Origin and evolution of the Precordillera terrane of western Argentina: A drifted Laurentian orphan

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 336, Issue , 1999, Pages 1-20

  Astini, Ricardo A ^a   Thomas, William A ^b  

^a UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CÓRDOBA   (Argentina)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LIME; SUBSIDENCE;

CONTINENTAL CRUSTS; CONTINENTAL RIFTING; CRUSTAL EXTENSION; EARLY ORDOVICIAN; FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES; LOWER ORDOVICIAN; RIFTED CONTINENTAL MARGIN; SUBSIDENCE CURVE;

METAMORPHIC ROCKS;

CAMBRIAN; COLLISION ZONE; CONTINENTAL COLLISION; CORDILLERA; CRUSTAL SHORTENING; EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; LAURENTIA; ORDOVICIAN; PASSIVE MARGIN; TECTONIC EVOLUTION;

ARGENTINA;

EID: 0038220382     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-2336-1.1     Document Type: Article

References (176)

1. Albanesi, G. L., and Barnes, C. R., 1997, The Middle Ordovician conodont Paroistodus horridus in the Argentine Precordillera: 6th International Conodont Symposium, Warsaw, Poland, Abstracts, p. 1.
2. Albanesi, G. L., Hünicken, M., and Ortega, G., 1990, Amorphognathus supervus (Conodonta) from Trapiche Formation (Upper Ordovician), Cerro Potrerillos, Jáchal Department, San Juan Province, Argentina: 1st Latin American Conodont Symposium, Academia de Ciencias, Córdoba, Abstracts, p. 109-110.
3. Alberstadt, L., and Repetski, J. E., 1989, A Lower Ordovician sponge/algal facies in the southern United States and its counterparts elsewhere in North America: Palaios, v. 4, p. 225-242.
4. Allmendinger, R. W., Figueroa, D., Sydner, D., Beer, J., Mpodizis, C., and Isacks, B. L., 1990, Foreland shortening and crustal balancing in the Andes at 30°S latitude: Tectonics, v. 9, p. 789-809.
5. Armella, C., 1995, Thrombolitic-stromatolitic cycles of the Cambro-Ordovician boundary sequence, Precordillera oriental basin, western Argentina, in Bertrand Sarfati, J., and Monty, C., eds., Phanerozoic stromatolites: Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer, v. 2, p. 421-441.
6. Astini, R. A., 1988, Yerba Loca Formation, an Ordovician clastic wedge in western Argentina: 5th International Symposium Ordovician System, Newfoundland, Canada, Abstracts, p. 3.
7. Astini, R. A., 1991, Paleoambientes sedimentarios y secuencias depositacionales del Ordovícico clástico de la Precordillera Argentina [Ph.D. thesis]: Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 851 p.
8. Astini, R. A., 1992, Tectofacies ordovícicas y evolución de la cuenca eopaleozoica de la Precordillera Argentina: Estudios Geológicos, v. 48, p. 315-327.
9. Astini, R. A., 1994a, Sucesiones calcáreo-silicoclásticas coetáneas del Ordovícico inferior de la Precordillera y su significado en la evolución de la cuenca: 5th Reunión Argentina de Sedimentología, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, Tomo I, p. 113-118.
10. Astini, R. A., 1994b, Las megaturbiditas de la Formación Trapiche (Ordovícico superior de la Precordillera): procesos sedimentarios y marco geológico: 5th Reunión Argentina de Sedimentología, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, Tomo I, p. 107-112.
11. Astini, R. A., 1994c, Significado estratigráfico del Miembro Superior de la Formación San Juan (Cordón de las Chacritas), Ordovícico medio de la Precordillera de San Juan: Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, v. 49, p. 365-367.
12. Astini, R. A., 1995, Paleoclimates and paleogeographic paths of the Argentine Precordillera during the Ordovician: evidence from climatically sensitive lithofacies, in Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., and Finney, S. C., eds., Ordovician odyssey: SEPM Pacific Section, Book 77, p. 177-180.
13. Astini, R. A., 1996a, Las fases diastróficas del Paleozoico medio en la Precordillera del oeste argentino -evidencias estratigraficas-: 13th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 3rd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tomo V, p. 509-526.
14. Astini, R. A., 1996b, The Argentine Precordillera-lower plate of the Ouachita conjugate-pair rift: a suitable explanation for their stratigraphic differences: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 1, p. 2.
15. Astini, R. A., 1997a, El "Conglomerado de Las Vacas" y el Grupo Trapiche de la Precordillera: tectónica distensiva en el Ordovícico Superior: Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, v. 53, p. 489-503.
16. Astini, R. A., 1997b, Las unidades calcáreas del Ordovícico Medio y Superior de la Precordillera Argentina como indicadores de una etapa extensional: II Jornadas de Geología de Precordillera, San Juan, Argentina, Actas, p. 8-14.
17. Astini, R. A., 1997c, Stratigraphic evidence of two-stage rifting and collision in the Laurentian derived Precordillera terrane, south-central Andes: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 6, A116.
18. Astini, R. A., 1997d, The Iapetus as viewed by southern sailors, the Precordillera and the Famatina-Puna oriental terranes: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 6, A280.
19. Astini, R. A., 1998, Stratigraphical evidence supporting the rifting, drifting and collision of the Laurentian Precordillera terrane of western Argentina, in Pankhurst, R. J., and Rapela, C. W., eds., The Proto-Andean margin of Gondwana: Geological Society of London Special Publication 142, p. 11-33.
20. Astini, R. A., and Benedetto, J. L., 1993, Paleozoic evolution of the Argentine Precordillera as a rifted, drifted and collided terrane: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, p. A232.
21. Astini, R. A., and Benedetto, J. L., 1996, Tectonostratigraphic development and history of an allochthonous terrane in the pre-Andean Gondwana margin: the Argentine Precordillera: 3rd International Symposium on Andean Geodynamics, St. Malo, France, Extended Abstracts, p. 759-762.
22. Astini, R. A., and Brussa, E. D., 1997, Dos nuevas localidades fosilíferas en el Conglomerado de Las Vacas (Caradociano) en la Precordillera Argentina: la importancia cronoestratigráfica: Reunión de Comunicaciones Paleontológicas, Ameghiniana, v. 43, p. 231.
23. Astini, R. A., and Cañas, F. L., 1995, La Formación Sassito, una nueva unidad calcárea en la Precordillera de San Juan: sedimentología y significado estratigráfico: Asociación Argentina de Sedimentología, Revista, v. 2, p. 19-37.
24. Astini, R. A., and Maretto, H. M., 1996, Análisis estratigráfico del Silürico de la Precordillera Central de San Juan y consideraciones sobre la evolución de la cuenca: 13th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 3rd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tomo I, p. 351-368.
25. Astini, R. A., and Vaccari, N. E., 1996, Sucesión evaporítica del Cámbrico inferior de la Precordillera: significado geológico: Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, v. 51, p. 97-106.
26. Astini, R. A., Benedetto, J. L., and Vaccari, N. E., 1995a, The early Paleozoic evolution of the Argentine Precordillera as a Laurentian rifted, drifted, and collided terrane: a geodynamic model: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 253-273.
27. Astini, R. A., Vaccari, N. E., Thomas, W. A., Raymond, D. E., and Osborne, W. E., 1995b, Shared evolution of the Argentine Precordillerra and the southern Appalachians during the Early Cambrian: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 27, no. 6, p. A458.
28. Astini, R. A., Ramos, V. A., Benedetto, J. L., Vaccari, N. E., and Cañas, F. L., 1996, La Precordillera: un terreno exótico a Gondwana: 13th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 3rd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tomo V, p. 293-324.
29. Baldis, B. A., and Bordonaro, O., 1981, Evolución de las facies carbonáticas en la cuenca Cámbrica de la Precordillerra de San Juan: 8th Congreso Geológico Argentino, San Luis, Argentina, Tomo II, p. 385-397.
30. Baldis, B. A., and Bordonaro, O., 1984, Cámbrico y Ordovícico en la Sierra Chica de Zonda y cerro Pedernal, provincia de San Juan. Génesis del margen continental en la Precordillera: 9th Congreso Geológico Argentino, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina, Tomo 4, p. 190-207.
31. Banchig, A. L., and Bordonaro, O., 1997, Formación Alojamiento: una unidad carbonática - silicoclástica cámbrica de la Precordillera Mendocina: II Jornadas de Geología de la Precordillera, San Juan, Argentina, Actas, p. 16-21.
32. Banchig,A. L., Milana, J. P., and Bordonaro, O., 1990, Litofacies clásticas de la Formación Los Sombreros (Cámbrico Medio) en la Quebrada Ojos de Agua, Sa. del Tontal, San Juan: 3rd Reunión Argentina de Sedimentología, v. 1, p. 25-30.
33. Barnes,V. E., 1959, Stratigraphy of the pre-Simpson Paleozoic subsurface rocks of Texas and southeast New Mexico: University of Texas, Texas Bureau of Economic Geology Publication 5924, v. 1, p. 11-72.
34. Barnes, V. E., Bell, W. C., Clabaugh, S. E., Cloud, P. E., Jr., McGehee, R. V., Rodda, P. U., and Young, K., 1972, Geology of the Llano region and Austin area, field excursion, Guidebook No. 13: Austin, University of Texas, Texas Bureau of Economic Geology, 77 p.
35. Benedetto, J. L., 1993, La hipótesis de la aloctonía de la Precordillera Argentina: un test estratigráfico y biogeográfico: 12th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 2nd Congreso de Exploracion de Hidrocarburos, Mendoza, Argentina, Tomo III, p. 375-384.
36. Benedetto, J. L., 1998, Early Paleozoic brachiopods and associated shelly fauna from western Gondwana: their bearing on the geodynamic history of the pre-Andean margin, in Pankhurst, R. J., and Rapela, C. W., eds., The Proto-Andean margin of Gondwana: Geological Society of London Special Publication, v. 142, p. 57-83.
37. Benedetto, J. L., and Astini, R. A., 1993, A collisional model for the early Paleozoic stratigraphic evolution of the Argentine Precordillera: 2nd International Symposium on Andean Geodynamics, Oxford, Extended Abstracts, p. 501-504.
38. Benedetto, J. L., and Herrera, Z. A., 1987, Primer hallazgo de braquiópodos y trilobites de la Formación Trapiche (Ordovícico Tardío), Precordillera Argentina: 10th Congreso Geológico Argentino, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, Actas 3, p. 73-76.
39. Benedetto, J. L., and Sánchez, T. M., 1996, Paleobiogeography of brachiopod and molluscan faunas along the South American margin of Gondwana during the Ordovician, in Baldis, B. A., and Aceñolaza, F. G., eds., Early Paleozoic evolution in NW Gondwana: San Miguel de Tucumán, Serie Correlación Geológica, v. 12, p. 23-38.
40. Benedetto, J. L., and Vaccari, N. E., 1992, Significado estratigráfico y tectónico de los complejos de bloques cambro-ordovícicos resedimentados de la Precordillera Occidental, Argentina: Estudios Geológicos, v. 48, p. 305-313.
41. Benedetto, J. L., Vaccari, N. E., Carrera, M. G., and Sánchez, T. M., 1995, The evolution of faunal provincialism in the Argentine Precordillera during the Ordovician: new evidence and paleontological implications, in Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., and Finney, S. C., eds., Ordovician odyssey: SEPM Pacific Section, Book 77, p. 181-184.
42. Bergström, S. M., Huff,W. D., Kolata, D. R., Krekeler, M. P. S., Cingolani, C., and Astini, R. A., 1996, Lower and Middle Ordovician K-bentonites in the Precordillera of Argentina: a preliminary review based on new data: 13th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 3rd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tomo V, p. 481-490.
43. Blarez, E., and Mascle, J., 1988, Shallow structures and evolution of the Ivory Coast and Ghana transform margins: Geology, v. 5, p. 54-64.
44. Blasco, G., and Ramos, V., 1976, Graptolitos caradocianos de la Formación Yerba Loca y del Cerro La Chilca, Departamento Jáchal, provincia de San Juan: Ameghiniana, v. 13, p. 312-329.
45. Bond, G. C., Nickeson, P. A., and Kominz, M. A., 1984, Breakup of a supercontinent between 625 Ma and 555 Ma: new evidence and implications for continental histories: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 70, p. 325-345.
46. Bond, G. C., Kominz, M. A., and Sheridan, R. E., 1995, Continental terraces and rises, in Busby, C. J., and Ingersoll, R. V., eds., Tectonics of sedimentary basins: Oxford, United Kingdom, Blackwell Science, p. 149-178.
47. Bordonaro, O. L., and Banchig,A. L., 1996, Estratigrafía de los olistolitos cámbricos de la Precordillera Argentina: 13th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 3rd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tomo V, p. 471-479.
48. Bordonaro, O., Keller, M., and Lehnert, O., 1996, El Ordovícico de Ponón Trehue en la Provincia de Mendoza (Argentina): redefiniciones estratigráficas: 13th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 3rd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tomo I, p. 541-550.
49. Borrello, A. V., 1969, Embriotectónica y tectónica tensional. Su importancia en la evolución estructural de la Precordillera: Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, v. 24, p. 5-13.
50. Bradley, D. C., and Kidd,W. S. F., 1991, Flexural extension of the upper continental crust in collisional foredeeps: Geological Society America Bulletin, v. 103, p. 1416-1438.
51. Braile, L.W., Hinze,W. J., Keller, G. R., Lidiak, E. G., and Sexton, J. L., 1986, Tectonic development of the New Madrid rift complex, Mississippi embayment, North America: Tectonophysics, v. 131, p. 1-21.
52. Brussa, E. D., 1994, Las graptofaunas ordovícicas del sector central de la Precordillera Occidental sanjuanina [Ph.D. thesis]: Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 323 p.
53. Buck, W. R., Martinez, F., Steckler, M. S., and Cochran, J. R., 1988, Thermal consequences of lithospheric extension: pure and simple: Tectonics, v. 7, p. 213-234.
54. Cañas, F. L., 1995a, Estratigrafía y evolución paleoambiental de las sucesiones carbonáticas del Cámbrico tardío y Ordovícico temprano de la Precordillera Septentrional, Repüblica Argentina [Ph.D. thesis]: Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 215 p.
55. Cañas, F. L., 1995b, Early Ordovician carbonate platform facies of the Argentine Precordillera: restricted shelf to open platform evolution, in Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., and Finney, S. C., eds., Ordovician odyssey: SEPM Pacific Section, Book 77, p. 221-224.
56. Cañas, F. L., and Carrera, M., 1993, Early Ordovician sponges - algal reef mound of the Precordillera basin, western Argentina: Facies (Erlangen), v. 29, p. 169-178.
57. Carrera, M. G., and Cañas, F. L., 1996, Los biohermos de la Formación San Juan (Ordovícico temprano, Precordillera Argentina): paleoecología y comparaciones: Asociación Argentina de Sedimentología Revista, v. 3, p. 85-104.
58. Cominguez, A. H., and Ramos,V. A., 1990, Sísmica de reflexión profunda entre Precordillera y Sierras Pampeanas: 11th Congreso Geológico Argentino, San Juan, Argentina, Tomo II, p. 311-314.
59. Cominguez, A. H., and Ramos, V. A., 1991, La estructura profunda entre Precordillera y Sierras Pampeanas de la Argentina: evidencias de la sísmica de reflexión profunda: Revista Geológica de Chile, v. 18, p. 3-14.
60. Conti, C. M., Rapalini, A. E., Coira, C., and Koukharsky, M., 1996, Paleomagnetic evidence of an early Paleozoic rotated terrane in northwest Argentina: a clue for Gondwana-Laurentia interaction?: Geology, v. 24, p. 953-956.
61. Dalla Salda, L., Cingolani, C. A., and Varela, R., 1992a, Early Paleozoic belt of the Andes and southwestern South America: result of Laurentia-Gondwana collision?: Geology, v. 20, p. 617-620.
62. Dalla Salda, L., Dalziel, I. W. D., Cingolani, C. A., and Varela, R., 1992b, Did the Taconic Appalachians continue into southern South America?: Geology, v. 20, p. 1059-1062.
63. Dalziel, I.W. D., 1993, Tectonic tracers and the origin of the proto-Andean margin: 12th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 2nd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Mendoza, Argentina, Tomo III, p. 367-374.
64. Dalziel, I. W. D., 1997, Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic geography and tectonics: review, hypothesis, environmental speculation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, p. 16-42.
65. Dalziel, I.W. D., Dalla Salda, L. H., and Gahagan, L. M., 1994, Paleozoic Laurentia-Gondwana interaction and the origin of the Appalachian-Andean mountain system: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 243-252.
66. Dalziel, I. W. D., Dalla Salda, L. H., Cingolani, C., and Palmer, A. R., 1996, The Argentine Precordillera: a Laurentian terrane? Penrose Conference Report: GSA Today, v. 6, no. 2, p. 16-18.
67. Davis, J. S., McClelland, W. C., Roeske, S. M., Gerbi, C., and Moores, E. M., 1997, The early to middle Paleozoic tectonic history of the SW Precordillera terrane and Laurentia-Gondwana interactions: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 6, p. 380.
68. Demicco, R.V., 1985, Platform and off-platform carbonates of the Upper Cambrian of western Maryland, U.S.A.: Sedimentology, v. 32, p. 1-22.
69. Dewey, J. F., 1988, Extensional collapse of orogens: Tectonics, v. 7, p. 1123-1139.
70. Etheridge, M. A., Symonds, P. A., and Lister, G. S., 1989, Application of the detachment model to reconstruction of conjugate passive margins: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 46, p. 23-40.
71. Falvey, D. A., 1974, The development of continental margins in plate tectonic theory: Australian Petroleum Exploration Association Journal, v. 14, p. 95-106.
72. Fortey, R. A., and Cocks, L. R. M., 1986, Marginal faunal belts and their structural implications, with examples from the lower Palaeozoic: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 143, p. 151-160.
73. Fortey, R. A., and Cocks, L. R. M., 1992, The early Palaeozoic of the North Atlantic region as a test case for the use of fossils in continental reconstruction: Tectonophysics, v. 206, p. 147-158.
74. Fortey, R. A., and Mellish, C. J. T., 1992, Are some fossils better than others for inferring paleogeography? The early Ordovician of the North Atlantic region as an example: Terra Nova, v. 4, p. 210-216.
75. Fortey, R. A., Harper, D. A. T., Ingham, J. K., Owen, A. W., and Rushton, A., 1995, A revision of Ordovician series and stages from the historical type area: Geological Magazine, v. 132, p. 1-16.
76. Furque, G., 1972, Los movimientos Caledónicos en Argentina: Revista del Museo de La Plata, v. 8, p. 129-136.
77. Gilbert, M. C., 1983, Timing and chemistry of igneous events associated with the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen: Tectonophysics, v. 94, p. 439-455.
78. Gosen, W. von, 1992, Structural evolution of the Argentine Precordillera: the Río San Juan section: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 14, p. 643-667.
79. Gosen W. von, Buggisch, W., and Lenhert, O., 1995, Evolution of the early Paleozoic mélange at the eastern margin of the Argentine Precordillera: Journal of South American Earth Sciences, v. 8, p. 405-424.
80. Grotzinger, J. P., Bowring, S. A., Saylor, B. Z., and Kaufman, A. J., 1995, Biostratigraphic and geochronologic constraints on early animal evolution: Science, v. 270, p. 598-604.
81. Haller,M. J., and Ramos,V., 1984, Las ofiolitas famatinianas (Eopaleozoico) de las Provincias de San Juan y Mendoza: 9th Congreso Geológico Argentino, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina, v. 2, p. 66-83.
82. Haller, M. J., and Ramos, V. A., 1993, Las ofiolitas y otras rocas afines, in Ramos,V. A., ed., Geología y recursos naturales de Mendoza: 12th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 2nd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Mendoza, Argentina, Relatorio, p. 31-39.
83. Harper, D. A. T., 1992, Ordovician provincial signals from Appalachian-Caledonide terranes: Terra Nova, v. 4, p. 204-209.
84. Harper, D. A. T., Mac Niocaill, C., and Williams, S. H., 1996, The paleogeography of Early Ordovician Iapetus terranes: an integration of faunas and paleomagnetic constraints: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 121, p. 297-312.
85. Hatcher, R. D., Jr., 1989, Tectonic synthesis of the U.S. Appalachians, in Hatcher, R. D., Jr., Thomas, W. A., and Viele, G. W., eds., The Appalachian-Ouachita orogen in the United States: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. F-2, p. 511-535.
86. Heredia, S., 1996, El Ordovícico del Arroyo Ponon Trehue, sur de la provincia de Mendoza: 13th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 3rd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tomo I, p. 601-605.
87. Hogan, J. P., Gilbert, M. C., Price, J. D., Wright, J. E., Deggeller, M., and Hames, W. E., 1996, Magmatic evolution of the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 1, p. 19.
88. Huff, W. D., Bergström, S. M., Kolata, D. R., Cingolani, C., and Davis, D. W., 1995, Middle Ordovician K-bentonites discovered in the Precordillera of Argentina: geochemical and paleogeographical implications, in Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., and Finney, S. C., eds., Ordovician odyssey, SEPM Pacific Section, Book 77, p. 343-349.
89. Huff, W. D., Bergström, S. M., Kolata, D. R., Cingolani, C. A., and Astini, R. A., 1998, Ordovician K-bentonites in the Argentine Precordillera: relations to Gondwana margin evolution, in Pankhurst, R. J., and Rapela, C. W., eds., The Proto-Andean margin of Gondwana: Geological Society of London Special Publication 142, p. 107-126.
90. Issler, D., McQueen, H., and Beaumont, C., 1989, Thermal and isostatic consequences of simple shear extension of the continental lithosphere: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 91, p. 341-358.
91. Johnson, K. S., Amsden, T.W., Denison, R. E., Dutton, S. P., Goldstein, A. G., Rascoe, B., Jr., Sutherland, P. K., and Thompson, D. M., 1988, Southern Midcontinent region, in Sloss, L. L., ed., Sedimentary cover - North American craton: U.S.: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. D-2, p. 307-359.
92. Jordan, T. E., Isacks, B. L., Allmendinger, R. W., Brewer, J. A., Ramos, V. A., and Ando, C. J., 1983, Andean tectonics related to geometry of subducted Nazca plate: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 94, p. 341-361.
93. Kay, S. M., Ramos, V. A., and Kay, R. W., 1984, Elementos mayoritarios y trazas de las vulcanitas ordovícicas de la Precordillera Occidental: basaltos de rift oceánico temprano(?) próximos al margen continental: 9th Congreso Geológico Argentino, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina, v. 2, p. 48-65.
94. Kay, S. M., Orrell, S., and Abruzzi, J. M., 1996, Zircon and whole rock Nd-Pb isotopic evidence for a Grenville age and Laurentian origin for the basement of the Precordilleran terrane in Argentina: Journal of Geology, v. 104, p. 637-648.
95. Keen, C. E., Kay,W. A., and Roest,W. R., 1990, Crustal anatomy of a transform continental margin: Tectonophysics, v. 173, p. 527-544.
96. Keller, G. R., Lidiak, E. G., Hinze, W. J., and Braile, L. W., 1983, The role of rifting in the tectonic development of the Midcontinent, U.S.A.: Tectonophysics, v. 94, p. 391-412.
97. Keller, G. R., Braile, L. W., McMechan, G. A., Thomas, W. A., Harder, S. H., Chang, W.-F., and Jardine, W. G., 1989, Paleozoic continent-ocean transition in the Ouachita Mountains imaged from PASSCAL wideangle seismic reflection-refraction data: Geology, v. 17, p. 119-122.
98. Keller, M., 1995, Continental slope deposits in the Argentina Precordillera: sediments and geotectonic significance, in Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., and Finney, S. C., eds., Ordovician Odyssey: SEPM Pacific Section, Book 77, p. 211-215.
99. Keller, M., 1996, Anatomy of the Precordillera (Argentina) during Cambro-Ordovician times: implications for the Laurentia-Gondwana transfer of the Cuyania Terrane: 3rd International Symposium on Andean Geodynamics, St. Malo, France, v. 1, p. 775-778.
100. Keller, M., and Flügel, E., 1996, Early Ordovician reefs from Argentina: stromatoporoid vs. stromatolite origin: Facies (Erlangen), v. 34, p. 177-192.
101. Keller, M., Bordonaro, O., and Cañas, F. L., 1993, Some plate tectonic aspects of Early Ordovician reefs, western Argentine Precordillera: 12th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 2nd Congreso de Exploracion de Hidrocarburos, Mendoza, Tomo III, p. 235-240.
102. Keller, M., Cañas, F. L., Lehnert, O., and Vaccari, N. E., 1994, The Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician of the Precordillera (Western Argentina): some stratigraphic reconsiderations: Newsletters on Stratigraphy, v. 31, p. 115-132.
103. Koerschner, W. F., III, and Read, J. F., 1989, Field and modelling studies of Cambrian carbonate cycles, Virginia Appalachians: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 59, p. 654-687.
104. Lambert, D. D., Unruh, D. M., and Gilbert, M. C., 1988, Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic study of the Glen Mountains layered complex: initiation of rifting within the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen: Geology, v. 16, p. 13-17.
105. Lash, G. G., 1988, Along-strike variations in foreland basin evolution: possible evidence for continental collision along an irregular margin: Basin Research, v. 1, p. 71-83.
106. Leeder, M. E., 1995, Continental rifts and proto-oceanic rift troughs, in Busby, C. J., and Ingersoll, R.V., eds., Tectonics of sedimentary basins: Oxford, United Kingdom, Blackwell Science, p. 119-148.
107. Lehnert, O., 1995, Ordovizische Conodonten aus der Präkordillere Westargentiniens: Ihre Bedeutung für Stratigraphie und Palaogeographie [Ph.D. thesis]: Erlangen, Germany, Erlanger Geologische Abhandlungen, v. 125, 193 p.
108. Lehnert, O., Miller, J. L., and Repetski, J. E., 1997, Paleogeographic significance of Clavohamulus hintzei Miller (Conodonta) and other Ibexian conodonts in an early Paleozoic carbonate platform facies of the Argentine Precordillera: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, p. 429-443.
109. Lister, G. S., Ethridge, M. A., and Symonds, P. A., 1986, Detachment faulting and the evolution of passive continental margins: Geology, v. 14, p. 246-250.
110. Lister, G. S., Ethridge, M. A., and Symonds, P. A., 1991, Detachment models for the formation of passive continental margins: Tectonics, v. 10, p. 1038-1064.
111. Lochman-Balk, C., 1971, The Cambrian of the craton of the United States, in Holland, E. R., ed., Cambrian of the New World: London, Wiley- Interscience, p. 79-167.
112. Lorenzo, J. M., and Vera, E. E., 1992, Thermal uplift and erosion across the continent-ocean transform boundary of the southern Exmouth Plateau: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 108, p. 79-92.
113. Mac Niocaill, C., van der Pluijm, B. A., and Van der Voo, R., 1997, Ordovician paleogeography and the evolution of the Iapetus ocean: Geology, v. 25, p. 159-162.
114. Markello, J. R., and Read, J. F., 1982, Upper Cambrian intrashelf basin, Nolichucky Formation, southwest Virginia Appalachians: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, p. 860-878.
115. Martino, R. D., and Astini, R. A., 1995, The Cerro Salinas-Angaco Belt and its relationship with western Sierras Pampeanas: Laurentian-Gondwanan connections before Pangea, Field Conference, San Salvador de Jujuy, Abstracts with Programs, p. 27-28.
116. McKerrow, W. S., and Cocks, L. R. M., 1986, Oceans, island arcs and olistostromes: the use of fossils in distinguishing sutures, terranes and environments around the Iapetus Ocean: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 143, p. 185-191.
117. Mellen, F. F., 1977, Cambrian System in Black Warrior basin: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 61, p. 1897-1900.
118. Mickus, K. L., and Keller, G. R., 1992, Lithospheric structure of the south-central United States: Geology, v. 20, p. 335-338.
119. Neuman, R. B., 1984, Geology and paleobiology of islands in the Ordovician Iapetus Ocean: review and implications: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, p. 1188-1201.
120. Neuman, R. B., and Harper, D. A. T., 1992, Paleogeographic significance of Arenig-Llanvirn Toquima-Table Head and Celtic brachiopod assemblages, in Webby, B. D., and Lurie, J. R., eds., Global perspectives on Ordovician geology: Rotterdam, Netherlands, Balkema, p. 241-254.
121. Nielsen, K. C., Viele, G.W., and Zimmerman, J., 1989, Structural setting of the Benton-Broken Bow uplifts, in Hatcher, R. D., Jr., Thomas, W. A., and Viele, G. W., eds., The Appalachian-Ouachita orogen in the United States: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. F-2, p. 635-660.
122. Ortega, G., and Brusa, E. D., 1990, La subzona de Climacograptus bicornis (Caradociano temprano) en la Formación Las Plantas en su localidad tipo, Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina: Ameghiniana, v. 27, p. 281-288.
123. Ortega, G., Brussa, E. D., and Astini, R. A., 1991, Nuevos hallazgos de graptolitos en la Formación Yerba Loca y su implicancia estratigráfica (Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina): Ameghiniana, v. 28, p. 163-178.
124. Osleger, D. A., 1993, Cyclostratigraphy of Late Cambrian carbonate sequences: an interbasinal comparison of the Cordilleran and Appalachian passive margins, in Cooper, J. D., and Stevens, C. H., eds., Paleozoic paleogeography of the western United States: SEPM Pacific Section, Book 67, p. 801-828.
125. Osleger, D. A., and Read, J. F., 1991, Relation of eustasy to stacking patterns of meter-scale carbonate cycles, Late Cambrian, U.S.A.: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 61, p. 1225-1252.
126. Palmer, A. R., Vaccari, N. E., Astini, R. A., Cañas, F. L., and Benedetto, J. L., 1996, Cambrian history of the Argentine Precordillera: Adios Laurentia!: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 1, p. 57.
127. Pankurst, R. J., Rapela, C.W., Saavedra, J., Baldo, E., Dahlquist, J., and Pascua, I., 1996, Sierras de Los Llanos, Malanzán and Chepes: Ordovician I and S-type granitic magmatism in the Famatinian orogen: 13th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 3rd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tomo V, p. 415.
128. Pfiel, R.W., and Read, J. F., 1980, Cambrian carbonate platform margin facies, Shady Dolomite, southwestern Virginia, U.S.A.: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 50, p. 91-116.
129. Ramos, V. A., 1988, The tectonics of the central Andes, 30 to 33° S latitude, in Clark, S., and Burchfiel, D., eds., Processes in continental lithospheric deformation: Geological Society of America Special Paper 218, p. 31-54.
130. Ramos, V. A., 1993, Interpretación tectónica, in Ramos, V. A., ed., Geología y recursos naturales de Mendoza: 12th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 2nd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Mendoza, Argentina, Relatorio, p. 257-266.
131. Ramos,V. A., 1995, Sudamérica: un mosaico de continentes y océanos: Ciencia Hoy (Buenos Aires), v. 6, no. 32, p. 24-29.
132. Ramos, V. A., Jordan, T. E., Allmendinger, R. W., Mpodozis, C., Kay, S. M., Cortés, J. M., and Palma, M. A., 1986, Paleozoic terranes of the central Argentine-Chilean Andes: Tectonics, v. 5, p. 855-880.
133. Ramos,V. A.,Vujovich, G. I., and Dallmeyer, D., 1996, Klippes y ventanas tectónicas de la Sierra de Pie de Palo: sus relaciones con la colisión de Precordillera: 13th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 3rd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tomo V, p. 377-391.
134. Rapalini, A. E., and Astini, R. A., 1998, Paleomagnetic confirmation of the Laurentian origin of the Argentine Precordillera: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 155, p. 1-14.
135. Raup, D. M., and Stanley, S. M., 1978, Principles of paleontology (second edition): San Francisco,W. H. Freeman, 481 p.
136. Raymond, D. E., 1991, New subsurface information on Paleozoic stratigraphy of the Alabama fold and thrust belt and the Black Warrior basin: Alabama Geological Survey Bulletin 143, 185 p.
137. Read, J. F., 1989, Controls on evolution of Cambro-Ordovician passive margin U.S. Appalachians, in Crevello, P. D., Wilson, J. L., Sarg, J. F., and Read, J. F., eds., Controls on carbonate platform and basin development: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 44, p. 147-165.
138. Rosendahl, B. R., 1987, Architecture of continental rifts with special reference to East Africa: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 15, p. 445-503.
139. Royden, L. H., 1993a, The tectonic expression slab pull at continental convergent boundaries: Tectonics, v. 12, p. 303-325.
140. Royden, L. H., 1993b, Evolution of retreating subduction boundaries formed during continental collision: Tectonics, v. 12, p. 629-638.
141. Royden, L. H., and Keen, C. E., 1980, Rifting process and thermal evolution of the continental margin of eastern Canada determined from subsidence curves: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 51, p. 343-361.
142. Schmoker, J. W., and Halley, R. B., 1982, Carbonate porosity versus depth: a predictable relation for south Florida: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 66, p. 2561-2570.
143. Sclater, J. C., and Christie, P.A. F., 1980, Continental stretching: an explanation of the post-mid-Cretaceous subsidence of the central North Sea basin: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 85, p. 3711-3739.
144. Scrutton, R. A., 1982, Passive continental margins: a review of observations and mechanisms, in Scrutton, R. A., ed., Dynamics of passive margins: American Geophysical Union and Geological Society of America Geodynamics Series, v. 6, p. 5-11.
145. Simpson, C., Law, R. D., and Martino, R. D., 1995, Dip-slip tectonic events in basement rocks of the western and eastern Pampean Ranges, central Argentina: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 27, no. 6, p. A-125.
146. Simpson, E. L., and Sundberg, F. A., 1987, Early Cambrian age for synrift deposits of the Chilhowee Group of southwestern Virginia: Geology, v. 12, p. 123-126.
147. Skehan, J. W., 1988, Evolution of the Iapetus Ocean and its borders in pre- Arenig times: a synthesis, in Harris, A. L., and Fettes, D. J., eds., The Caledonian-Appalachian orogen: Geological Society of London Special Publication 38, p. 185-229.
148. Soper, N. J., Gibbons, W., and Mc Kerrow, W. S., 1991, Displaced terranes in Britain and Ireland: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 146, p. 365-367.
149. Steckler,M. S., and Watts, A. B., 1978, Subsidence of the Atlantic-type continental margin off New York: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 41, p. 1-13.
150. Thomas,W. A., 1977, Evolution of Appalachian-Ouachita salients and recesses from reentrants and promontories in the continental margin: American Journal of Science, v. 277, p. 1233-1278.
151. Thomas,W. A., 1991, The Appalachian-Ouachita rifted margin of southeastern North America: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, p. 415-431.
152. Thomas, W. A., 1993, Low-angle detachment geometry of the Late Precambrian- Cambrian Appalachian-Ouachita rifted margin of southeastern North America: Geology, v. 21, p. 921-924.
153. Thomas, W. A., 1998, Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic geography and tectonics: review, hypothesis, environmental speculation: Discussion: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 110, p. 1617-1618.
154. Thomas,W. A., and Astini, R. A., 1996a, The Argentine Precordillera: a traveler from the Ouachita embayment of North American Laurentia: Science, v. 273, p. 752-757.
155. Thomas,W. A., and Astini, R. A., 1996b, Asymmetric conjugate rift margins of the Ouachita rift and the Argentine Precordillera: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 28, no. 1, p. 66.
156. Thomas,W. A., and Astini, R. A., 1999, Simple-shear conjugate rift margins of the Argentine Precordillera and the Ouachita embayment of Laurentia: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 111, p. 1069-1079.
157. Todd, B. J., Reid, I., and Keen, C. E., 1988, Crustal structure across the southwest Newfoundland transform margin: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 25, p. 744-759.
158. Torsvik, T. H., Tait, J., Moralev, V. M., McKerrow, W. S., Sturt, B. A., and Roberts, D., 1995, Ordovician paleogeography of Siberia and adjacent continents: Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 152, p. 279-287.
159. Torsvik, T. H., Smethurst, M. A., Meert, J. G., Van der Voo, R., McKerrow, W. S., Brasier, M. D., Sturt, B. A., and Walderhaug, H. J., 1996, Continental break-up and collision in the Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic - a tale of Baltica and Laurentia: Earth Science Review, v. 40, p. 229-258.
160. Tucker, R. D., and McKerrow, W. S., 1995, Early Paleozoic chronology: a review in light of new U-Pb zircon ages from Newfoundland and Britain: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 32, p. 368-379.
161. Vaccari, N. E., 1993, El género Annamitella Mansuy, 1920 (Trilobita, Leiostegiidae) en el Ordovícico de la Precordillera Argentina: Ameghiniana, v. 30, p. 395-405.
162. Vaccari, N. E., 1994, Las faunas de trilobites de las sucesiones carbonáticas del Cámbrico y Ordovícico temprano de la Precordillera Septentrional, Repüblica Argentina [Ph.D. thesis]: Córdoba, Argentina, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 271 p.
163. Vaccari, N. E., 1995, Early Ordovician trilobite biogeography of Precordillera and Famatina, western Argentina: preliminary results, in Cooper, J. D., Droser, M. L., and Finney, S. C., eds., Ordovician odyssey: SEPM Pacific Section, Book 77, p. 193-196.
164. Vaccari, N. E., and Bordonaro, O., 1993, Trilobites en los olistolitos cámbricos de la Formación Los Sombreros (Ordovícico), Precordillera de San Juan, Argentina: Ameghiniana, v. 30, p. 383-393.
165. van der Pluijm, B. A., Van der Voo, R., and Torsvik, T. H., 1995, Convergence and subduction at the Ordovician margin of Laurentia, in Hibbard, J. P., van Staal, C. R., and Cawood, P. A., eds., Current perspectives in the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 41, p. 127-136.
166. Viele, G.W., and Thomas,W. A., 1989, Tectonic synthesis of the Ouachita orogenic belt, in Hatcher, R. D., Jr., Thomas,W. A., and Viele, G.W., eds., The Appalachian-Ouachita orogen in the United States: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Geology of North America, v. F-2, p. 695-728.
167. Vink, G. E., Morgan,W. J., and Zhao,W.-L., 1984, Preferential rifting of continents: a source of displaced terranes: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, no. B12, p. 10072-10076.
168. Watts, A. B., 1982, Tectonic subsidence, flexure, and global changes of sea level: Nature, v. 297, p. 469-474.
169. Webby, B. D., 1984, Ordovician reefs and climate: a review, in Bruton, D. L., ed., Aspects of the Ordovician System: Oslo, Norway, Universitetsforlaget, p. 87-98.
170. Webby, B. D., 1992, Global biogeography of Ordovician corals and stromato-poroids, in Webby, B. D., and Lurie, J. R., eds., Global perspectives on Ordovician geology: Rotterdam, Netherlands, Balkema, p. 261-276.
171. Whittington, H. B., and Hughes, C. G., 1972, Ordovician geography and faunal provinces deduced from trilobite distributions: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, v. B263, p. 235-278.
172. Wilkerson, M. S., and Hsui, A. T.-K., 1989, Application of sediment backstripping corrections for basin analysis using microcomputers: Journal of Geological Education, v. 37, p. 337-340.
173. Williams, S. H., Harper, D. A. T., Neuman, R. B., Boyce, W. D., and Mac Niocaill, C., 1995, Lower Paleozoic fossils from Newfoundland and their importance in understanding the history of the Iapetus Ocean, in Hibbard, J. P., van Staal, C. R., and Cawood, P. A., eds., Current perspectives in the Appalachian-Caledonian orogen: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 41, p. 115-126.
174. Witzke, B. J., 1990, Paleoclimatic constraints for Palaeozoic palaeolatitudes of Laurentia and Euramerica, in McKerrow,W. S., and Scotese, C. R., eds., Paleozoic paleogeography and biogeography: Geological Society of London Memoir 12, p. 57-73.
175. Zapata, T. R., 1996, Crustal evolution of the Precordillera thrust belt-Bermejo basin, Argentina [Ph.D. thesis]: Ithaca, New York, Cornell University, 243 p.
176. Zapata, T. R., and Allmendinger, R. W., 1996, La estructura cortical de la Precordillera oriental y valle del Bermejo a los 30° de latitud sur: 13th Congreso Geológico Argentino y 3rd Congreso de Exploración de Hidrocarburos, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Tomo II, p. 211-224.