A refined estimate of the average lifetime cost of pelvic inflammatory disease

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Volumn 30, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 369-378

  Yeh, Jennifer M ^a   Hook III, Edward W ^b   Goldie, Sue J ^a  

^a HARVARD CENTER FOR RISK ANALYSIS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL EXAMINATION; COHORT ANALYSIS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; COST; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DISEASE SEVERITY; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; FEMALE; GENITAL TRACT INFECTION; HUMAN; INFERTILITY; LIFE EXPECTANCY; LIFESPAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MANAGED CARE; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MORBIDITY; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; PELVIS PAIN SYNDROME; QUALITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEAR; SCREENING; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; COHORT STUDIES; COST OF ILLNESS; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFERTILITY, FEMALE; MARKOV CHAINS; MODELS, ECONOMIC; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; PELVIC PAIN; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY, ECTOPIC; TIME FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0038193915     PISSN: 01485717     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00007435-200305000-00001     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Westrom LV. Chlamydia trachomatis-clinical significance and strategies of intervention. Semin Dermatol 1990; 9:117-125.
2. The 1998 guidelines for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998; 47:53-58.
3. Aral SO, Mosher WD, Cates W Jr. Self-reported pelvic inflammatory disease in the United States, 1988. JAMA 1991; 266:2570-2573.
4. Paavonen J, Eggert-Kruse W. Chlamydia trachomatis: impact on human reproduction. Hum Reprod Update 1999; 5:433-447.
5. Westrom L, Eschenbach D. Pelvic inflammatory disease. In: Holmes KK, Mardh PA, Sparling PF, et al., eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999:783-809.
6. Pelvic inflammatory disease: guidelines for prevention and management. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1991; 40:1-25.
7. Ross J. Pelvic inflammatory disease. BMJ 2001; 322:658-659.
8. Nelson HD, Helfand M. Screening for chlamydial infection. Am J Prev Med 2001; 20:95-107.
9. Scholes D, Stergachis A, Heidrich FE, Andrilla H, Holmes KK, Stamm WE. Prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease by screening for cervical chlamydial infection. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1362-1366.
10. Addiss DG, Vaughn ML, Ludka D, Pfister J, Davis JP. Decreased prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection associated with a selective screening program in family planning clinics in Wisconsin. Sex Transm Dis 1993; 20:28-35.
11. Britten TF, DeLisle S, Fine D. STDs and family planning clinics: A regional program for chlamydia control that works. Am J Gynecol Health 1992; 6:24.
12. Egger M, Low N, Smith GD, Lindblom B, Herrmann B. Screening for chlamydial infections and the risk of ectopic pregnancy in a county in Sweden: ecological analysis. BMJ 1998; 316:1776-1780.
13. Kamwendo F, Forslin L, Bodin L, Danielsson D. Decreasing incidences of gonorrhea- and chlamydia-associated acute pelvic inflammatory disease: a 25-year study from an urban area of central Sweden. Sex Transm Dis 1996; 23:384-391.
14. McGlynn E. Choosing and evaluating clinical performance measures. Jt Comm J Qual Improv 1998; 24:470-479.
15. HEDIS 2000 measures zero in on women's health issues. Healthcare Demand Dis Manag 1999; 5:101-104.
16. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for chlamydial infection: recommendations and rationale. Am J Prev Med 2001; 20:90-94.
17. Mangione-Smith R, O'Leary J, McGlynn EA. Health and cost-benefits of chlamydia screening in young women. Sex Transm Dis 1999; 26:309-316.
18. Howell MR, Quinn TC, Gaydos CA. Screening for Chlamydia trachomatis in asymptomatic women attending family planning clinics: a cost-effectiveness analysis of three strategies. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128:277-284.
19. Howell MR, Quinn TC, Brathwaite W, Gaydos CA. Screening women for Chlamydia trachomatis in family planning clinics: the cost-effectiveness of DNA amplification assays. Sex Transm Dis 1998; 25:108-117.
20. Marrazzo JM, Celum CL, Hillis SD, Fine D, DeLisle S, Handsfield HH. Performance and cost-effectiveness of selective screening criteria for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women: implications for a national chlamydia control strategy. Sex Transm Dis 1997; 24:131-141.
21. Phillips R, Aronson MD, Taylor WC, Safran C. Should test for Chlamydia trachomatis cervical infection be done during routine gynecological visits? Analysis of the costs of alternative strategies. Ann Intern Med 1987; 107:188-194.
22. Trachtenberg AI, Washington AE, Halldorson S. A cost-based decision analysis for chlamydia screening in California family planning clinics. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 71:101-108.
23. Humphreys JT, Henneberry JF, Rickard RS, Beebe JL. Cost-benefit analysis of selective screening criteria for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women attending Colorado family planning clinics. Sex Transm Dis 1992; 19:47-53.
24. Magid D, Douglas JM Jr, Schwartz JS. Doxycycline compared with azithromycin for treating women with genital Chlamydia trachomatis infections: an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124:389-399.
25. Postma MJ, Welte R, van den Hoek JA, van Doornum GJ, Jager HC, Coutinho RA. Cost-effectiveness of partner pharmacotherapy in screening women for asymptomatic infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Value in Health 2001; 4:266-275.
26. van Valkengoed IG, Postma MJ, Morre SA, et al. Cost-effectiveness analysis of a population based screening programme for asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women by means of home obtained urine specimens. Sex Transm Infect 2001; 77:276-282.
27. Howell MR, Gaydos JC, McKee KT Jr, Quinn TC, Gaydos CA. Control of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in female army recruits: cost-effective screening and treatment in training cohorts to prevent pelvic inflammatory disease. Sex Transm Dis 1999; 26:519-526.
28. Welte R, Kretzschmar M, Leidl R, van den Hoek JAR, Jager JC, Postma MJ. Cost-effectiveness of screening programs for Chlamydia trachomatis: a population-based dynamic approach. Sex Transm Dis 2000; 27:518-529.
29. Haddix AC, Hillis SD, Kassler WJ. The cost effectiveness of azithromycin for Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women. Sex Transm Dis 1995; 22:274-280.
30. Shafer MA, Pantell RH, Schachter J. Is the routine pelvic examination needed with the advent of urine-based screening for sexually transmitted diseases? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1999; 153:119-125.
31. Gold MR, Siegel JE, Russell LB, Weinstein MC. Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
32. Nettleman MD, Bell TA. Cost-effectiveness of prenatal testing for Chlamydia trachomatis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 164:1289-1294.
33. Chlamydia. In: Stratton KR, Durch JS, Lawrence RS, eds. Vaccines for the 21st Century: A Tool For Decision Making. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2000:149-158.
34. Washington AE, Katz P. Cost of and payment source for pelvic inflammatory disease: trends and projections, 1983 through 2000. JAMA 1991; 266:2565-2569.
35. Rein DB, Kassler WJ, Irwin KL, Rabiee L. Direct medical cost of pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae: decreasing, but still substantial. Obstet Gynecol 2000; 95:397-402.
36. Paavonen J, Puolakkainen M, Paukku M, Sintonen H. Cost-benefit analysis of first-void urine Chlamydia trachomatis screening program. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 92:292-298.
37. Genc M, Ruusuvaara L, Mardh PA. An economic evaluation of screening for Chlamydia trachomatis in adolescent males. JAMA 1993; 270:2057-2064.
38. Genc M, Mardh PA. A cost-effectiveness analysis of screening and treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in asymptomatic women. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124:1-7.
39. Gift TL, Pate MS, Hook EW 3rd, Kassler WJ. The rapid test paradox: when fewer cases detected lead to more cases treated: a decision analysis of tests for Chlamydia trachomatis. Sex Transm Dis 1999; 26:232-240.
40. Sellors JM, Pickard L, Gafni A, et al. Effectiveness and efficiency of selective vs. universal screening for chlamydial infection in sexually active young women. Arch Intern Med 1992; 152:1837-1844.
41. Petita A, Hart SM, Bailey EM. Economic evaluation of three methods of treating urogenital chlamydial infections in the emergency department. Pharmacotherapy 1999; 19:648-654.
42. Mehta SD, Bishai D, Howell MR, Rothman RE, Quinn TC, Zenilman JM. Cost-effectiveness of five strategies for gonorrhea and chlamydia control among female and male emergency department patients. Sex Transm Dis 2002; 29:83-91.
43. Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections-United States, 1995. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997; 46:193-198.
44. Ness RB, Soper DE, Holley RL, et al. Effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient treatment strategies for women with pelvic inflammatory disease: results from the Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) randomized trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186:929-937.
45. Westrom L, Joesoef R, Reynolds G, Hagdu A, Thompson SE. Pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility: a cohort study of 1,844 women with laparoscopically verified disease and 657 control women with normal laparoscopic results. Sex Transm Dis 1992; 19:185-192.
46. Hillis SD, Joesoef R, Marchbanks PA, Wasserheit JN, Cates W Jr, Westrom L. Delayed care of pelvic inflammatory disease as a risk factor for impaired fertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168:1503-1509.
47. Joesoef MR, Westrom L, Reynolds G, Marchbanks P, Cates W. Recurrence of ectopic pregnancy: the role of salpingitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165:46-50.
48. Bronson RA. Tubal pregnancy and infertility. Fertil Steril 1977; 28: 221-228.
49. Makinen JI, Salmi TA, Nikkanen VP, Juhani Koskinen EY. Encouraging rates of fertility after ectopic pregnancy. Int J Fertil 1989; 34:46-51.
50. Nagamani M, London S, Amand PS. Factors influencing fertility after ectopic pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1984; 149:533-535.
51. Westrom L. Gynecological chlamydial infections. Infection 1982; 10(suppl 1):S40-S45.
52. Washington AE, Arno PS, Brooks MA. The economic cost of pelvic inflammatory disease. JAMA 1986; 255:1735-1738.
53. Nettleman MD, Jones RB, Roberts SD, et al. Cost-effectiveness of culturing for Chlamydia trachomatis: a study in a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. Ann Intern Med 1986; 105:189-196.
54. Thompson SE, Washington AE. Epidemiology of sexually transmitted Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Epidemiol Rev 1983; 5:96-123.
55. Westrom L. Effect of acute pelvic inflammatory disease on fertility. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1975; 121:707-13.
56. Washington AE, Sweet RL, Shafer MA. Pelvic inflammatory disease and its sequelae in adolescents. J Adolesc Health Care 1985; 6:298-310.
57. Westrom L. Incidence, prevalence and treads of ectopic pregnancy in a population of women. BMJ (Clin Res Ed) 1981; 282:15-18.
58. Ectopic pregnancy-United States, 1990-1992. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995; 44:46-48.
59. Hirsch MB, Mosher WD. Characteristics of infertile women in the United States and their use of infertility services. Fertil Steril 1987; 47:618-625.
60. Anderson RN. United States life tables. Natl Vital Stat Rep 1999; 47:1-37.
61. Randolph AG, Washington AE, Prober CG. Cesarean delivery for women presenting with genital herpes lesions: efficacy, risks, and costs. JAMA 1993; 270:77-82.
62. Mrus JM, Goldie SJ, Weinstein MC, Tsvet J. The cost-effectiveness of elective Cesarean delivery for HIV-infected women with detectable HIV RNA during pregnancy. AIDS 2000; 14:2543-2552.
63. Petitti DB, Cefalo RC, Shapiro SA, Whalley P. In-hospital maternal mortality in the United States: time trends and relation to method of delivery. Obstet Gynecol 1982; 59:6-12.
64. Cates W, Wasserheit JN, Marchbanks PA. Pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal infertility: the preventable conditions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994; 709:179-195.
65. Division of Quality Control Management, American Medical Association. International Classification of Diseases. 9th Revision. Clinical modification. Chicago: American Hospital Publishing, 1989.
66. Forrest JD, Gold RB, Kenney AM. The Need, Availability, Financing of Reproductive Health Services. New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute. 1989.
67. United States Bureau of Labor, Statistics. Consumer price indexes: Bureau of Labor and Statistics, 2000. Available at http://www. bls.gov/cpihome.htm, accessed May 2001.
68. Fryback DG, Dasbach EJ, Klein R, et al. The Beaver Dam Health Outcomes Study: initial catalog of health-state quality factors. Medical Decision Making 1993; 13:89-102.
69. Wright JC, Weinstein MC. Gains in life expectancy from medical interventions-standardizing data on outcomes. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:380-386.
70. Zondervan K, Barlow DH. Epidemiology of chronic pelvic pain. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2000; 14:403-414.
71. Hillis SD, Owens LM, Marchbanks PA, Amsterdam LF, MacKenzie WR. Recurrent chlamydial infections increase the risks of hospitalization for ectopic pregnancy and pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176:103-107.