" had multiplied remarkably. The frontier was "the West," "the hither edge of free land," "the line of the most effective and rapid Americanization," "the graphic line which records the expanding energies of the people behind it," "a migrating region," "the mere edge of settlement," "the belt of territory occupied" by frontiersmen, and "a form of society rather than an area." In letters and conversations he professed his interest in "the movement of population into unsettled geographic provinces." See Ray Allen Billington, America's Frontier Heritage (New York, 1966), 16.
    • (1966) America's Frontier Heritage , pp. 16
    • Billington, R.A.1
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    • White, "Trashing the Trails," 28. On "wilderness" and "savagery," see Reinhart Koselleck's superb essay, "The Historical-Political Semantics of Asymmetric Counterconcepts," in Futures Past: The Semantics of Historical Time, translated by Keith Tribe (1979; Eng. lang, ed., Cambridge, Mass., 1985), 159-197; Richard Bernheimer, Wild Men in the Middle Ages: A Study in Art, Sentiment, and Demonology (Cambridge, Mass., 1952); Edward Dudley and Maximilian E. Novak, eds., The Wild Man Within: An Image in Western Thought from the Renaissance to Romanticism (Pittsburgh, 1972); Hayden White, "The Forms of Wildness: The Archaeology of an Idea" (1976), in Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism (Baltimore, 1978), 150-182; George Boas and Arthur O. Lovejoy, Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity: A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas (Baltimore, 1938); Roy Harvey Pearce, Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind (1953; reprint, Berkeley, 1965); Curtis Hinsley, Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910 (Washington, D.C., 1981); Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (1967; 3rd ed., New Haven, 1982), esp. 1-4; William Cronon, "Turner's First Stand: The Significance of Significance in American History," in Richard W. Etulain, ed., Writing Western History: Essays on Major Western Historians (Albuquerque, 1991), 82.
    • Trashing the Trails , pp. 28
    • White1
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    • The Historical-Political Semantics of Asymmetric Counterconcepts
    • translated by Keith Tribe 1979; Eng. lang, ed., Cambridge, Mass.
    • White, "Trashing the Trails," 28. On "wilderness" and "savagery," see Reinhart Koselleck's superb essay, "The Historical-Political Semantics of Asymmetric Counterconcepts," in Futures Past: The Semantics of Historical Time, translated by Keith Tribe (1979; Eng. lang, ed., Cambridge, Mass., 1985), 159-197; Richard Bernheimer, Wild Men in the Middle Ages: A Study in Art, Sentiment, and Demonology (Cambridge, Mass., 1952); Edward Dudley and Maximilian E. Novak, eds., The Wild Man Within: An Image in Western Thought from the Renaissance to Romanticism (Pittsburgh, 1972); Hayden White, "The Forms of Wildness: The Archaeology of an Idea" (1976), in Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism (Baltimore, 1978), 150-182; George Boas and Arthur O. Lovejoy, Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity: A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas (Baltimore, 1938); Roy Harvey Pearce, Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind (1953; reprint, Berkeley, 1965); Curtis Hinsley, Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910 (Washington, D.C., 1981); Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (1967; 3rd ed., New Haven, 1982), esp. 1-4; William Cronon, "Turner's First Stand: The Significance of Significance in American History," in Richard W. Etulain, ed., Writing Western History: Essays on Major Western Historians (Albuquerque, 1991), 82.
    • (1985) Futures Past: The Semantics of Historical Time , pp. 159-197
    • Koselleck, R.1
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    • 0038763163 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge, Mass.
    • White, "Trashing the Trails," 28. On "wilderness" and "savagery," see Reinhart Koselleck's superb essay, "The Historical-Political Semantics of Asymmetric Counterconcepts," in Futures Past: The Semantics of Historical Time, translated by Keith Tribe (1979; Eng. lang, ed., Cambridge, Mass., 1985), 159-197; Richard Bernheimer, Wild Men in the Middle Ages: A Study in Art, Sentiment, and Demonology (Cambridge, Mass., 1952); Edward Dudley and Maximilian E. Novak, eds., The Wild Man Within: An Image in Western Thought from the Renaissance to Romanticism (Pittsburgh, 1972); Hayden White, "The Forms of Wildness: The Archaeology of an Idea" (1976), in Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism (Baltimore, 1978), 150-182; George Boas and Arthur O. Lovejoy, Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity: A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas (Baltimore, 1938); Roy Harvey Pearce, Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind (1953; reprint, Berkeley, 1965); Curtis Hinsley, Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910 (Washington, D.C., 1981); Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (1967; 3rd ed., New Haven, 1982), esp. 1-4; William Cronon, "Turner's First Stand: The Significance of Significance in American History," in Richard W. Etulain, ed., Writing Western History: Essays on Major Western Historians (Albuquerque, 1991), 82.
    • (1952) Wild Men in the middle Ages: A Study in Art, Sentiment, and Demonology
    • Bernheimer, R.1
  • 52
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    • The Forms of Wildness: The Archaeology of an Idea
    • (1976), Baltimore
    • White, "Trashing the Trails," 28. On "wilderness" and "savagery," see Reinhart Koselleck's superb essay, "The Historical-Political Semantics of Asymmetric Counterconcepts," in Futures Past: The Semantics of Historical Time, translated by Keith Tribe (1979; Eng. lang, ed., Cambridge, Mass., 1985), 159-197; Richard Bernheimer, Wild Men in the Middle Ages: A Study in Art, Sentiment, and Demonology (Cambridge, Mass., 1952); Edward Dudley and Maximilian E. Novak, eds., The Wild Man Within: An Image in Western Thought from the Renaissance to Romanticism (Pittsburgh, 1972); Hayden White, "The Forms of Wildness: The Archaeology of an Idea" (1976), in Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism (Baltimore, 1978), 150-182; George Boas and Arthur O. Lovejoy, Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity: A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas (Baltimore, 1938); Roy Harvey Pearce, Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind (1953; reprint, Berkeley, 1965); Curtis Hinsley, Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910 (Washington, D.C., 1981); Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (1967; 3rd ed., New Haven, 1982), esp. 1-4; William Cronon, "Turner's First Stand: The Significance of Significance in American History," in Richard W. Etulain, ed., Writing Western History: Essays on Major Western Historians (Albuquerque, 1991), 82.
    • (1978) Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism , pp. 150-182
    • White, H.1
  • 53
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    • Baltimore
    • White, "Trashing the Trails," 28. On "wilderness" and "savagery," see Reinhart Koselleck's superb essay, "The Historical-Political Semantics of Asymmetric Counterconcepts," in Futures Past: The Semantics of Historical Time, translated by Keith Tribe (1979; Eng. lang, ed., Cambridge, Mass., 1985), 159-197; Richard Bernheimer, Wild Men in the Middle Ages: A Study in Art, Sentiment, and Demonology (Cambridge, Mass., 1952); Edward Dudley and Maximilian E. Novak, eds., The Wild Man Within: An Image in Western Thought from the Renaissance to Romanticism (Pittsburgh, 1972); Hayden White, "The Forms of Wildness: The Archaeology of an Idea" (1976), in Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism (Baltimore, 1978), 150-182; George Boas and Arthur O. Lovejoy, Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity: A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas (Baltimore, 1938); Roy Harvey Pearce, Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind (1953; reprint, Berkeley, 1965); Curtis Hinsley, Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910 (Washington, D.C., 1981); Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (1967; 3rd ed., New Haven, 1982), esp. 1-4; William Cronon, "Turner's First Stand: The Significance of Significance in American History," in Richard W. Etulain, ed., Writing Western History: Essays on Major Western Historians (Albuquerque, 1991), 82.
    • (1938) Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity: A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas
    • Boas, G.1    Lovejoy, A.O.2
  • 54
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    • 1953; reprint, Berkeley
    • White, "Trashing the Trails," 28. On "wilderness" and "savagery," see Reinhart Koselleck's superb essay, "The Historical-Political Semantics of Asymmetric Counterconcepts," in Futures Past: The Semantics of Historical Time, translated by Keith Tribe (1979; Eng. lang, ed., Cambridge, Mass., 1985), 159-197; Richard Bernheimer, Wild Men in the Middle Ages: A Study in Art, Sentiment, and Demonology (Cambridge, Mass., 1952); Edward Dudley and Maximilian E. Novak, eds., The Wild Man Within: An Image in Western Thought from the Renaissance to Romanticism (Pittsburgh, 1972); Hayden White, "The Forms of Wildness: The Archaeology of an Idea" (1976), in Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism (Baltimore, 1978), 150-182; George Boas and Arthur O. Lovejoy, Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity: A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas (Baltimore, 1938); Roy Harvey Pearce, Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind (1953; reprint, Berkeley, 1965); Curtis Hinsley, Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910 (Washington, D.C., 1981); Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (1967; 3rd ed., New Haven, 1982), esp. 1-4; William Cronon, "Turner's First Stand: The Significance of Significance in American History," in Richard W. Etulain, ed., Writing Western History: Essays on Major Western Historians (Albuquerque, 1991), 82.
    • (1965) Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind
    • Pearce, R.H.1
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    • Washington, D.C.
    • White, "Trashing the Trails," 28. On "wilderness" and "savagery," see Reinhart Koselleck's superb essay, "The Historical-Political Semantics of Asymmetric Counterconcepts," in Futures Past: The Semantics of Historical Time, translated by Keith Tribe (1979; Eng. lang, ed., Cambridge, Mass., 1985), 159-197; Richard Bernheimer, Wild Men in the Middle Ages: A Study in Art, Sentiment, and Demonology (Cambridge, Mass., 1952); Edward Dudley and Maximilian E. Novak, eds., The Wild Man Within: An Image in Western Thought from the Renaissance to Romanticism (Pittsburgh, 1972); Hayden White, "The Forms of Wildness: The Archaeology of an Idea" (1976), in Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism (Baltimore, 1978), 150-182; George Boas and Arthur O. Lovejoy, Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity: A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas (Baltimore, 1938); Roy Harvey Pearce, Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind (1953; reprint, Berkeley, 1965); Curtis Hinsley, Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910 (Washington, D.C., 1981); Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (1967; 3rd ed., New Haven, 1982), esp. 1-4; William Cronon, "Turner's First Stand: The Significance of Significance in American History," in Richard W. Etulain, ed., Writing Western History: Essays on Major Western Historians (Albuquerque, 1991), 82.
    • (1981) Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910
    • Hinsley, C.1
  • 56
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    • 1967; 3rd ed., New Haven
    • White, "Trashing the Trails," 28. On "wilderness" and "savagery," see Reinhart Koselleck's superb essay, "The Historical-Political Semantics of Asymmetric Counterconcepts," in Futures Past: The Semantics of Historical Time, translated by Keith Tribe (1979; Eng. lang, ed., Cambridge, Mass., 1985), 159-197; Richard Bernheimer, Wild Men in the Middle Ages: A Study in Art, Sentiment, and Demonology (Cambridge, Mass., 1952); Edward Dudley and Maximilian E. Novak, eds., The Wild Man Within: An Image in Western Thought from the Renaissance to Romanticism (Pittsburgh, 1972); Hayden White, "The Forms of Wildness: The Archaeology of an Idea" (1976), in Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism (Baltimore, 1978), 150-182; George Boas and Arthur O. Lovejoy, Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity: A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas (Baltimore, 1938); Roy Harvey Pearce, Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind (1953; reprint, Berkeley, 1965); Curtis Hinsley, Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910 (Washington, D.C., 1981); Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (1967; 3rd ed., New Haven, 1982), esp. 1-4; William Cronon, "Turner's First Stand: The Significance of Significance in American History," in Richard W. Etulain, ed., Writing Western History: Essays on Major Western Historians (Albuquerque, 1991), 82.
    • (1982) Wilderness and the American Mind , pp. 1-4
    • Nash, R.1
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    • Turner's First Stand: The Significance of Significance in American History
    • Richard W. Etulain, ed., Albuquerque
    • White, "Trashing the Trails," 28. On "wilderness" and "savagery," see Reinhart Koselleck's superb essay, "The Historical-Political Semantics of Asymmetric Counterconcepts," in Futures Past: The Semantics of Historical Time, translated by Keith Tribe (1979; Eng. lang, ed., Cambridge, Mass., 1985), 159-197; Richard Bernheimer, Wild Men in the Middle Ages: A Study in Art, Sentiment, and Demonology (Cambridge, Mass., 1952); Edward Dudley and Maximilian E. Novak, eds., The Wild Man Within: An Image in Western Thought from the Renaissance to Romanticism (Pittsburgh, 1972); Hayden White, "The Forms of Wildness: The Archaeology of an Idea" (1976), in Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism (Baltimore, 1978), 150-182; George Boas and Arthur O. Lovejoy, Primitivism and Related Ideas in Antiquity: A Documentary History of Primitivism and Related Ideas (Baltimore, 1938); Roy Harvey Pearce, Savagism and Civilization: A Study of the Indian and the American Mind (1953; reprint, Berkeley, 1965); Curtis Hinsley, Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910 (Washington, D.C., 1981); Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind (1967; 3rd ed., New Haven, 1982), esp. 1-4; William Cronon, "Turner's First Stand: The Significance of Significance in American History," in Richard W. Etulain, ed., Writing Western History: Essays on Major Western Historians (Albuquerque, 1991), 82.
    • (1991) Writing Western History: Essays on Major Western Historians , pp. 82
    • Cronon, W.1
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    • See the overviews in George W. Stocking, Jr., Race, Culture, and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology (New York, 1968); Stocking, The Ethnographer's Magic and Other Essays in the History of Anthropology (Madison, 1992); and Christopher Herbert, Culture and Anomie: Ethnographic Imagination in the Nineteenth Century (Chicago, 1991).
    • (1968) Race, Culture, and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology
    • Stocking Jr., G.W.1
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    • See the overviews in George W. Stocking, Jr., Race, Culture, and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology (New York, 1968); Stocking, The Ethnographer's Magic and Other Essays in the History of Anthropology (Madison, 1992); and Christopher Herbert, Culture and Anomie: Ethnographic Imagination in the Nineteenth Century (Chicago, 1991).
    • (1992) The Ethnographer's Magic and Other Essays in the History of Anthropology
    • Stocking1
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    • Chicago
    • See the overviews in George W. Stocking, Jr., Race, Culture, and Evolution: Essays in the History of Anthropology (New York, 1968); Stocking, The Ethnographer's Magic and Other Essays in the History of Anthropology (Madison, 1992); and Christopher Herbert, Culture and Anomie: Ethnographic Imagination in the Nineteenth Century (Chicago, 1991).
    • (1991) Culture and Anomie: Ethnographic Imagination in the Nineteenth Century
    • Herbert, C.1
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    • New York
    • Frederic L. Paxson, History of the American Frontier (New York, 1924), 1; E. Douglas Branch, Westward: The Romance of the American Frontier (New York, 1930); Ray Allen Billington with James Blaine Hedges, Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier (New York, 1949). In the early forties, George W. Pierson denounced "frontier" as too squishy for social science. He circulated a questionnaire to survey definitions of the "frontier hypothesis" and assess scholarly consensus on its validity. The study offers clues to usage among professional American historians of the period. See his "American Historians and the Frontier Hypothesis in 1941 (I)" and "American Historians and the Frontier Hypothesis (II)" in Wisconsin Magazine of History, XXVI (1942), 36-60 and 170-185.
    • (1924) History of the American Frontier , pp. 1
    • Paxson, F.L.1
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    • New York
    • Frederic L. Paxson, History of the American Frontier (New York, 1924), 1; E. Douglas Branch, Westward: The Romance of the American Frontier (New York, 1930); Ray Allen Billington with James Blaine Hedges, Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier (New York, 1949). In the early forties, George W. Pierson denounced "frontier" as too squishy for social science. He circulated a questionnaire to survey definitions of the "frontier hypothesis" and assess scholarly consensus on its validity. The study offers clues to usage among professional American historians of the period. See his "American Historians and the Frontier Hypothesis in 1941 (I)" and "American Historians and the Frontier Hypothesis (II)" in Wisconsin Magazine of History, XXVI (1942), 36-60 and 170-185.
    • (1930) Westward: The Romance of the American Frontier
    • Branch, E.D.1
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    • New York
    • Frederic L. Paxson, History of the American Frontier (New York, 1924), 1; E. Douglas Branch, Westward: The Romance of the American Frontier (New York, 1930); Ray Allen Billington with James Blaine Hedges, Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier (New York, 1949). In the early forties, George W. Pierson denounced "frontier" as too squishy for social science. He circulated a questionnaire to survey definitions of the "frontier hypothesis" and assess scholarly consensus on its validity. The study offers clues to usage among professional American historians of the period. See his "American Historians and the Frontier Hypothesis in 1941 (I)" and "American Historians and the Frontier Hypothesis (II)" in Wisconsin Magazine of History, XXVI (1942), 36-60 and 170-185.
    • (1949) Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier
    • Billington, R.A.1    Hedges, J.B.2
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    • "American Historians and the Frontier Hypothesis in 1941 (I)" and "American Historians and the Frontier Hypothesis (II)"
    • Frederic L. Paxson, History of the American Frontier (New York, 1924), 1; E. Douglas Branch, Westward: The Romance of the American Frontier (New York, 1930); Ray Allen Billington with James Blaine Hedges, Westward Expansion: A History of the American Frontier (New York, 1949). In the early forties, George W. Pierson denounced "frontier" as too squishy for social science. He circulated a questionnaire to survey definitions of the "frontier hypothesis" and assess scholarly consensus on its validity. The study offers clues to usage among professional American historians of the period. See his "American Historians and the Frontier Hypothesis in 1941 (I)" and "American Historians and the Frontier Hypothesis (II)" in Wisconsin Magazine of History, XXVI (1942), 36-60 and 170-185.
    • (1942) Wisconsin Magazine of History , vol.26 , pp. 36-60
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    • The Mission as a Frontier Institution in the Spanish-American Colonies
    • Herbert Eugene Bolton, "The Mission as a Frontier Institution in the Spanish-American Colonies," American Historical Review, XXIII (1917), 42-61; Bolton, The Spanish Borderlands: A Chronicle of Old Florida and the Southwest (New Haven, 1921); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America" (1933), in Wider Horizons of American History (New York, 1939), 1-53; David J. Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands," American Historical Review, XCI (1986), 66-81; John Francis Bannon, Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Historian and the Man (Tucson, 1978); Donald Worcester, "Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Making of a Western Historian," in Writing Western History, 193-216; and Albert L. Hurtado, "Herbert E. Bolton, Racism, and American History," Pacific Historical Review, LXII (1993), 127-142.
    • (1917) American Historical Review , vol.23 , pp. 42-61
    • Bolton, H.E.1
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    • New Haven
    • Herbert Eugene Bolton, "The Mission as a Frontier Institution in the Spanish-American Colonies," American Historical Review, XXIII (1917), 42-61; Bolton, The Spanish Borderlands: A Chronicle of Old Florida and the Southwest (New Haven, 1921); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America" (1933), in Wider Horizons of American History (New York, 1939), 1-53; David J. Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands," American Historical Review, XCI (1986), 66-81; John Francis Bannon, Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Historian and the Man (Tucson, 1978); Donald Worcester, "Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Making of a Western Historian," in Writing Western History, 193-216; and Albert L. Hurtado, "Herbert E. Bolton, Racism, and American History," Pacific Historical Review, LXII (1993), 127-142.
    • (1921) The Spanish Borderlands: A Chronicle of Old Florida and the Southwest
    • Bolton1
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    • The Epic of Greater America
    • (1933), New York
    • Herbert Eugene Bolton, "The Mission as a Frontier Institution in the Spanish-American Colonies," American Historical Review, XXIII (1917), 42-61; Bolton, The Spanish Borderlands: A Chronicle of Old Florida and the Southwest (New Haven, 1921); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America" (1933), in Wider Horizons of American History (New York, 1939), 1-53; David J. Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands," American Historical Review, XCI (1986), 66-81; John Francis Bannon, Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Historian and the Man (Tucson, 1978); Donald Worcester, "Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Making of a Western Historian," in Writing Western History, 193-216; and Albert L. Hurtado, "Herbert E. Bolton, Racism, and American History," Pacific Historical Review, LXII (1993), 127-142.
    • (1939) Wider Horizons of American History , pp. 1-53
    • Bolton1
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    • Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands
    • Herbert Eugene Bolton, "The Mission as a Frontier Institution in the Spanish-American Colonies," American Historical Review, XXIII (1917), 42-61; Bolton, The Spanish Borderlands: A Chronicle of Old Florida and the Southwest (New Haven, 1921); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America" (1933), in Wider Horizons of American History (New York, 1939), 1-53; David J. Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands," American Historical Review, XCI (1986), 66-81; John Francis Bannon, Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Historian and the Man (Tucson, 1978); Donald Worcester, "Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Making of a Western Historian," in Writing Western History, 193-216; and Albert L. Hurtado, "Herbert E. Bolton, Racism, and American History," Pacific Historical Review, LXII (1993), 127-142.
    • (1986) American Historical Review , vol.91 , pp. 66-81
    • Weber, D.J.1
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    • Tucson
    • Herbert Eugene Bolton, "The Mission as a Frontier Institution in the Spanish-American Colonies," American Historical Review, XXIII (1917), 42-61; Bolton, The Spanish Borderlands: A Chronicle of Old Florida and the Southwest (New Haven, 1921); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America" (1933), in Wider Horizons of American History (New York, 1939), 1-53; David J. Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands," American Historical Review, XCI (1986), 66-81; John Francis Bannon, Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Historian and the Man (Tucson, 1978); Donald Worcester, "Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Making of a Western Historian," in Writing Western History, 193-216; and Albert L. Hurtado, "Herbert E. Bolton, Racism, and American History," Pacific Historical Review, LXII (1993), 127-142.
    • (1978) Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Historian and the Man
    • Bannon, J.F.1
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    • Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Making of a Western Historian
    • Herbert Eugene Bolton, "The Mission as a Frontier Institution in the Spanish-American Colonies," American Historical Review, XXIII (1917), 42-61; Bolton, The Spanish Borderlands: A Chronicle of Old Florida and the Southwest (New Haven, 1921); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America" (1933), in Wider Horizons of American History (New York, 1939), 1-53; David J. Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands," American Historical Review, XCI (1986), 66-81; John Francis Bannon, Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Historian and the Man (Tucson, 1978); Donald Worcester, "Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Making of a Western Historian," in Writing Western History, 193-216; and Albert L. Hurtado, "Herbert E. Bolton, Racism, and American History," Pacific Historical Review, LXII (1993), 127-142.
    • Writing Western History , pp. 193-216
    • Worcester, D.1
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    • Herbert E. Bolton, Racism, and American History
    • Herbert Eugene Bolton, "The Mission as a Frontier Institution in the Spanish-American Colonies," American Historical Review, XXIII (1917), 42-61; Bolton, The Spanish Borderlands: A Chronicle of Old Florida and the Southwest (New Haven, 1921); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America" (1933), in Wider Horizons of American History (New York, 1939), 1-53; David J. Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands," American Historical Review, XCI (1986), 66-81; John Francis Bannon, Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Historian and the Man (Tucson, 1978); Donald Worcester, "Herbert Eugene Bolton: The Making of a Western Historian," in Writing Western History, 193-216; and Albert L. Hurtado, "Herbert E. Bolton, Racism, and American History," Pacific Historical Review, LXII (1993), 127-142.
    • (1993) Pacific Historical Review , vol.62 , pp. 127-142
    • Hurtado, A.L.1
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    • Raymond Williams, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (New York, 1976), 76-82, offers a quick introduction. But see also A. L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckholn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions (1952; reprint, New York, 1963); Frederick M. Barnard, "Culture and Civilization in Modern Times," in Philip P. Wiener, ed., Dictionary of the History of Ideas (New York, 1968), 613-621; Milton Singer, "The Concept of Culture," in David L. Sills, ed., International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (New York, 1968), 527-543; and Robert H. Winthrop, Dictionary of Concepts in Cultural Anthropology (New York, 1991), 50-61. For overviews of period anthropology, see Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, and Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., The White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Prensent (New York, 1978).
    • (1976) Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society , pp. 76-82
    • Williams, R.1
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    • reprint, New York, 1963
    • Raymond Williams, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (New York, 1976), 76-82, offers a quick introduction. But see also A. L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckholn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions (1952; reprint, New York, 1963); Frederick M. Barnard, "Culture and Civilization in Modern Times," in Philip P. Wiener, ed., Dictionary of the History of Ideas (New York, 1968), 613-621; Milton Singer, "The Concept of Culture," in David L. Sills, ed., International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (New York, 1968), 527-543; and Robert H. Winthrop, Dictionary of Concepts in Cultural Anthropology (New York, 1991), 50-61. For overviews of period anthropology, see Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, and Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., The White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Prensent (New York, 1978).
    • (1952) Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions
    • Kroeber, A.L.1    Kluckholn, C.2
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    • Culture and Civilization in Modern Times
    • Philip P. Wiener, ed., New York
    • Raymond Williams, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (New York, 1976), 76-82, offers a quick introduction. But see also A. L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckholn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions (1952; reprint, New York, 1963); Frederick M. Barnard, "Culture and Civilization in Modern Times," in Philip P. Wiener, ed., Dictionary of the History of Ideas (New York, 1968), 613-621; Milton Singer, "The Concept of Culture," in David L. Sills, ed., International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (New York, 1968), 527-543; and Robert H. Winthrop, Dictionary of Concepts in Cultural Anthropology (New York, 1991), 50-61. For overviews of period anthropology, see Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, and Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., The White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Prensent (New York, 1978).
    • (1968) Dictionary of the History of Ideas , pp. 613-621
    • Barnard, F.M.1
  • 76
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    • The Concept of Culture
    • David L. Sills, ed., New York
    • Raymond Williams, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (New York, 1976), 76-82, offers a quick introduction. But see also A. L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckholn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions (1952; reprint, New York, 1963); Frederick M. Barnard, "Culture and Civilization in Modern Times," in Philip P. Wiener, ed., Dictionary of the History of Ideas (New York, 1968), 613-621; Milton Singer, "The Concept of Culture," in David L. Sills, ed., International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (New York, 1968), 527-543; and Robert H. Winthrop, Dictionary of Concepts in Cultural Anthropology (New York, 1991), 50-61. For overviews of period anthropology, see Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, and Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., The White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Prensent (New York, 1978).
    • (1968) International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences , pp. 527-543
    • Singer, M.1
  • 77
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    • New York
    • Raymond Williams, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (New York, 1976), 76-82, offers a quick introduction. But see also A. L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckholn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions (1952; reprint, New York, 1963); Frederick M. Barnard, "Culture and Civilization in Modern Times," in Philip P. Wiener, ed., Dictionary of the History of Ideas (New York, 1968), 613-621; Milton Singer, "The Concept of Culture," in David L. Sills, ed., International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (New York, 1968), 527-543; and Robert H. Winthrop, Dictionary of Concepts in Cultural Anthropology (New York, 1991), 50-61. For overviews of period anthropology, see Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, and Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., The White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Prensent (New York, 1978).
    • (1991) Dictionary of Concepts in Cultural Anthropology , pp. 50-61
    • Winthrop, R.H.1
  • 78
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    • Raymond Williams, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (New York, 1976), 76-82, offers a quick introduction. But see also A. L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckholn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions (1952; reprint, New York, 1963); Frederick M. Barnard, "Culture and Civilization in Modern Times," in Philip P. Wiener, ed., Dictionary of the History of Ideas (New York, 1968), 613-621; Milton Singer, "The Concept of Culture," in David L. Sills, ed., International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (New York, 1968), 527-543; and Robert H. Winthrop, Dictionary of Concepts in Cultural Anthropology (New York, 1991), 50-61. For overviews of period anthropology, see Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, and Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., The White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Prensent (New York, 1978).
    • Ethnographer's Magic
    • Stocking1
  • 79
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    • New York
    • Raymond Williams, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (New York, 1976), 76-82, offers a quick introduction. But see also A. L. Kroeber and Clyde Kluckholn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions (1952; reprint, New York, 1963); Frederick M. Barnard, "Culture and Civilization in Modern Times," in Philip P. Wiener, ed., Dictionary of the History of Ideas (New York, 1968), 613-621; Milton Singer, "The Concept of Culture," in David L. Sills, ed., International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (New York, 1968), 527-543; and Robert H. Winthrop, Dictionary of Concepts in Cultural Anthropology (New York, 1991), 50-61. For overviews of period anthropology, see Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, and Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., The White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Prensent (New York, 1978).
    • (1978) The White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Prensent
    • Berkhofer Jr., R.F.1
  • 80
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    • reprint, Boston, 1989
    • Ruth Benedict, Patterns of Culture (1934; reprint, Boston, 1989), 36. The single best source on Benedict's life and thought is Margaret M. Caffrey, Ruth Benedict: Stranger in This Land (Austin, 1989).
    • (1934) Patterns of Culture , pp. 36
    • Benedict, R.1
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    • Austin
    • Ruth Benedict, Patterns of Culture (1934; reprint, Boston, 1989), 36. The single best source on Benedict's life and thought is Margaret M. Caffrey, Ruth Benedict: Stranger in This Land (Austin, 1989).
    • (1989) Ruth Benedict: Stranger in This Land
    • Caffrey, M.M.1
  • 82
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    • On salvage ethnography, see Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, 276-340; and Jacob W. Gruber, "Ethnographic Salvage and the Shaping of Anthropology," American Anthropologist, LXXII (1970), 1289-1299. Also relevant here is Brian W. Dippie, The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy (Middletown, Conn., 1982). On acculturation, see Robert Redfield, Ralph Linton, and Melville Hersokovits, "Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation," American Anthropologist, XXXVIII (1936), 149-152; and Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, 142-144, 228-229.
    • Ethnographer's Magic , pp. 276-340
    • Stocking1
  • 83
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    • Ethnographic Salvage and the Shaping of Anthropology
    • On salvage ethnography, see Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, 276-340; and Jacob W. Gruber, "Ethnographic Salvage and the Shaping of Anthropology," American Anthropologist, LXXII (1970), 1289-1299. Also relevant here is Brian W. Dippie, The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy (Middletown, Conn., 1982). On acculturation, see Robert Redfield, Ralph Linton, and Melville Hersokovits, "Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation," American Anthropologist, XXXVIII (1936), 149-152; and Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, 142-144, 228-229.
    • American Anthropologist , vol.72 , Issue.1970 , pp. 1289-1299
    • Gruber, J.W.1
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    • Middletown, Conn.
    • On salvage ethnography, see Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, 276-340; and Jacob W. Gruber, "Ethnographic Salvage and the Shaping of Anthropology," American Anthropologist, LXXII (1970), 1289-1299. Also relevant here is Brian W. Dippie, The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy (Middletown, Conn., 1982). On acculturation, see Robert Redfield, Ralph Linton, and Melville Hersokovits, "Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation," American Anthropologist, XXXVIII (1936), 149-152; and Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, 142-144, 228-229.
    • (1982) The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy
    • Dippie, B.W.1
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    • Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation
    • On salvage ethnography, see Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, 276-340; and Jacob W. Gruber, "Ethnographic Salvage and the Shaping of Anthropology," American Anthropologist, LXXII (1970), 1289-1299. Also relevant here is Brian W. Dippie, The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy (Middletown, Conn., 1982). On acculturation, see Robert Redfield, Ralph Linton, and Melville Hersokovits, "Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation," American Anthropologist, XXXVIII (1936), 149-152; and Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, 142-144, 228-229.
    • (1936) American Anthropologist , vol.38 , pp. 149-152
    • Redfield, R.1    Linton, R.2    Hersokovits, M.3
  • 86
    • 0042237138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On salvage ethnography, see Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, 276-340; and Jacob W. Gruber, "Ethnographic Salvage and the Shaping of Anthropology," American Anthropologist, LXXII (1970), 1289-1299. Also relevant here is Brian W. Dippie, The Vanishing American: White Attitudes and U.S. Indian Policy (Middletown, Conn., 1982). On acculturation, see Robert Redfield, Ralph Linton, and Melville Hersokovits, "Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation," American Anthropologist, XXXVIII (1936), 149-152; and Stocking, Ethnographer's Magic, 142-144, 228-229.
    • Ethnographer's Magic , pp. 142-144
    • Stocking1
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    • Redfield, Linton, and Hersokovits, "Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation." See also the Social Science Research Council Summer Seminar on Acculturation, "Acculturation: An Exploratory Formulation" American Anthropologist, LVI (1954), 974. According to the editor, Ralph Linton, this journal published its first article on acculturation in 1932, but the subject effectively began with the 1936 memorandum. As the editor put it, in the editorial comment to American Anthropologist in 1954, the 1936 and 1954 issues "mark off the whole history of a subject" (ibid., 972). The 1954 piece lists 117 items in its bibliography, virtually all of which were published after 1936. Philip Gleason, Speaking of Diversity: Language and Ethnicity in Twentieth-Century America (Baltimore, 1992), offers a good overview. Compare Russell A. Kazal, "Revisiting Assimilation: The Rise, Fall, and Reappraisal of a Concept in American Ethnic History," American Historical Review, C (1995), 437-471.
    • Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation
    • Redfield1    Linton, H.2
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    • Acculturation: An Exploratory Formulation
    • Redfield, Linton, and Hersokovits, "Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation." See also the Social Science Research Council Summer Seminar on Acculturation, "Acculturation: An Exploratory Formulation" American Anthropologist, LVI (1954), 974. According to the editor, Ralph Linton, this journal published its first article on acculturation in 1932, but the subject effectively began with the 1936 memorandum. As the editor put it, in the editorial comment to American Anthropologist in 1954, the 1936 and 1954 issues "mark off the whole history of a subject" (ibid., 972). The 1954 piece lists 117 items in its bibliography, virtually all of which were published after 1936. Philip Gleason, Speaking of Diversity: Language and Ethnicity in Twentieth-Century America (Baltimore, 1992), offers a good overview. Compare Russell A. Kazal, "Revisiting Assimilation: The Rise, Fall, and Reappraisal of a Concept in American Ethnic History," American Historical Review, C (1995), 437-471.
    • (1954) American Anthropologist , vol.56 , pp. 974
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    • Redfield, Linton, and Hersokovits, "Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation." See also the Social Science Research Council Summer Seminar on Acculturation, "Acculturation: An Exploratory Formulation" American Anthropologist, LVI (1954), 974. According to the editor, Ralph Linton, this journal published its first article on acculturation in 1932, but the subject effectively began with the 1936 memorandum. As the editor put it, in the editorial comment to American Anthropologist in 1954, the 1936 and 1954 issues "mark off the whole history of a subject" (ibid., 972). The 1954 piece lists 117 items in its bibliography, virtually all of which were published after 1936. Philip Gleason, Speaking of Diversity: Language and Ethnicity in Twentieth-Century America (Baltimore, 1992), offers a good overview. Compare Russell A. Kazal, "Revisiting Assimilation: The Rise, Fall, and Reappraisal of a Concept in American Ethnic History," American Historical Review, C (1995), 437-471.
    • (1954) American Anthropologist
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    • Redfield, Linton, and Hersokovits, "Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation." See also the Social Science Research Council Summer Seminar on Acculturation, "Acculturation: An Exploratory Formulation" American Anthropologist, LVI (1954), 974. According to the editor, Ralph Linton, this journal published its first article on acculturation in 1932, but the subject effectively began with the 1936 memorandum. As the editor put it, in the editorial comment to American Anthropologist in 1954, the 1936 and 1954 issues "mark off the whole history of a subject" (ibid., 972). The 1954 piece lists 117 items in its bibliography, virtually all of which were published after 1936. Philip Gleason, Speaking of Diversity: Language and Ethnicity in Twentieth-Century America (Baltimore, 1992), offers a good overview. Compare Russell A. Kazal, "Revisiting Assimilation: The Rise, Fall, and Reappraisal of a Concept in American Ethnic History," American Historical Review, C (1995), 437-471.
    • American Anthropologist , pp. 972
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    • Baltimore
    • Redfield, Linton, and Hersokovits, "Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation." See also the Social Science Research Council Summer Seminar on Acculturation, "Acculturation: An Exploratory Formulation" American Anthropologist, LVI (1954), 974. According to the editor, Ralph Linton, this journal published its first article on acculturation in 1932, but the subject effectively began with the 1936 memorandum. As the editor put it, in the editorial comment to American Anthropologist in 1954, the 1936 and 1954 issues "mark off the whole history of a subject" (ibid., 972). The 1954 piece lists 117 items in its bibliography, virtually all of which were published after 1936. Philip Gleason, Speaking of Diversity: Language and Ethnicity in Twentieth-Century America (Baltimore, 1992), offers a good overview. Compare Russell A. Kazal, "Revisiting Assimilation: The Rise, Fall, and Reappraisal of a Concept in American Ethnic History," American Historical Review, C (1995), 437-471.
    • (1992) Speaking of Diversity: Language and Ethnicity in Twentieth-Century America
    • Gleason, P.1
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    • Revisiting Assimilation: The Rise, Fall, and Reappraisal of a Concept in American Ethnic History
    • Redfield, Linton, and Hersokovits, "Memorandum on the Study of Acculturation." See also the Social Science Research Council Summer Seminar on Acculturation, "Acculturation: An Exploratory Formulation" American Anthropologist, LVI (1954), 974. According to the editor, Ralph Linton, this journal published its first article on acculturation in 1932, but the subject effectively began with the 1936 memorandum. As the editor put it, in the editorial comment to American Anthropologist in 1954, the 1936 and 1954 issues "mark off the whole history of a subject" (ibid., 972). The 1954 piece lists 117 items in its bibliography, virtually all of which were published after 1936. Philip Gleason, Speaking of Diversity: Language and Ethnicity in Twentieth-Century America (Baltimore, 1992), offers a good overview. Compare Russell A. Kazal, "Revisiting Assimilation: The Rise, Fall, and Reappraisal of a Concept in American Ethnic History," American Historical Review, C (1995), 437-471.
    • (1995) American Historical Review , vol.C , pp. 437-471
    • Kazal, R.A.1
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    • reprint, Gloucester, Mass., 1963
    • Ralph Linton, ed., Acculturation in Seven American Indian Tribes (1940; reprint, Gloucester, Mass., 1963), vii. Such appeals to the needs of government administrators quickly became a rhetorical convention for acculturation articles published in the American Anthropologist, the discipline's leading journal in the United States and edited by Linton. See, for instance, Laura Thompson, "Attitudes and Acculturation," American Anthropologist, L (1948), 200-225; Florence Hawley, "An Examination of Problems Basic to Acculturation in the Rio Grande Pueblos" ibid., 612-624; and Edward M. Bruner, "Primary Group Experience and the Processes of Acculturation," ibid., LVIII (1956), 602-623.
    • (1940) Acculturation in Seven American Indian Tribes
    • Linton, R.1
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    • Ralph Linton, ed., Acculturation in Seven American Indian Tribes (1940; reprint, Gloucester, Mass., 1963), vii. Such appeals to the needs of government administrators quickly became a rhetorical convention for acculturation articles published in the American Anthropologist, the discipline's leading journal in the United States and edited by Linton. See, for instance, Laura Thompson, "Attitudes and Acculturation," American Anthropologist, L (1948), 200-225; Florence Hawley, "An Examination of Problems Basic to Acculturation in the Rio Grande Pueblos" ibid., 612-624; and Edward M. Bruner, "Primary Group Experience and the Processes of Acculturation," ibid., LVIII (1956), 602-623.
    • American Anthropologist, the Discipline's Leading Journal in the United States and Edited by Linton.
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    • Attitudes and Acculturation
    • Ralph Linton, ed., Acculturation in Seven American Indian Tribes (1940; reprint, Gloucester, Mass., 1963), vii. Such appeals to the needs of government administrators quickly became a rhetorical convention for acculturation articles published in the American Anthropologist, the discipline's leading journal in the United States and edited by Linton. See, for instance, Laura Thompson, "Attitudes and Acculturation," American Anthropologist, L (1948), 200-225; Florence Hawley, "An Examination of Problems Basic to Acculturation in the Rio Grande Pueblos" ibid., 612-624; and Edward M. Bruner, "Primary Group Experience and the Processes of Acculturation," ibid., LVIII (1956), 602-623.
    • (1948) American Anthropologist , vol.L , pp. 200-225
    • Thompson, L.1
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    • An Examination of Problems Basic to Acculturation in the Rio Grande Pueblos
    • Ralph Linton, ed., Acculturation in Seven American Indian Tribes (1940; reprint, Gloucester, Mass., 1963), vii. Such appeals to the needs of government administrators quickly became a rhetorical convention for acculturation articles published in the American Anthropologist, the discipline's leading journal in the United States and edited by Linton. See, for instance, Laura Thompson, "Attitudes and Acculturation," American Anthropologist, L (1948), 200-225; Florence Hawley, "An Examination of Problems Basic to Acculturation in the Rio Grande Pueblos" ibid., 612-624; and Edward M. Bruner, "Primary Group Experience and the Processes of Acculturation," ibid., LVIII (1956), 602-623.
    • American Anthropologist , pp. 612-624
    • Hawley, F.1
  • 97
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    • Primary Group Experience and the Processes of Acculturation
    • Ralph Linton, ed., Acculturation in Seven American Indian Tribes (1940; reprint, Gloucester, Mass., 1963), vii. Such appeals to the needs of government administrators quickly became a rhetorical convention for acculturation articles published in the American Anthropologist, the discipline's leading journal in the United States and edited by Linton. See, for instance, Laura Thompson, "Attitudes and Acculturation," American Anthropologist, L (1948), 200-225; Florence Hawley, "An Examination of Problems Basic to Acculturation in the Rio Grande Pueblos" ibid., 612-624; and Edward M. Bruner, "Primary Group Experience and the Processes of Acculturation," ibid., LVIII (1956), 602-623.
    • (1956) American Anthropologist , vol.58 , pp. 602-623
    • Bruner, E.M.1
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    • Acculturation and the Process of Culture Change
    • Linton, "Acculturation and the Process of Culture Change," Acculturation, 463-482; "The Processes of Culture Transfer," ibid., 483-500; and "The Distinctive Aspects of Acculturation," ibid., 501-520. On Linton, see Adelin Linton and Charles Wagley, Ralph Linton (New York, 1971), esp. 49-52.
    • Acculturation , pp. 463-482
    • Linton1
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    • He Processes of Culture Transfer,"
    • Linton, "Acculturation and the Process of Culture Change," Acculturation, 463-482; "The Processes of Culture Transfer," ibid., 483-500; and "The Distinctive Aspects of Acculturation," ibid., 501-520. On Linton, see Adelin Linton and Charles Wagley, Ralph Linton (New York, 1971), esp. 49-52.
    • Acculturation , pp. 483-500
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    • The Distinctive Aspects of Acculturation
    • Linton, "Acculturation and the Process of Culture Change," Acculturation, 463-482; "The Processes of Culture Transfer," ibid., 483-500; and "The Distinctive Aspects of Acculturation," ibid., 501-520. On Linton, see Adelin Linton and Charles Wagley, Ralph Linton (New York, 1971), esp. 49-52.
    • Acculturation , pp. 501-520
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    • New York
    • Linton, "Acculturation and the Process of Culture Change," Acculturation, 463-482; "The Processes of Culture Transfer," ibid., 483-500; and "The Distinctive Aspects of Acculturation," ibid., 501-520. On Linton, see Adelin Linton and Charles Wagley, Ralph Linton (New York, 1971), esp. 49-52.
    • (1971) Ralph Linton , pp. 49-52
    • Linton, A.1    Wagley, C.2
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    • The Fox of Iowa
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    • Natalie F. Joffe, "The Fox of Iowa," in Linton, ed., Acculturation, 259, 332. Joffe's article drew extensively from primary documents and quoted Louise Phelps Kellog's "The Fox Indians during the French Regime," Wisconsin State Historical Society Proceedings, 1907 (Madison, 1908), 142-188, a work completed under Turner's direction.
    • Acculturation , pp. 259
    • Joffe, N.F.1
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    • The Fox Indians during the French Regime
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    • Natalie F. Joffe, "The Fox of Iowa," in Linton, ed., Acculturation, 259, 332. Joffe's article drew extensively from primary documents and quoted Louise Phelps Kellog's "The Fox Indians during the French Regime," Wisconsin State Historical Society Proceedings, 1907 (Madison, 1908), 142-188, a work completed under Turner's direction.
    • (1908) Wisconsin State Historical Society Proceedings, 1907 , pp. 142-188
    • Kellog, L.P.1
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    • Handsome Lake and the Great Revival in the West
    • Anthony F. C. Wallace, "Handsome Lake and the Great Revival in the West," American Quarterly, IV (1952), 149-165; Wallace, "Revitalization Movements: Some Theoretical Considerations for Their Comparative Study," American Anthropologist, LVI (1956), 264-281; Wallace, The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca (New York, 1969); Hallowell, "The Backwash of the Frontier: The Impact of the Indian on American Culture" (1957), in Walker D. Wyman and Clifton B. Kroeber, eds., The Frontier in Perspective (Madison, 1965), 229-258; Hallowell, "American Indians, White and Black: The Phenomenon of Transculturation," Current Anthropology, IV (1963), 519-531; Everett C. Hughes and Helen M. Hughes, Where Peoples Meet: Racial and Ethnic Frontiers (Glencoe, Ill., 1952); Edward W. Spicer, ed., Perspectives in American Indian Culture Change (Chicago, 1961); and Spicer, Cycles of Conquest; The Impact of Spain, Mexico, and the United States on the Indians of the Southwest, 1533-1960 (Tucson, 1962).
    • American Quarterly , vol.4 , Issue.1952 , pp. 149-165
    • Wallace, A.F.C.1
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    • Revitalization Movements: Some Theoretical Considerations for Their Comparative Study
    • Anthony F. C. Wallace, "Handsome Lake and the Great Revival in the West," American Quarterly, IV (1952), 149-165; Wallace, "Revitalization Movements: Some Theoretical Considerations for Their Comparative Study," American Anthropologist, LVI (1956), 264-281; Wallace, The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca (New York, 1969); Hallowell, "The Backwash of the Frontier: The Impact of the Indian on American Culture" (1957), in Walker D. Wyman and Clifton B. Kroeber, eds., The Frontier in Perspective (Madison, 1965), 229-258; Hallowell, "American Indians, White and Black: The Phenomenon of Transculturation," Current Anthropology, IV (1963), 519-531; Everett C. Hughes and Helen M. Hughes, Where Peoples Meet: Racial and Ethnic Frontiers (Glencoe, Ill., 1952); Edward W. Spicer, ed., Perspectives in American Indian Culture Change (Chicago, 1961); and Spicer, Cycles of Conquest; The Impact of Spain, Mexico, and the United States on the Indians of the Southwest, 1533-1960 (Tucson, 1962).
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    • Wallace1
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    • New York
    • Anthony F. C. Wallace, "Handsome Lake and the Great Revival in the West," American Quarterly, IV (1952), 149-165; Wallace, "Revitalization Movements: Some Theoretical Considerations for Their Comparative Study," American Anthropologist, LVI (1956), 264-281; Wallace, The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca (New York, 1969); Hallowell, "The Backwash of the Frontier: The Impact of the Indian on American Culture" (1957), in Walker D. Wyman and Clifton B. Kroeber, eds., The Frontier in Perspective (Madison, 1965), 229-258; Hallowell, "American Indians, White and Black: The Phenomenon of Transculturation," Current Anthropology, IV (1963), 519-531; Everett C. Hughes and Helen M. Hughes, Where Peoples Meet: Racial and Ethnic Frontiers (Glencoe, Ill., 1952); Edward W. Spicer, ed., Perspectives in American Indian Culture Change (Chicago, 1961); and Spicer, Cycles of Conquest; The Impact of Spain, Mexico, and the United States on the Indians of the Southwest, 1533-1960 (Tucson, 1962).
    • (1969) The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca
    • Wallace1
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    • The Backwash of the Frontier: The Impact of the Indian on American Culture
    • (1957), Walker D. Wyman and Clifton B. Kroeber, eds., Madison
    • Anthony F. C. Wallace, "Handsome Lake and the Great Revival in the West," American Quarterly, IV (1952), 149-165; Wallace, "Revitalization Movements: Some Theoretical Considerations for Their Comparative Study," American Anthropologist, LVI (1956), 264-281; Wallace, The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca (New York, 1969); Hallowell, "The Backwash of the Frontier: The Impact of the Indian on American Culture" (1957), in Walker D. Wyman and Clifton B. Kroeber, eds., The Frontier in Perspective (Madison, 1965), 229-258; Hallowell, "American Indians, White and Black: The Phenomenon of Transculturation," Current Anthropology, IV (1963), 519-531; Everett C. Hughes and Helen M. Hughes, Where Peoples Meet: Racial and Ethnic Frontiers (Glencoe, Ill., 1952); Edward W. Spicer, ed., Perspectives in American Indian Culture Change (Chicago, 1961); and Spicer, Cycles of Conquest; The Impact of Spain, Mexico, and the United States on the Indians of the Southwest, 1533-1960 (Tucson, 1962).
    • (1965) The Frontier in Perspective , pp. 229-258
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    • Edward H. Spicer and Raymond H. Thompson, Plural Society in the Southwest (New York, 1972). See Spicer's "Introduction," 1-20, and "Plural Society in the Southwest," 21-75. For the discussion of Barth, see esp. 54-64. For the connection to Spicer's earlier frontier studies, see esp. 10-11. Miguel León-Portilla, "The Norteño Variety of Mexican Culture: An Ethnohistorical Approach," 77-114, strongly complemented Spicer's account and usage, but John H. Parry, "Plural Society in the Southwest: A Historical Comment," 299-320, at times verged on the older assimilationist tale that Spicer and most of his coauthors were criticizing. Paul Bohannon, "Introduction," in Bohannon and Fred Plog, eds., Beyond the Frontier: Social Process and Cultural Change (Garden City, N. Y., 1967), xi.
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    • Edward H. Spicer and Raymond H. Thompson, Plural Society in the Southwest (New York, 1972). See Spicer's "Introduction," 1-20, and "Plural Society in the Southwest," 21-75. For the discussion of Barth, see esp. 54-64. For the connection to Spicer's earlier frontier studies, see esp. 10-11. Miguel León-Portilla, "The Norteño Variety of Mexican Culture: An Ethnohistorical Approach," 77-114, strongly complemented Spicer's account and usage, but John H. Parry, "Plural Society in the Southwest: A Historical Comment," 299-320, at times verged on the older assimilationist tale that Spicer and most of his coauthors were criticizing. Paul Bohannon, "Introduction," in Bohannon and Fred Plog, eds., Beyond the Frontier: Social Process and Cultural Change (Garden City, N. Y., 1967), xi.
    • Introduction , pp. 1-20
    • Spicer1
  • 138
    • 5844396730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edward H. Spicer and Raymond H. Thompson, Plural Society in the Southwest (New York, 1972). See Spicer's "Introduction," 1-20, and "Plural Society in the Southwest," 21-75. For the discussion of Barth, see esp. 54-64. For the connection to Spicer's earlier frontier studies, see esp. 10-11. Miguel León-Portilla, "The Norteño Variety of Mexican Culture: An Ethnohistorical Approach," 77-114, strongly complemented Spicer's account and usage, but John H. Parry, "Plural Society in the Southwest: A Historical Comment," 299-320, at times verged on the older assimilationist tale that Spicer and most of his coauthors were criticizing. Paul Bohannon, "Introduction," in Bohannon and Fred Plog, eds., Beyond the Frontier: Social Process and Cultural Change (Garden City, N. Y., 1967), xi.
    • Plural Society in the Southwest , pp. 21-75
  • 139
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    • Edward H. Spicer and Raymond H. Thompson, Plural Society in the Southwest (New York, 1972). See Spicer's "Introduction," 1-20, and "Plural Society in the Southwest," 21-75. For the discussion of Barth, see esp. 54-64. For the connection to Spicer's earlier frontier studies, see esp. 10-11. Miguel León-Portilla, "The Norteño Variety of Mexican Culture: An Ethnohistorical Approach," 77-114, strongly complemented Spicer's account and usage, but John H. Parry, "Plural Society in the Southwest: A Historical Comment," 299-320, at times verged on the older assimilationist tale that Spicer and most of his coauthors were criticizing. Paul Bohannon, "Introduction," in Bohannon and Fred Plog, eds., Beyond the Frontier: Social Process and Cultural Change (Garden City, N. Y., 1967), xi.
    • The Norteño Variety of Mexican Culture: An Ethnohistorical Approach , pp. 77-114
    • León-Portilla, M.1
  • 140
    • 85033832495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Edward H. Spicer and Raymond H. Thompson, Plural Society in the Southwest (New York, 1972). See Spicer's "Introduction," 1-20, and "Plural Society in the Southwest," 21-75. For the discussion of Barth, see esp. 54-64. For the connection to Spicer's earlier frontier studies, see esp. 10-11. Miguel León-Portilla, "The Norteño Variety of Mexican Culture: An Ethnohistorical Approach," 77-114, strongly complemented Spicer's account and usage, but John H. Parry, "Plural Society in the Southwest: A Historical Comment," 299-320, at times verged on the older assimilationist tale that Spicer and most of his coauthors were criticizing. Paul Bohannon, "Introduction," in Bohannon and Fred Plog, eds., Beyond the Frontier: Social Process and Cultural Change (Garden City, N. Y., 1967), xi.
    • Plural Society in the Southwest: A Historical Comment , pp. 299-320
    • Parry, J.H.1
  • 141
    • 5844389397 scopus 로고
    • Introduction
    • Bohannon and Fred Plog, eds., Garden City, N. Y.
    • Edward H. Spicer and Raymond H. Thompson, Plural Society in the Southwest (New York, 1972). See Spicer's "Introduction," 1-20, and "Plural Society in the Southwest," 21-75. For the discussion of Barth, see esp. 54-64. For the connection to Spicer's earlier frontier studies, see esp. 10-11. Miguel León-Portilla, "The Norteño Variety of Mexican Culture: An Ethnohistorical Approach," 77-114, strongly complemented Spicer's account and usage, but John H. Parry, "Plural Society in the Southwest: A Historical Comment," 299-320, at times verged on the older assimilationist tale that Spicer and most of his coauthors were criticizing. Paul Bohannon, "Introduction," in Bohannon and Fred Plog, eds., Beyond the Frontier: Social Process and Cultural Change (Garden City, N. Y., 1967), xi.
    • (1967) Beyond the Frontier: Social Process and Cultural Change
    • Bohannon, P.1
  • 142
    • 0003757073 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • The literature is vast, but for a sampling, see Owen Lattimore, Studies in Frontier History: Collected Papers, 1928-1958 (New York, 1962); James Westphal Thompson, An Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages, 300-1300 (New York, 1928); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America"; Walter Prescott Webb, The Great Frontier (Boston, 1952); Dietrich Gerhard, "The Frontier in Comparative View," Comparative Studies in Society and History, I (1959), 205-229; Marvin Mikesell, "Comparative Studies in Frontier History," Annals of the Association of American Geographers, L (1960), 62-74; Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (San Diego, 1974), esp. 15-79; and William H. McNeill, The Great Frontier: Freedom and Hierarchy in Modern Times (Princeton, 1983).
    • (1962) Studies in Frontier History: Collected Papers, 1928-1958
    • Lattimore, O.1
  • 143
    • 5844409935 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • The literature is vast, but for a sampling, see Owen Lattimore, Studies in Frontier History: Collected Papers, 1928-1958 (New York, 1962); James Westphal Thompson, An Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages, 300-1300 (New York, 1928); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America"; Walter Prescott Webb, The Great Frontier (Boston, 1952); Dietrich Gerhard, "The Frontier in Comparative View," Comparative Studies in Society and History, I (1959), 205-229; Marvin Mikesell, "Comparative Studies in Frontier History," Annals of the Association of American Geographers, L (1960), 62-74; Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (San Diego, 1974), esp. 15-79; and William H. McNeill, The Great Frontier: Freedom and Hierarchy in Modern Times (Princeton, 1983).
    • (1928) An Economic and Social History of the middle Ages, 300-1300
    • Thompson, J.W.1
  • 144
    • 5844414747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The literature is vast, but for a sampling, see Owen Lattimore, Studies in Frontier History: Collected Papers, 1928-1958 (New York, 1962); James Westphal Thompson, An Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages, 300-1300 (New York, 1928); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America"; Walter Prescott Webb, The Great Frontier (Boston, 1952); Dietrich Gerhard, "The Frontier in Comparative View," Comparative Studies in Society and History, I (1959), 205-229; Marvin Mikesell, "Comparative Studies in Frontier History," Annals of the Association of American Geographers, L (1960), 62-74; Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (San Diego, 1974), esp. 15-79; and William H. McNeill, The Great Frontier: Freedom and Hierarchy in Modern Times (Princeton, 1983).
    • The Epic of Greater America
    • Bolton1
  • 145
    • 0013379596 scopus 로고
    • Boston
    • The literature is vast, but for a sampling, see Owen Lattimore, Studies in Frontier History: Collected Papers, 1928-1958 (New York, 1962); James Westphal Thompson, An Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages, 300-1300 (New York, 1928); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America"; Walter Prescott Webb, The Great Frontier (Boston, 1952); Dietrich Gerhard, "The Frontier in Comparative View," Comparative Studies in Society and History, I (1959), 205-229; Marvin Mikesell, "Comparative Studies in Frontier History," Annals of the Association of American Geographers, L (1960), 62-74; Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (San Diego, 1974), esp. 15-79; and William H. McNeill, The Great Frontier: Freedom and Hierarchy in Modern Times (Princeton, 1983).
    • (1952) The Great Frontier
    • Webb, W.P.1
  • 146
    • 5844349114 scopus 로고
    • The Frontier in Comparative View
    • The literature is vast, but for a sampling, see Owen Lattimore, Studies in Frontier History: Collected Papers, 1928-1958 (New York, 1962); James Westphal Thompson, An Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages, 300-1300 (New York, 1928); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America"; Walter Prescott Webb, The Great Frontier (Boston, 1952); Dietrich Gerhard, "The Frontier in Comparative View," Comparative Studies in Society and History, I (1959), 205-229; Marvin Mikesell, "Comparative Studies in Frontier History," Annals of the Association of American Geographers, L (1960), 62-74; Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (San Diego, 1974), esp. 15-79; and William H. McNeill, The Great Frontier: Freedom and Hierarchy in Modern Times (Princeton, 1983).
    • (1959) Comparative Studies in Society and History , vol.1 , pp. 205-229
    • Gerhard, D.1
  • 147
    • 0003244327 scopus 로고
    • Comparative Studies in Frontier History
    • The literature is vast, but for a sampling, see Owen Lattimore, Studies in Frontier History: Collected Papers, 1928-1958 (New York, 1962); James Westphal Thompson, An Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages, 300-1300 (New York, 1928); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America"; Walter Prescott Webb, The Great Frontier (Boston, 1952); Dietrich Gerhard, "The Frontier in Comparative View," Comparative Studies in Society and History, I (1959), 205-229; Marvin Mikesell, "Comparative Studies in Frontier History," Annals of the Association of American Geographers, L (1960), 62-74; Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (San Diego, 1974), esp. 15-79; and William H. McNeill, The Great Frontier: Freedom and Hierarchy in Modern Times (Princeton, 1983).
    • (1960) Annals of the Association of American Geographers , vol.L , pp. 62-74
    • Mikesell, M.1
  • 148
    • 5844412887 scopus 로고
    • San Diego
    • The literature is vast, but for a sampling, see Owen Lattimore, Studies in Frontier History: Collected Papers, 1928-1958 (New York, 1962); James Westphal Thompson, An Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages, 300-1300 (New York, 1928); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America"; Walter Prescott Webb, The Great Frontier (Boston, 1952); Dietrich Gerhard, "The Frontier in Comparative View," Comparative Studies in Society and History, I (1959), 205-229; Marvin Mikesell, "Comparative Studies in Frontier History," Annals of the Association of American Geographers, L (1960), 62-74; Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (San Diego, 1974), esp. 15-79; and William H. McNeill, The Great Frontier: Freedom and Hierarchy in Modern Times (Princeton, 1983).
    • (1974) The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century , pp. 15-79
    • Wallerstein, I.1
  • 149
    • 0038915168 scopus 로고
    • Princeton
    • The literature is vast, but for a sampling, see Owen Lattimore, Studies in Frontier History: Collected Papers, 1928-1958 (New York, 1962); James Westphal Thompson, An Economic and Social History of the Middle Ages, 300-1300 (New York, 1928); Bolton, "The Epic of Greater America"; Walter Prescott Webb, The Great Frontier (Boston, 1952); Dietrich Gerhard, "The Frontier in Comparative View," Comparative Studies in Society and History, I (1959), 205-229; Marvin Mikesell, "Comparative Studies in Frontier History," Annals of the Association of American Geographers, L (1960), 62-74; Immanuel Wallerstein, The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century (San Diego, 1974), esp. 15-79; and William H. McNeill, The Great Frontier: Freedom and Hierarchy in Modern Times (Princeton, 1983).
    • (1983) The Great Frontier: Freedom and Hierarchy in Modern Times
    • McNeill, W.H.1
  • 150
    • 5844347742 scopus 로고
    • The Limits of Cultural Studies
    • I mean by "cultural studies" something broader than the neo-Marxist texts and scholars associated with the British program and writers like Raymond Williams and Stuart Hall. See José David Saldívar, "The Limits of Cultural Studies," American Literary History, II (1990), 251-266.
    • (1990) American Literary History , vol.2 , pp. 251-266
    • Saldívar, J.D.1
  • 151
    • 0002380338 scopus 로고
    • Ethnography as Narrative
    • Victor W. Turner and Bruner, eds., Urbana
    • Compare Edward M. Bruner, "Ethnography as Narrative," in Victor W. Turner and Bruner, eds., The Anthropology of Experience (Urbana, 1986), 139-153; and Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers." I have treated this topic at greater length in Frontiers of Historical Imagination: Narrating the European Occupation of Native America, 1890-1990 (Berkeley, forthcoming).
    • (1986) The Anthropology of Experience , pp. 139-153
    • Bruner, E.M.1
  • 152
    • 5844322983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compare Edward M. Bruner, "Ethnography as Narrative," in Victor W. Turner and Bruner, eds., The Anthropology of Experience (Urbana, 1986), 139-153; and Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers." I have treated this topic at greater length in Frontiers of Historical Imagination: Narrating the European Occupation of Native America, 1890-1990 (Berkeley, forthcoming).
    • Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers
    • Clifton1
  • 153
    • 85033849309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Berkeley, forthcoming
    • Compare Edward M. Bruner, "Ethnography as Narrative," in Victor W. Turner and Bruner, eds., The Anthropology of Experience (Urbana, 1986), 139-153; and Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers." I have treated this topic at greater length in Frontiers of Historical Imagination: Narrating the European Occupation of Native America, 1890-1990 (Berkeley, forthcoming).
    • Frontiers of Historical Imagination: Narrating the European Occupation of Native America, 1890-1990
  • 154
    • 85033866845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • I do not mean to suggest that only these three (and internally variegated) ethnicities, Anglo, Native, and Mexican, exemplify frontier issues and history. But the genealogy running from Spanish Borderlands history to Chicana/o studies illuminates broader patterns in historical imagination.
  • 155
    • 0009163822 scopus 로고
    • Albuquerque
    • George I. Sánchez, Forgotten People: A Study of New Mexicans (Albuquerque, 1940); Carey McWilliams, North from Mexico (New York, 1947); Robert Redfield, Tepoztlán, a Mexican Village: A Study of Folk Life (Chicago, 1930); Redfield, The Little Community, and Peasant Society and Culture (1955, 1956; reprint, Chicago, 1961); Oscar Lewis, Life in a Mexican Village: Tepoztlán Restudied (Urbana, 1951).
    • (1940) Forgotten People: A Study of New Mexicans
    • Sánchez, G.I.1
  • 156
    • 0040300533 scopus 로고
    • New York
    • George I. Sánchez, Forgotten People: A Study of New Mexicans (Albuquerque, 1940); Carey McWilliams, North from Mexico (New York, 1947); Robert Redfield, Tepoztlán, a Mexican Village: A Study of Folk Life (Chicago, 1930); Redfield, The Little Community, and Peasant Society and Culture (1955, 1956; reprint, Chicago, 1961); Oscar Lewis, Life in a Mexican Village: Tepoztlán Restudied (Urbana, 1951).
    • (1947) North from Mexico
    • McWilliams, C.1
  • 157
    • 0003981286 scopus 로고
    • Chicago
    • George I. Sánchez, Forgotten People: A Study of New Mexicans (Albuquerque, 1940); Carey McWilliams, North from Mexico (New York, 1947); Robert Redfield, Tepoztlán, a Mexican Village: A Study of Folk Life (Chicago, 1930); Redfield, The Little Community, and Peasant Society and Culture (1955, 1956; reprint, Chicago, 1961); Oscar Lewis, Life in a Mexican Village: Tepoztlán Restudied (Urbana, 1951).
    • (1930) Tepoztlán, a Mexican Village: A Study of Folk Life
    • Redfield, R.1
  • 158
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    • reprint, Chicago, 1961
    • George I. Sánchez, Forgotten People: A Study of New Mexicans (Albuquerque, 1940); Carey McWilliams, North from Mexico (New York, 1947); Robert Redfield, Tepoztlán, a Mexican Village: A Study of Folk Life (Chicago, 1930); Redfield, The Little Community, and Peasant Society and Culture (1955, 1956; reprint, Chicago, 1961); Oscar Lewis, Life in a Mexican Village: Tepoztlán Restudied (Urbana, 1951).
    • (1955) The Little Community, and Peasant Society and Culture
    • Redfield1
  • 159
    • 0003884660 scopus 로고
    • Urbana
    • George I. Sánchez, Forgotten People: A Study of New Mexicans (Albuquerque, 1940); Carey McWilliams, North from Mexico (New York, 1947); Robert Redfield, Tepoztlán, a Mexican Village: A Study of Folk Life (Chicago, 1930); Redfield, The Little Community, and Peasant Society and Culture (1955, 1956; reprint, Chicago, 1961); Oscar Lewis, Life in a Mexican Village: Tepoztlán Restudied (Urbana, 1951).
    • (1951) Life in a Mexican Village: Tepoztlán Restudied
    • Lewis, O.1
  • 160
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    • El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán
    • "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts, I (1970), iv, v; Jesús Chavarría, "A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History," ibid., 133-141; Juan Gómez-Quiñones, "Toward a Perspective on Chicano History," Aztlán, II (1971), 1-50; idem and Luis L. Arroyo, "On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974," Western Historical Quarterly, VII (1976), 155-185; Carlos E. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," in Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest (Norman, 1983), 60-63; Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands"; Weber, "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect," Journal of the Southwest, XXIX (1987), 331-363; Renato Rosaldo, "Chicano Studies, 1970-1984," Annual Review of Anthropology, XIV (1985), 405-427; Yves-Charles Grandjeat, "Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 45-58; Alex Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay," Aztlán, XIX (1988-1990), 1-77; David G. Gutiérrez, "Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 519-539; and Ramón A. Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality," American Quarterly, XLV (1993), 44-72. Of these various works, Chavarría, Gómez-Quiñones, Cortes, and Weber all adopt Spanish Borderlands history (or even Hubert Howe Bancroft, in the case of Gómez-Quiñones), as a starting point for their historiographies. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," points to yet another development, the creation of a scholarly community devoted to transnational, international, or comparative studies of the United-States-Mexico border regions.
    • (1970) Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts , vol.1
  • 161
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    • A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History
    • "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts, I (1970), iv, v; Jesús Chavarría, "A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History," ibid., 133-141; Juan Gómez-Quiñones, "Toward a Perspective on Chicano History," Aztlán, II (1971), 1-50; idem and Luis L. Arroyo, "On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974," Western Historical Quarterly, VII (1976), 155-185; Carlos E. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," in Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest (Norman, 1983), 60-63; Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands"; Weber, "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect," Journal of the Southwest, XXIX (1987), 331-363; Renato Rosaldo, "Chicano Studies, 1970-1984," Annual Review of Anthropology, XIV (1985), 405-427; Yves-Charles Grandjeat, "Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 45-58; Alex Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay," Aztlán, XIX (1988-1990), 1-77; David G. Gutiérrez, "Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 519-539; and Ramón A. Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality," American Quarterly, XLV (1993), 44-72. Of these various works, Chavarría, Gómez-Quiñones, Cortes, and Weber all adopt Spanish Borderlands history (or even Hubert Howe Bancroft, in the case of Gómez-Quiñones), as a starting point for their historiographies. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," points to yet another development, the creation of a scholarly community devoted to transnational, international, or comparative studies of the United-States-Mexico border regions.
    • Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts , pp. 133-141
    • Chavarría, J.1
  • 162
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    • Toward a Perspective on Chicano History
    • "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts, I (1970), iv, v; Jesús Chavarría, "A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History," ibid., 133-141; Juan Gómez-Quiñones, "Toward a Perspective on Chicano History," Aztlán, II (1971), 1-50; idem and Luis L. Arroyo, "On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974," Western Historical Quarterly, VII (1976), 155-185; Carlos E. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," in Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest (Norman, 1983), 60-63; Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands"; Weber, "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect," Journal of the Southwest, XXIX (1987), 331-363; Renato Rosaldo, "Chicano Studies, 1970-1984," Annual Review of Anthropology, XIV (1985), 405-427; Yves-Charles Grandjeat, "Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 45-58; Alex Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay," Aztlán, XIX (1988-1990), 1-77; David G. Gutiérrez, "Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 519-539; and Ramón A. Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality," American Quarterly, XLV (1993), 44-72. Of these various works, Chavarría, Gómez-Quiñones, Cortes, and Weber all adopt Spanish Borderlands history (or even Hubert Howe Bancroft, in the case of Gómez-Quiñones), as a starting point for their historiographies. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," points to yet another development, the creation of a scholarly community devoted to transnational, international, or comparative studies of the United-States-Mexico border regions.
    • (1971) Aztlán , vol.2 , pp. 1-50
    • Gómez-Quiñones, J.1
  • 163
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    • On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974
    • "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts, I (1970), iv, v; Jesús Chavarría, "A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History," ibid., 133-141; Juan Gómez-Quiñones, "Toward a Perspective on Chicano History," Aztlán, II (1971), 1-50; idem and Luis L. Arroyo, "On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974," Western Historical Quarterly, VII (1976), 155-185; Carlos E. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," in Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest (Norman, 1983), 60-63; Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands"; Weber, "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect," Journal of the Southwest, XXIX (1987), 331-363; Renato Rosaldo, "Chicano Studies, 1970-1984," Annual Review of Anthropology, XIV (1985), 405-427; Yves-Charles Grandjeat, "Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 45-58; Alex Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay," Aztlán, XIX (1988-1990), 1-77; David G. Gutiérrez, "Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 519-539; and Ramón A. Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality," American Quarterly, XLV (1993), 44-72. Of these various works, Chavarría, Gómez-Quiñones, Cortes, and Weber all adopt Spanish Borderlands history (or even Hubert Howe Bancroft, in the case of Gómez-Quiñones), as a starting point for their historiographies. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," points to yet another development, the creation of a scholarly community devoted to transnational, international, or comparative studies of the United-States-Mexico border regions.
    • (1976) Western Historical Quarterly , vol.7 , pp. 155-185
    • Gómez-Quiñones, J.1    Arroyo, L.L.2
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    • New Chicano Historiography
    • Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Norman
    • "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts, I (1970), iv, v; Jesús Chavarría, "A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History," ibid., 133-141; Juan Gómez-Quiñones, "Toward a Perspective on Chicano History," Aztlán, II (1971), 1-50; idem and Luis L. Arroyo, "On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974," Western Historical Quarterly, VII (1976), 155-185; Carlos E. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," in Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest (Norman, 1983), 60-63; Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands"; Weber, "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect," Journal of the Southwest, XXIX (1987), 331-363; Renato Rosaldo, "Chicano Studies, 1970-1984," Annual Review of Anthropology, XIV (1985), 405-427; Yves-Charles Grandjeat, "Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 45-58; Alex Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay," Aztlán, XIX (1988-1990), 1-77; David G. Gutiérrez, "Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 519-539; and Ramón A. Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality," American Quarterly, XLV (1993), 44-72. Of these various works, Chavarría, Gómez-Quiñones, Cortes, and Weber all adopt Spanish Borderlands history (or even Hubert Howe Bancroft, in the case of Gómez-Quiñones), as a starting point for their historiographies. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," points to yet another development, the creation of a scholarly community devoted to transnational, international, or comparative studies of the United-States-Mexico border regions.
    • (1983) Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest , pp. 60-63
    • Cortes, C.E.1
  • 165
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    • "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts, I (1970), iv, v; Jesús Chavarría, "A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History," ibid., 133-141; Juan Gómez-Quiñones, "Toward a Perspective on Chicano History," Aztlán, II (1971), 1-50; idem and Luis L. Arroyo, "On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974," Western Historical Quarterly, VII (1976), 155-185; Carlos E. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," in Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest (Norman, 1983), 60-63; Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands"; Weber, "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect," Journal of the Southwest, XXIX (1987), 331-363; Renato Rosaldo, "Chicano Studies, 1970-1984," Annual Review of Anthropology, XIV (1985), 405-427; Yves-Charles Grandjeat, "Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 45-58; Alex Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay," Aztlán, XIX (1988-1990), 1-77; David G. Gutiérrez, "Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 519-539; and Ramón A. Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality," American Quarterly, XLV (1993), 44-72. Of these various works, Chavarría, Gómez-Quiñones, Cortes, and Weber all adopt Spanish Borderlands history (or even Hubert Howe Bancroft, in the case of Gómez-Quiñones), as a starting point for their historiographies. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," points to yet another development, the creation of a scholarly community devoted to transnational, international, or comparative studies of the United-States-Mexico border regions.
    • Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands
    • Weber1
  • 166
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    • John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect
    • "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts, I (1970), iv, v; Jesús Chavarría, "A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History," ibid., 133-141; Juan Gómez-Quiñones, "Toward a Perspective on Chicano History," Aztlán, II (1971), 1-50; idem and Luis L. Arroyo, "On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974," Western Historical Quarterly, VII (1976), 155-185; Carlos E. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," in Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest (Norman, 1983), 60-63; Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands"; Weber, "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect," Journal of the Southwest, XXIX (1987), 331-363; Renato Rosaldo, "Chicano Studies, 1970-1984," Annual Review of Anthropology, XIV (1985), 405-427; Yves-Charles Grandjeat, "Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 45-58; Alex Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay," Aztlán, XIX (1988-1990), 1-77; David G. Gutiérrez, "Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 519-539; and Ramón A. Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality," American Quarterly, XLV (1993), 44-72. Of these various works, Chavarría, Gómez-Quiñones, Cortes, and Weber all adopt Spanish Borderlands history (or even Hubert Howe Bancroft, in the case of Gómez-Quiñones), as a starting point for their historiographies. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," points to yet another development, the creation of a scholarly community devoted to transnational, international, or comparative studies of the United-States-Mexico border regions.
    • (1987) Journal of the Southwest , vol.29 , pp. 331-363
    • Weber1
  • 167
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    • Chicano Studies, 1970-1984
    • "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts, I (1970), iv, v; Jesús Chavarría, "A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History," ibid., 133-141; Juan Gómez-Quiñones, "Toward a Perspective on Chicano History," Aztlán, II (1971), 1-50; idem and Luis L. Arroyo, "On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974," Western Historical Quarterly, VII (1976), 155-185; Carlos E. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," in Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest (Norman, 1983), 60-63; Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands"; Weber, "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect," Journal of the Southwest, XXIX (1987), 331-363; Renato Rosaldo, "Chicano Studies, 1970-1984," Annual Review of Anthropology, XIV (1985), 405-427; Yves-Charles Grandjeat, "Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 45-58; Alex Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay," Aztlán, XIX (1988-1990), 1-77; David G. Gutiérrez, "Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 519-539; and Ramón A. Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality," American Quarterly, XLV (1993), 44-72. Of these various works, Chavarría, Gómez-Quiñones, Cortes, and Weber all adopt Spanish Borderlands history (or even Hubert Howe Bancroft, in the case of Gómez-Quiñones), as a starting point for their historiographies. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," points to yet another development, the creation of a scholarly community devoted to transnational, international, or comparative studies of the United-States-Mexico border regions.
    • (1985) Annual Review of Anthropology , vol.14 , pp. 405-427
    • Rosaldo, R.1
  • 168
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    • Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History
    • "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts, I (1970), iv, v; Jesús Chavarría, "A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History," ibid., 133-141; Juan Gómez-Quiñones, "Toward a Perspective on Chicano History," Aztlán, II (1971), 1-50; idem and Luis L. Arroyo, "On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974," Western Historical Quarterly, VII (1976), 155-185; Carlos E. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," in Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest (Norman, 1983), 60-63; Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands"; Weber, "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect," Journal of the Southwest, XXIX (1987), 331-363; Renato Rosaldo, "Chicano Studies, 1970-1984," Annual Review of Anthropology, XIV (1985), 405-427; Yves-Charles Grandjeat, "Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 45-58; Alex Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay," Aztlán, XIX (1988-1990), 1-77; David G. Gutiérrez, "Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 519-539; and Ramón A. Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality," American Quarterly, XLV (1993), 44-72. Of these various works, Chavarría, Gómez-Quiñones, Cortes, and Weber all adopt Spanish Borderlands history (or even Hubert Howe Bancroft, in the case of Gómez-Quiñones), as a starting point for their historiographies. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," points to yet another development, the creation of a scholarly community devoted to transnational, international, or comparative studies of the United-States-Mexico border regions.
    • (1987) Aztlán , vol.18 , pp. 45-58
    • Grandjeat, Y.-C.1
  • 169
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    • Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay
    • "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts, I (1970), iv, v; Jesús Chavarría, "A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History," ibid., 133-141; Juan Gómez-Quiñones, "Toward a Perspective on Chicano History," Aztlán, II (1971), 1-50; idem and Luis L. Arroyo, "On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974," Western Historical Quarterly, VII (1976), 155-185; Carlos E. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," in Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest (Norman, 1983), 60-63; Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands"; Weber, "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect," Journal of the Southwest, XXIX (1987), 331-363; Renato Rosaldo, "Chicano Studies, 1970-1984," Annual Review of Anthropology, XIV (1985), 405-427; Yves-Charles Grandjeat, "Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 45-58; Alex Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay," Aztlán, XIX (1988-1990), 1-77; David G. Gutiérrez, "Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 519-539; and Ramón A. Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality," American Quarterly, XLV (1993), 44-72. Of these various works, Chavarría, Gómez-Quiñones, Cortes, and Weber all adopt Spanish Borderlands history (or even Hubert Howe Bancroft, in the case of Gómez-Quiñones), as a starting point for their historiographies. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," points to yet another development, the creation of a scholarly community devoted to transnational, international, or comparative studies of the United-States-Mexico border regions.
    • (1988) Aztlán , vol.19 , pp. 1-77
    • Saragoza, A.1
  • 170
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    • Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West
    • "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts, I (1970), iv, v; Jesús Chavarría, "A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History," ibid., 133-141; Juan Gómez-Quiñones, "Toward a Perspective on Chicano History," Aztlán, II (1971), 1-50; idem and Luis L. Arroyo, "On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974," Western Historical Quarterly, VII (1976), 155-185; Carlos E. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," in Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest (Norman, 1983), 60-63; Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands"; Weber, "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect," Journal of the Southwest, XXIX (1987), 331-363; Renato Rosaldo, "Chicano Studies, 1970-1984," Annual Review of Anthropology, XIV (1985), 405-427; Yves-Charles Grandjeat, "Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 45-58; Alex Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay," Aztlán, XIX (1988-1990), 1-77; David G. Gutiérrez, "Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 519-539; and Ramón A. Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality," American Quarterly, XLV (1993), 44-72. Of these various works, Chavarría, Gómez-Quiñones, Cortes, and Weber all adopt Spanish Borderlands history (or even Hubert Howe Bancroft, in the case of Gómez-Quiñones), as a starting point for their historiographies. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," points to yet another development, the creation of a scholarly community devoted to transnational, international, or comparative studies of the United-States-Mexico border regions.
    • (1993) Western Historical Quarterly , vol.24 , pp. 519-539
    • Gutiérrez, D.G.1
  • 171
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    • Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality
    • "El Plan Espiritual de Aztlán," Aztlán: Chicano Journal for the Social Sciences and the Arts, I (1970), iv, v; Jesús Chavarría, "A Précis and a Tentative Bibliography on Chicano History," ibid., 133-141; Juan Gómez-Quiñones, "Toward a Perspective on Chicano History," Aztlán, II (1971), 1-50; idem and Luis L. Arroyo, "On the State of Chicano History: Observations on Its Development, Interpretations, and Theory, 1970-1974," Western Historical Quarterly, VII (1976), 155-185; Carlos E. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," in Ellwyn R. Stoddard et al., eds., Borderlands Sourcebook: A Guide to Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest (Norman, 1983), 60-63; Weber, "Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands"; Weber, "John Francis Bannon and the Historiography of the Spanish Borderlands: Retrospect and Prospect," Journal of the Southwest, XXIX (1987), 331-363; Renato Rosaldo, "Chicano Studies, 1970-1984," Annual Review of Anthropology, XIV (1985), 405-427; Yves-Charles Grandjeat, "Conflicts and Cohesiveness: The Elusive Quest for a Chicano History," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 45-58; Alex Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography: An Interpretive Essay," Aztlán, XIX (1988-1990), 1-77; David G. Gutiérrez, "Significant to Whom? Mexican Americans and the History of the American West," Western Historical Quarterly, XXIV (1993), 519-539; and Ramón A. Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy and Individualism: The Politics of Chicano History and the Dream of Equality," American Quarterly, XLV (1993), 44-72. Of these various works, Chavarría, Gómez-Quiñones, Cortes, and Weber all adopt Spanish Borderlands history (or even Hubert Howe Bancroft, in the case of Gómez-Quiñones), as a starting point for their historiographies. Cortes, "New Chicano Historiography," points to yet another development, the creation of a scholarly community devoted to transnational, international, or comparative studies of the United-States-Mexico border regions.
    • (1993) American Quarterly , vol.45 , pp. 44-72
    • Gutiérrez, R.A.1
  • 172
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    • Albuquerque
    • See, for instance, John R. Chávez, The Lost Land: Chicano Images of the Southwest (Albuquerque, 1984); Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography." Compare the frontier regionalism of Chavez with that in Richard Nostrand, "A Changing Culture Region," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 6-15; and Oscar J. Martinez, Troublesome Border (Tucson, 1988).
    • (1984) The Lost Land: Chicano Images of the Southwest
    • Chávez, J.R.1
  • 173
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    • See, for instance, John R. Chávez, The Lost Land: Chicano Images of the Southwest (Albuquerque, 1984); Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography." Compare the frontier regionalism of Chavez with that in Richard Nostrand, "A Changing Culture Region," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 6-15; and Oscar J. Martinez, Troublesome Border (Tucson, 1988).
    • Recent Chicano Historiography
    • Saragoza1
  • 174
    • 84920027660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Changing Culture Region
    • See, for instance, John R. Chávez, The Lost Land: Chicano Images of the Southwest (Albuquerque, 1984); Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography." Compare the frontier regionalism of Chavez with that in Richard Nostrand, "A Changing Culture Region," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 6-15; and Oscar J. Martinez, Troublesome Border (Tucson, 1988).
    • Borderlands Sourcebook , pp. 6-15
    • Nostrand, R.1
  • 175
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    • Tucson
    • See, for instance, John R. Chávez, The Lost Land: Chicano Images of the Southwest (Albuquerque, 1984); Saragoza, "Recent Chicano Historiography." Compare the frontier regionalism of Chavez with that in Richard Nostrand, "A Changing Culture Region," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 6-15; and Oscar J. Martinez, Troublesome Border (Tucson, 1988).
    • (1988) Troublesome Border
    • Martinez, O.J.1
  • 177
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    • 1950, 1959; Eng. lang, ed., New York
    • Octavio Paz, The Labyrinth of Solitude (1950, 1959; Eng. lang, ed., New York, 1985); Paz, "Return to the Labyrinth of Solitude," in ibid., 327-354; Américo Parades, "With His Pistol in His Hand": A Border Ballad and Its Hero (Austin, 1958). The gendering rested partly on grammatic structure. Where English had long used "man" as a universal figure subsuming both male and female, the masculine "-o" ending of Spanish meant that "Chicano," "Hispano," and "mestizo" were gender coded in much the same way. For Chicanas, as for other women hidden under masculine labels, the figures handed down painful traditions of patriarchy along with a politicized ethnic consciousness, and the emergence of "Chicana/o" as a discursive form partly represents the desire to make linguistic structure more gender balanced; it also reflects a self-consciousness about the fluidity of subjectivity and culture.
    • (1985) The Labyrinth of Solitude
    • Paz, O.1
  • 178
    • 85033862831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Return to the Labyrinth of Solitude
    • Octavio Paz, The Labyrinth of Solitude (1950, 1959; Eng. lang, ed., New York, 1985); Paz, "Return to the Labyrinth of Solitude," in ibid., 327-354; Américo Parades, "With His Pistol in His Hand": A Border Ballad and Its Hero (Austin, 1958). The gendering rested partly on grammatic structure. Where English had long used "man" as a universal figure subsuming both male and female, the masculine "-o" ending of Spanish meant that "Chicano," "Hispano," and "mestizo" were gender coded in much the same way. For Chicanas, as for other women hidden under masculine labels, the figures handed down painful traditions of patriarchy along with a politicized ethnic consciousness, and the emergence of "Chicana/o" as a discursive form partly represents the desire to make linguistic structure more gender balanced; it also reflects a self-consciousness about the fluidity of subjectivity and culture.
    • The Labyrinth of Solitude , pp. 327-354
    • Paz1
  • 179
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    • Austin
    • Octavio Paz, The Labyrinth of Solitude (1950, 1959; Eng. lang, ed., New York, 1985); Paz, "Return to the Labyrinth of Solitude," in ibid., 327-354; Américo Parades, "With His Pistol in His Hand": A Border Ballad and Its Hero (Austin, 1958). The gendering rested partly on grammatic structure. Where English had long used "man" as a universal figure subsuming both male and female, the masculine "-o" ending of Spanish meant that "Chicano," "Hispano," and "mestizo" were gender coded in much the same way. For Chicanas, as for other women hidden under masculine labels, the figures handed down painful traditions of patriarchy along with a politicized ethnic consciousness, and the emergence of "Chicana/o" as a discursive form partly represents the desire to make linguistic structure more gender balanced; it also reflects a self-consciousness about the fluidity of subjectivity and culture.
    • (1958) With His Pistol in His Hand": A Border Ballad and Its Hero
    • Parades, A.1
  • 180
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    • Chicana's Feminist Literature: A Re-Vision through Malintzin/or
    • Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa, eds., 1981; 2nd ed., New York
    • Norma Alarcón, "Chicana's Feminist Literature: A Re-Vision through Malintzin/or Malintzin: Putting Flesh Back on the Object," in Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa, eds., This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (1981; 2nd ed., New York, 1983), 182-190; Audre Lorde, "An Open Letter to Mary Daly," in This Bridge, 96. On the book itself, see Norma Alarcón, "The Theoretical Subject(s) of This Bridge Called My Back and Anglo-American Feminism," in Hector Calderón and José David Saldivar, eds., Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicane Literature, Culture, and Ideology (Durham, N. C., 1991), 28-39; and Sonia SaldívarHull, "Feminism on the Border," in ibid., 203-219. Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes this work in his survey of Chicano history. See also Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy, and Individualism"; Norma Alarcón, "Traddutura, Traditora: A Paradigmatic Figure of Chicana Feminism," in Donna Przybylowicz et al., eds., "The Construction of Gender and Modes of Social Division," a special issue of Cultural Critique, XIII (Fall 1989), 57-87; and Alarcón, "Chicana Feminism: In the Tracks of 'the' Native Woman," in Rosa Linda Fregoso and Angle Chabram, eds., "Chicana/o Cultural Representations: Reframing Alternative Critical Discourse," a special issue of Cultural Studies, IV (Oct. 1990), 248-256.
    • (1983) This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color , pp. 182-190
    • Alarcón, N.1
  • 181
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    • An Open Letter to Mary Daly
    • Norma Alarcón, "Chicana's Feminist Literature: A Re-Vision through Malintzin/or Malintzin: Putting Flesh Back on the Object," in Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa, eds., This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (1981; 2nd ed., New York, 1983), 182-190; Audre Lorde, "An Open Letter to Mary Daly," in This Bridge, 96. On the book itself, see Norma Alarcón, "The Theoretical Subject(s) of This Bridge Called My Back and Anglo-American Feminism," in Hector Calderón and José David Saldivar, eds., Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicane Literature, Culture, and Ideology (Durham, N. C., 1991), 28-39; and Sonia SaldívarHull, "Feminism on the Border," in ibid., 203-219. Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes this work in his survey of Chicano history. See also Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy, and Individualism"; Norma Alarcón, "Traddutura, Traditora: A Paradigmatic Figure of Chicana Feminism," in Donna Przybylowicz et al., eds., "The Construction of Gender and Modes of Social Division," a special issue of Cultural Critique, XIII (Fall 1989), 57-87; and Alarcón, "Chicana Feminism: In the Tracks of 'the' Native Woman," in Rosa Linda Fregoso and Angle Chabram, eds., "Chicana/o Cultural Representations: Reframing Alternative Critical Discourse," a special issue of Cultural Studies, IV (Oct. 1990), 248-256.
    • This Bridge , pp. 96
    • Lorde, A.1
  • 182
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    • The Theoretical Subject(s) of This Bridge Called My Back and Anglo-American Feminism
    • Hector Calderón and José David Saldivar, eds., Durham, N. C.
    • Norma Alarcón, "Chicana's Feminist Literature: A Re-Vision through Malintzin/or Malintzin: Putting Flesh Back on the Object," in Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa, eds., This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (1981; 2nd ed., New York, 1983), 182-190; Audre Lorde, "An Open Letter to Mary Daly," in This Bridge, 96. On the book itself, see Norma Alarcón, "The Theoretical Subject(s) of This Bridge Called My Back and Anglo-American Feminism," in Hector Calderón and José David Saldivar, eds., Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicane Literature, Culture, and Ideology (Durham, N. C., 1991), 28-39; and Sonia SaldívarHull, "Feminism on the Border," in ibid., 203-219. Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes this work in his survey of Chicano history. See also Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy, and Individualism"; Norma Alarcón, "Traddutura, Traditora: A Paradigmatic Figure of Chicana Feminism," in Donna Przybylowicz et al., eds., "The Construction of Gender and Modes of Social Division," a special issue of Cultural Critique, XIII (Fall 1989), 57-87; and Alarcón, "Chicana Feminism: In the Tracks of 'the' Native Woman," in Rosa Linda Fregoso and Angle Chabram, eds., "Chicana/o Cultural Representations: Reframing Alternative Critical Discourse," a special issue of Cultural Studies, IV (Oct. 1990), 248-256.
    • (1991) Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicane Literature, Culture, and Ideology , pp. 28-39
    • Alarcón, N.1
  • 183
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    • Feminism on the Border
    • Durham, N. C.
    • Norma Alarcón, "Chicana's Feminist Literature: A Re-Vision through Malintzin/or Malintzin: Putting Flesh Back on the Object," in Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa, eds., This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (1981; 2nd ed., New York, 1983), 182-190; Audre Lorde, "An Open Letter to Mary Daly," in This Bridge, 96. On the book itself, see Norma Alarcón, "The Theoretical Subject(s) of This Bridge Called My Back and Anglo-American Feminism," in Hector Calderón and José David Saldivar, eds., Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicane Literature, Culture, and Ideology (Durham, N. C., 1991), 28-39; and Sonia SaldívarHull, "Feminism on the Border," in ibid., 203-219. Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes this work in his survey of Chicano history. See also Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy, and Individualism"; Norma Alarcón, "Traddutura, Traditora: A Paradigmatic Figure of Chicana Feminism," in Donna Przybylowicz et al., eds., "The Construction of Gender and Modes of Social Division," a special issue of Cultural Critique, XIII (Fall 1989), 57-87; and Alarcón, "Chicana Feminism: In the Tracks of 'the' Native Woman," in Rosa Linda Fregoso and Angle Chabram, eds., "Chicana/o Cultural Representations: Reframing Alternative Critical Discourse," a special issue of Cultural Studies, IV (Oct. 1990), 248-256.
    • Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicane Literature, Culture, and Ideology , pp. 203-219
    • Saldívarhull, S.1
  • 184
    • 85033843644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Norma Alarcón, "Chicana's Feminist Literature: A Re-Vision through Malintzin/or Malintzin: Putting Flesh Back on the Object," in Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa, eds., This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (1981; 2nd ed., New York, 1983), 182-190; Audre Lorde, "An Open Letter to Mary Daly," in This Bridge, 96. On the book itself, see Norma Alarcón, "The Theoretical Subject(s) of This Bridge Called My Back and Anglo-American Feminism," in Hector Calderón and José David Saldivar, eds., Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicane Literature, Culture, and Ideology (Durham, N. C., 1991), 28-39; and Sonia SaldívarHull, "Feminism on the Border," in ibid., 203-219. Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes this work in his survey of Chicano history. See also Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy, and Individualism"; Norma Alarcón, "Traddutura, Traditora: A Paradigmatic Figure of Chicana Feminism," in Donna Przybylowicz et al., eds., "The Construction of Gender and Modes of Social Division," a special issue of Cultural Critique, XIII (Fall 1989), 57-87; and Alarcón, "Chicana Feminism: In the Tracks of 'the' Native Woman," in Rosa Linda Fregoso and Angle Chabram, eds., "Chicana/o Cultural Representations: Reframing Alternative Critical Discourse," a special issue of Cultural Studies, IV (Oct. 1990), 248-256.
    • Significant for Whom?
    • Gutiérrez1
  • 185
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    • Norma Alarcón, "Chicana's Feminist Literature: A Re-Vision through Malintzin/or Malintzin: Putting Flesh Back on the Object," in Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa, eds., This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (1981; 2nd ed., New York, 1983), 182-190; Audre Lorde, "An Open Letter to Mary Daly," in This Bridge, 96. On the book itself, see Norma Alarcón, "The Theoretical Subject(s) of This Bridge Called My Back and Anglo-American Feminism," in Hector Calderón and José David Saldivar, eds., Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicane Literature, Culture, and Ideology (Durham, N. C., 1991), 28-39; and Sonia SaldívarHull, "Feminism on the Border," in ibid., 203-219. Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes this work in his survey of Chicano history. See also Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy, and Individualism"; Norma Alarcón, "Traddutura, Traditora: A Paradigmatic Figure of Chicana Feminism," in Donna Przybylowicz et al., eds., "The Construction of Gender and Modes of Social Division," a special issue of Cultural Critique, XIII (Fall 1989), 57-87; and Alarcón, "Chicana Feminism: In the Tracks of 'the' Native Woman," in Rosa Linda Fregoso and Angle Chabram, eds., "Chicana/o Cultural Representations: Reframing Alternative Critical Discourse," a special issue of Cultural Studies, IV (Oct. 1990), 248-256.
    • Community, Patriarchy, and Individualism
    • Gutiérrez1
  • 186
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    • Traddutura, Traditora: A Paradigmatic Figure of Chicana Feminism
    • Donna Przybylowicz et al., eds., "The Construction of Gender and Modes of Social Division,", Fall
    • Norma Alarcón, "Chicana's Feminist Literature: A Re-Vision through Malintzin/or Malintzin: Putting Flesh Back on the Object," in Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa, eds., This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (1981; 2nd ed., New York, 1983), 182-190; Audre Lorde, "An Open Letter to Mary Daly," in This Bridge, 96. On the book itself, see Norma Alarcón, "The Theoretical Subject(s) of This Bridge Called My Back and Anglo-American Feminism," in Hector Calderón and José David Saldivar, eds., Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicane Literature, Culture, and Ideology (Durham, N. C., 1991), 28-39; and Sonia SaldívarHull, "Feminism on the Border," in ibid., 203-219. Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes this work in his survey of Chicano history. See also Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy, and Individualism"; Norma Alarcón, "Traddutura, Traditora: A Paradigmatic Figure of Chicana Feminism," in Donna Przybylowicz et al., eds., "The Construction of Gender and Modes of Social Division," a special issue of Cultural Critique, XIII (Fall 1989), 57-87; and Alarcón, "Chicana Feminism: In the Tracks of 'the' Native Woman," in Rosa Linda Fregoso and Angle Chabram, eds., "Chicana/o Cultural Representations: Reframing Alternative Critical Discourse," a special issue of Cultural Studies, IV (Oct. 1990), 248-256.
    • (1989) Cultural Critique , vol.13 , Issue.SPECIAL ISSUE , pp. 57-87
    • Alarcón, N.1
  • 187
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    • Chicana Feminism: In the Tracks of 'The' Native Woman
    • Rosa Linda Fregoso and Angle Chabram, eds., "Chicana/o Cultural Representations: Reframing Alternative Critical Discourse,", Oct.
    • Norma Alarcón, "Chicana's Feminist Literature: A Re-Vision through Malintzin/or Malintzin: Putting Flesh Back on the Object," in Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldúa, eds., This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (1981; 2nd ed., New York, 1983), 182-190; Audre Lorde, "An Open Letter to Mary Daly," in This Bridge, 96. On the book itself, see Norma Alarcón, "The Theoretical Subject(s) of This Bridge Called My Back and Anglo-American Feminism," in Hector Calderón and José David Saldivar, eds., Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in Chicane Literature, Culture, and Ideology (Durham, N. C., 1991), 28-39; and Sonia SaldívarHull, "Feminism on the Border," in ibid., 203-219. Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes this work in his survey of Chicano history. See also Gutiérrez, "Community, Patriarchy, and Individualism"; Norma Alarcón, "Traddutura, Traditora: A Paradigmatic Figure of Chicana Feminism," in Donna Przybylowicz et al., eds., "The Construction of Gender and Modes of Social Division," a special issue of Cultural Critique, XIII (Fall 1989), 57-87; and Alarcón, "Chicana Feminism: In the Tracks of 'the' Native Woman," in Rosa Linda Fregoso and Angle Chabram, eds., "Chicana/o Cultural Representations: Reframing Alternative Critical Discourse," a special issue of Cultural Studies, IV (Oct. 1990), 248-256.
    • (1990) Cultural Studies , vol.4 , pp. 248-256
    • Alarcón1
  • 188
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    • See, for instance, Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies; boundary 2; Maria Herrera-Sobek and Helena Maria Viramontes, eds., Chicana Creativity and Criticism: Charting New Frontiers in American Literature (Houston, 1988); and Annette Kolodny, "Letting Go Our Grand Obsessions: Notes Towards a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," American Literature, LXIV (1992), 1-18.
    • Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies; Boundary 2
  • 190
    • 0040630808 scopus 로고
    • Letting Go Our Grand Obsessions: Notes Towards a New Literary History of the American Frontiers
    • See, for instance, Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies; boundary 2; Maria Herrera-Sobek and Helena Maria Viramontes, eds., Chicana Creativity and Criticism: Charting New Frontiers in American Literature (Houston, 1988); and Annette Kolodny, "Letting Go Our Grand Obsessions: Notes Towards a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," American Literature, LXIV (1992), 1-18.
    • (1992) American Literature , vol.64 , pp. 1-18
    • Kolodny, A.1
  • 191
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    • San Francisco
    • Gloria Anzaldua, Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestizo (San Francisco, 1987). See the discussions in Saldivar-Hull, "Feminism on the Border"; Ramón Saldívar, Chicano Narrative: The Dialectics of Difference (Madison, 1990), 218; and Saldívar, "The Limits of Cultural Studies." Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes This Bridge in the canon of Chicano history but leaves Borderlands/La Frontera in the footnotes.
    • (1987) Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestizo
    • Anzaldua, G.1
  • 192
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    • Gloria Anzaldua, Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestizo (San Francisco, 1987). See the discussions in Saldivar-Hull, "Feminism on the Border"; Ramón Saldívar, Chicano Narrative: The Dialectics of Difference (Madison, 1990), 218; and Saldívar, "The Limits of Cultural Studies." Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes This Bridge in the canon of Chicano history but leaves Borderlands/La Frontera in the footnotes.
    • Feminism on the Border
    • Saldivar-Hull1
  • 193
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    • Madison
    • Gloria Anzaldua, Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestizo (San Francisco, 1987). See the discussions in Saldivar-Hull, "Feminism on the Border"; Ramón Saldívar, Chicano Narrative: The Dialectics of Difference (Madison, 1990), 218; and Saldívar, "The Limits of Cultural Studies." Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes This Bridge in the canon of Chicano history but leaves Borderlands/La Frontera in the footnotes.
    • (1990) Chicano Narrative: The Dialectics of Difference , pp. 218
    • Saldívar, R.1
  • 194
    • 85033848635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gloria Anzaldua, Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestizo (San Francisco, 1987). See the discussions in Saldivar-Hull, "Feminism on the Border"; Ramón Saldívar, Chicano Narrative: The Dialectics of Difference (Madison, 1990), 218; and Saldívar, "The Limits of Cultural Studies." Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes This Bridge in the canon of Chicano history but leaves Borderlands/La Frontera in the footnotes.
    • The Limits of Cultural Studies
    • Saldívar1
  • 195
    • 85033856749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significant for Whom?
    • includes Borderlands/La Frontera
    • Gloria Anzaldua, Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestizo (San Francisco, 1987). See the discussions in Saldivar-Hull, "Feminism on the Border"; Ramón Saldívar, Chicano Narrative: The Dialectics of Difference (Madison, 1990), 218; and Saldívar, "The Limits of Cultural Studies." Gutiérrez, "Significant for Whom?," includes This Bridge in the canon of Chicano history but leaves Borderlands/La Frontera in the footnotes.
    • This Bridge
    • Gutiérrez1
  • 196
    • 85033860810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anzaldúa, Borderlands/La Frontera, 3, 11. See also Marcienne Rocard, "The Mexican-American Frontier: The Border in Mexican-American Folklore and Élitelore," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 83-94.
    • Borderlands/La Frontera , vol.3 , pp. 11
    • Anzaldúa1
  • 197
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    • The Mexican-American Frontier: The Border in Mexican-American Folklore and Élitelore
    • Anzaldúa, Borderlands/La Frontera, 3, 11. See also Marcienne Rocard, "The Mexican-American Frontier: The Border in Mexican-American Folklore and Élitelore," Aztlán, XVIII (1987), 83-94.
    • (1987) Aztlán , vol.18 , pp. 83-94
    • Rocard, M.1
  • 198
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    • London, n.p.
    • Roget's Thesaurus of Synonyms and Antonyms (London, 1978), n.p. To underscore the point, in 1975 a group of Women's Studies scholars centered at the University of Colorado, Boulder, began a new periodical, Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies. Frontiers has become known in recent years for publishing multicultural studies, but the "Letter to Our Readers" (in the first issue), placed the journal firmly on the frontier between academic and nonacademic feminists as a way of dissolving those "barriers" which "seem unnecessarily to divide women." Frontiers meant to transcend difference and incorporate all women in the circle of sisterhood. Just twelve years later Anzaldúa could employ the same language to legitimize division and difference.
    • (1978) Roget's Thesaurus of Synonyms and Antonyms
  • 199
    • 85033864760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roget's Thesaurus of Synonyms and Antonyms (London, 1978), n.p. To underscore the point, in 1975 a group of Women's Studies scholars centered at the University of Colorado, Boulder, began a new periodical, Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies. Frontiers has become known in recent years for publishing multicultural studies, but the "Letter to Our Readers" (in the first issue), placed the journal firmly on the frontier between academic and nonacademic feminists as a way of dissolving those "barriers" which "seem unnecessarily to divide women." Frontiers meant to transcend difference and incorporate all women in the circle of sisterhood. Just twelve years later Anzaldúa could employ the same language to legitimize division and difference.
    • Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies.
  • 200
    • 85033834043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roget's Thesaurus of Synonyms and Antonyms (London, 1978), n.p. To underscore the point, in 1975 a group of Women's Studies scholars centered at the University of Colorado, Boulder, began a new periodical, Frontiers: A Journal of Women's Studies. Frontiers has become known in recent years for publishing multicultural studies, but the "Letter to Our Readers" (in the first issue), placed the journal firmly on the frontier between academic and nonacademic feminists as a way of dissolving those "barriers" which "seem unnecessarily to divide women." Frontiers meant to transcend difference and incorporate all women in the circle of sisterhood. Just twelve years later Anzaldúa could employ the same language to legitimize division and difference.
    • Letter to Our Readers
  • 201
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    • Comparative Frontier History
    • New Haven
    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • (1981) The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared , pp. 3-13
    • Lamar, H.1    Thompson, L.2
  • 202
    • 84919958586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Borders and Frontiers
    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • Borderlands Sourcebook , pp. 16-19
    • Kutsche, P.1
  • 203
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    • Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History
    • New York
    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • (1993) Under An Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past , pp. 3-27
    • Cronon, W.1    Miles, G.2    Gitlin, J.3
  • 204
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    • Frontier
    • Boston
    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • (1986) Dictionary of Anthropology , pp. 125
    • Seymour-Smith, C.1
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    • Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner
    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • (1987) Western Historical Quarterly , vol.18 , pp. 157-176
    • Cronon, W.1
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    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers , pp. 9
    • Kolodny1
  • 207
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    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers
    • Clifton1
  • 208
    • 0010984837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The North American Frontier as Process and Context
    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • The Frontier in History , pp. 43-75
    • Berkhofer Jr., R.F.1
  • 209
    • 0001776695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads
    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • Trails , pp. 40-58
    • Pascoe, P.1
  • 210
    • 0004369036 scopus 로고
    • Wilmington, Del.
    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • (1994) When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History
    • Weber, D.J.1    Rausch, J.M.2
  • 211
    • 5844381593 scopus 로고
    • The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier
    • Nancy Shoemaker, ed., New York
    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • (1995) Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women , pp. 26-48
    • Brown, K.M.1
  • 212
    • 0004117710 scopus 로고
    • Bloomington
    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • (1987) The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies
    • Kopytoff, I.1
  • 213
    • 0027038390 scopus 로고
    • African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society
    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • (1992) American Anthropologist , vol.94 , pp. 376-397
    • Schlegel, A.1
  • 214
    • 0027045892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier
    • Howard Lamar and Leonard Thompson, "Comparative Frontier History," in The Frontier in History: North American and Southern Africa Compared (New Haven, 1981), 3-13; Paul Kutsche, "Borders and Frontiers," in Borderlands Sourcebook, 16-19; William Cronon, George Miles, and Jay Gitlin, "Becoming West: Toward a New Meaning for Western History," in Under an Open Sky: Rethinking America's Western Past (New York, 1993), 3-27; "Frontier," in Charlotte Seymour-Smith, ed., Dictionary of Anthropology (Boston, 1986), 125; William Cronon, "Revisiting the Vanishing Frontier: The Legacy of Frederick Jackson Turner," Western Historical Quarterly, XVIII (1987), 157-176; Kolodny, "Notes Toward a New Literary History of the American Frontiers," 9. See also Clifton, "Alternate Identities and Cultural Frontiers"; Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., "The North American Frontier as Process and Context," in The Frontier in History, 43-75; Peggy Pascoe, "Western Women at the Cultural Crossroads," in Trails, 40-58; David J. Weber and Jane M. Rausch, eds., When Cultures Meet: Frontiers in Latin American History (Wilmington, Del., 1994), xiii-xli; and Kathleen M. Brown, "The Anglo-Algonquian Gender Frontier," in Nancy Shoemaker, ed., Negotiators of Change: Historical Persepdives on Native American Women (New York, 1995), 26-48. And while Lamar and Thompson's definition fairly demands that at least half of a frontier equation be European or EuroAmerican, that usage is hardly universal. Forbes, Kutsche, and Kolodny all employ the word for any interethnic or intercultural collision. See, among others, Igor Kopytoff, ed., The African Frontier: The Reproduction of Traditional African Societies (Bloomington, 1987); Alice Schlegel, "African Political Models in the American Southwest: Hopi as an Internal Frontier Society" American Anthropologist, XCIV (1992), 376-397; and A. Endre Nyerges, "The Ecology of Wealth-in-People: Agriculture, Settlement, and Society on the Perpetual Frontier," ibid., 860-881.
    • American Anthropologist , pp. 860-881
    • Nyerges, A.E.1
  • 216
    • 0000543752 scopus 로고
    • Intellectual History after the Linguistic Turn: The Autonomy of Meaning and the Irreduciblity of Experience
    • The linguistic turn is legion, and historians often use the phrase to refer to poststructuralism or postmodernism (as in John Toews, "Intellectual History after the Linguistic Turn: The Autonomy of Meaning and the Irreduciblity of Experience," American Historical Review, XCII (1987), 879-907). But the acceptance of these vocabularies was facilitated by earlier analytic turns, from logical positivism and ordinary language philosophy to New Criticism. And the phrase was popularized by Richard Rorty, ed., The Linguistic Turn: Recent Essays in Philosophical Method (Chicago, 1967), to describe the revolution in philosophy leading to "the view that philosophical problems are problems which may be solved (or dissolved) either by reforming language, or by understanding more about the language we presently use." See Rorty, "Introduction," 3 and throughout.
    • (1987) American Historical Review , vol.92 , pp. 879-907
    • Toews, J.1
  • 217
    • 0003824025 scopus 로고
    • Chicago
    • The linguistic turn is legion, and historians often use the phrase to refer to poststructuralism or postmodernism (as in John Toews, "Intellectual History after the Linguistic Turn: The Autonomy of Meaning and the Irreduciblity of Experience," American Historical Review, XCII (1987), 879-907). But the acceptance of these vocabularies was facilitated by earlier analytic turns, from logical positivism and ordinary language philosophy to New Criticism. And the phrase was popularized by Richard Rorty, ed., The Linguistic Turn: Recent Essays in Philosophical Method (Chicago, 1967), to describe the revolution in philosophy leading to "the view that philosophical problems are problems which may be solved (or dissolved) either by reforming language, or by understanding more about the language we presently use." See Rorty, "Introduction," 3 and throughout.
    • (1967) The Linguistic Turn: Recent Essays in Philosophical Method
    • Rorty, R.1
  • 218
    • 60950317540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The linguistic turn is legion, and historians often use the phrase to refer to poststructuralism or postmodernism (as in John Toews, "Intellectual History after the Linguistic Turn: The Autonomy of Meaning and the Irreduciblity of Experience," American Historical Review, XCII (1987), 879-907). But the acceptance of these vocabularies was facilitated by earlier analytic turns, from logical positivism and ordinary language philosophy to New Criticism. And the phrase was popularized by Richard Rorty, ed., The Linguistic Turn: Recent Essays in Philosophical Method (Chicago, 1967), to describe the revolution in philosophy leading to "the view that philosophical problems are problems which may be solved (or dissolved) either by reforming language, or by understanding more about the language we presently use." See Rorty, "Introduction," 3 and throughout.
    • Introduction , pp. 3
    • Rorty1
  • 219
    • 5844391738 scopus 로고
    • The Frontier and Frontiersmen of Turner's Essays
    • George W. Pierson, "The Frontier and Frontiersmen of Turner's Essays," Pennsylvania Magazine of Biography and History, LXIV (1940), 465; Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Myth and Symbol (1950; reprint, Cambridge, Mass., 1970), esp. 237, 249; Francis Jennings, The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest (1975; reprint, New York, 1976). The first chapter, 3-14, was delivered as the presidential address to the American Society for Ethnohistory in October 1973 "under the title "Legacy of Conquest"; Jennings, "Virgin Land and Savage People," American Quarterly, XXIII (1971), 519-541; Limerick, Legacy of Conquest, 23-25. See also Limerick, "Persistent Traits and the Persistent Historian: The American Frontier and Ray Allen Billington," in Writing Western History, 277-310; and Limerick, "Making the Most of Words: Verbal Activity and Western America," in Under an Open Sky, 167-184.
    • (1940) Pennsylvania Magazine of Biography and History , vol.64 , pp. 465
    • Pierson, G.W.1
  • 220
    • 0003855211 scopus 로고
    • reprint, Cambridge, Mass., 1970
    • George W. Pierson, "The Frontier and Frontiersmen of Turner's Essays," Pennsylvania Magazine of Biography and History, LXIV (1940), 465; Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Myth and Symbol (1950; reprint, Cambridge, Mass., 1970), esp. 237, 249; Francis Jennings, The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest (1975; reprint, New York, 1976). The first chapter, 3-14, was delivered as the presidential address to the American Society for Ethnohistory in October 1973 "under the title "Legacy of Conquest"; Jennings, "Virgin Land and Savage People," American Quarterly, XXIII (1971), 519-541; Limerick, Legacy of Conquest, 23-25. See also Limerick, "Persistent Traits and the Persistent Historian: The American Frontier and Ray Allen Billington," in Writing Western History, 277-310; and Limerick, "Making the Most of Words: Verbal Activity and Western America," in Under an Open Sky, 167-184.
    • (1950) Virgin Land: The American West As Myth and Symbol , pp. 237
    • Smith, H.N.1
  • 221
    • 0012440161 scopus 로고
    • reprint, New York, 1976.
    • George W. Pierson, "The Frontier and Frontiersmen of Turner's Essays," Pennsylvania Magazine of Biography and History, LXIV (1940), 465; Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Myth and Symbol (1950; reprint, Cambridge, Mass., 1970), esp. 237, 249; Francis Jennings, The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest (1975; reprint, New York, 1976). The first chapter, 3-14, was delivered as the presidential address to the American Society for Ethnohistory in October 1973 "under the title "Legacy of Conquest"; Jennings, "Virgin Land and Savage People," American Quarterly, XXIII (1971), 519-541; Limerick, Legacy of Conquest, 23-25. See also Limerick, "Persistent Traits and the Persistent Historian: The American Frontier and Ray Allen Billington," in Writing Western History, 277-310; and Limerick, "Making the Most of Words: Verbal Activity and Western America," in Under an Open Sky, 167-184.
    • (1975) The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest
    • Jennings, F.1
  • 222
    • 0003409275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • George W. Pierson, "The Frontier and Frontiersmen of Turner's Essays," Pennsylvania Magazine of Biography and History, LXIV (1940), 465; Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Myth and Symbol (1950; reprint, Cambridge, Mass., 1970), esp. 237, 249; Francis Jennings, The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest (1975; reprint, New York, 1976). The first chapter, 3-14, was delivered as the presidential address to the American Society for Ethnohistory in October 1973 "under the title "Legacy of Conquest"; Jennings, "Virgin Land and Savage People," American Quarterly, XXIII (1971), 519-541; Limerick, Legacy of Conquest, 23-25. See also Limerick, "Persistent Traits and the Persistent Historian: The American Frontier and Ray Allen Billington," in Writing Western History, 277-310; and Limerick, "Making the Most of Words: Verbal Activity and Western America," in Under an Open Sky, 167-184.
    • Legacy of Conquest
  • 223
    • 5844376403 scopus 로고
    • Virgin Land and Savage People
    • George W. Pierson, "The Frontier and Frontiersmen of Turner's Essays," Pennsylvania Magazine of Biography and History, LXIV (1940), 465; Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Myth and Symbol (1950; reprint, Cambridge, Mass., 1970), esp. 237, 249; Francis Jennings, The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest (1975; reprint, New York, 1976). The first chapter, 3-14, was delivered as the presidential address to the American Society for Ethnohistory in October 1973 "under the title "Legacy of Conquest"; Jennings, "Virgin Land and Savage People," American Quarterly, XXIII (1971), 519-541; Limerick, Legacy of Conquest, 23-25. See also Limerick, "Persistent Traits and the Persistent Historian: The American Frontier and Ray Allen Billington," in Writing Western History, 277-310; and Limerick, "Making the Most of Words: Verbal Activity and Western America," in Under an Open Sky, 167-184.
    • (1971) American Quarterly , vol.23 , pp. 519-541
    • Jennings1
  • 224
    • 0003409275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • George W. Pierson, "The Frontier and Frontiersmen of Turner's Essays," Pennsylvania Magazine of Biography and History, LXIV (1940), 465; Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Myth and Symbol (1950; reprint, Cambridge, Mass., 1970), esp. 237, 249; Francis Jennings, The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest (1975; reprint, New York, 1976). The first chapter, 3-14, was delivered as the presidential address to the American Society for Ethnohistory in October 1973 "under the title "Legacy of Conquest"; Jennings, "Virgin Land and Savage People," American Quarterly, XXIII (1971), 519-541; Limerick, Legacy of Conquest, 23-25. See also Limerick, "Persistent Traits and the Persistent Historian: The American Frontier and Ray Allen Billington," in Writing Western History, 277-310; and Limerick, "Making the Most of Words: Verbal Activity and Western America," in Under an Open Sky, 167-184.
    • Legacy of Conquest , pp. 23-25
    • Limerick1
  • 225
    • 85010481107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent Traits and the Persistent Historian: The American Frontier and Ray Allen Billington
    • George W. Pierson, "The Frontier and Frontiersmen of Turner's Essays," Pennsylvania Magazine of Biography and History, LXIV (1940), 465; Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Myth and Symbol (1950; reprint, Cambridge, Mass., 1970), esp. 237, 249; Francis Jennings, The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest (1975; reprint, New York, 1976). The first chapter, 3-14, was delivered as the presidential address to the American Society for Ethnohistory in October 1973 "under the title "Legacy of Conquest"; Jennings, "Virgin Land and Savage People," American Quarterly, XXIII (1971), 519-541; Limerick, Legacy of Conquest, 23-25. See also Limerick, "Persistent Traits and the Persistent Historian: The American Frontier and Ray Allen Billington," in Writing Western History, 277-310; and Limerick, "Making the Most of Words: Verbal Activity and Western America," in Under an Open Sky, 167-184.
    • Writing Western History , pp. 277-310
    • Limerick1
  • 226
    • 0344227313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making the Most of Words: Verbal Activity and Western America
    • George W. Pierson, "The Frontier and Frontiersmen of Turner's Essays," Pennsylvania Magazine of Biography and History, LXIV (1940), 465; Henry Nash Smith, Virgin Land: The American West as Myth and Symbol (1950; reprint, Cambridge, Mass., 1970), esp. 237, 249; Francis Jennings, The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest (1975; reprint, New York, 1976). The first chapter, 3-14, was delivered as the presidential address to the American Society for Ethnohistory in October 1973 "under the title "Legacy of Conquest"; Jennings, "Virgin Land and Savage People," American Quarterly, XXIII (1971), 519-541; Limerick, Legacy of Conquest, 23-25. See also Limerick, "Persistent Traits and the Persistent Historian: The American Frontier and Ray Allen Billington," in Writing Western History, 277-310; and Limerick, "Making the Most of Words: Verbal Activity and Western America," in Under an Open Sky, 167-184.
    • Under An Open Sky , pp. 167-184
    • Limerick1
  • 227
    • 0040670316 scopus 로고
    • The Idea of the West
    • Loren Baritz, "The Idea of the West," American Historical Review, LXVI (1961), 618-640; Edward Said, Orientalism (1978; reprint, New York, 1979).
    • (1961) American Historical Review , vol.66 , pp. 618-640
    • Baritz, L.1
  • 228
    • 0004012982 scopus 로고
    • reprint, New York, 1979.
    • Loren Baritz, "The Idea of the West," American Historical Review, LXVI (1961), 618-640; Edward Said, Orientalism (1978; reprint, New York, 1979).
    • (1978) Orientalism
    • Said, E.1
  • 231
    • 0009250691 scopus 로고
    • Race Relations in the American West
    • In what seems a fairly representative construction, Richard White, in "Race Relations in the American West," American Quarterly, XXXVIII (1986), 396, 397, said that "As long as Turner's frontier thesis dominated the study of the West, minorities could not seem significant because the importance of the West was contained on the frontier - the place where whites met the 'wilderness.'" But compare with Antonia Castaneda's essay, "Gender, Race, and Culture: Spanish-Mexican Women in the Historiography of Frontier California," Frontiers, XI (Nov. 1990), 8-20.
    • (1986) American Quarterly , vol.38 , pp. 396
    • White, R.1
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