Spaces of exclusion: The significance of cultural identity in the formation of European residential districts in British Hong Kong, 1877 - 1904

Environment and Planning D: Society and Space

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 223-252

  Bremner, G Alex ^a   Lung, David P Y ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CULTURAL IDENTITY; HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; RESIDENTIAL LOCATION; SOCIAL EXCLUSION;

CHINA;

VICTORIA;

EID: 0038191022     PISSN: 02637758     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1068/d310     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Abbas A, 1997, "Building on disappearance: Hong Kong architecture and colonial space", in Hong Kong: Culture and the Politics of Disappearance Ed. A Abbass (University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN) pp 63 - 90
2. AlSayyad N, 1992, "Urbanism and the dominance equation: reflections on colonialism and national identity", in Forms of Dominance: on the Architecture and Urbanism of the Colonial Enterprise Ed. N AlSayyad (Avebury, Aldershot, Hants) pp 1 - 26
3. Anderson K J, 1988, "Cultural hegemony and the race-definition process in Chinatown, Vancouver: 1880 - 1980" Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 6 127 - 149
4. Anderson K J, 1991 Vancouver's Chinatown: Racial Discourse in Canada 1875 - 1980 (McGill-Queens University Press, Montreal)
5. Anon 1825, Observations on the buildings, improvements, and extension of the metropolis, of late years: with suggestions and c., in The Pamphleteer 25 (London)
6. Anon (Beresford Hope), 1856 The Saturday Review 29 January, page 236
7. Arnold D, 2000 Re-presenting the Metropolis: Architecture, Urban Experience and Social Life in London 1800 - 1840 (Ashgate, Aldershot, Hants)
8. Auerbach J, 2001, "Art, humor and the mid-nineteenth century crisis of empire", paper delivered at the Art and British Empire c.1600 - 2000 conference, Tate Gallery, 5 - 7 July
9. Ayres P J, 1997 Classical Culture and the Idea of Rome in Eighteenth-century England (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
10. Bard S, 1988 In Search of the Past: A Guide to the Antiques of Hong Kong (Hong Kong Urban Council, Hong Kong)
11. Belcher Captain E, 1843 Narrative of a Voyage Round the World, Performed in Her Majesty's Ship Sulphur. During the Years 1836 - 1842, Including Details of the Naval Operations in China from Dec. 1840, to Nov. 1841 (Henry Colburn, London)
12. Beresford Hope A J, 1946, "Part and future developments of architecture" The Ecclesiologist 5 48 - 53
13. Bernard W D, 1844 Narrative of the Voyages and Services of the Nemesis, from 1840 to 1843; and of the Combined Naval and Military Operations in China: Comprising a Complete Account of the Colony of Hong Kong, and Remarks on the Character and Habits of the Chinese, from Notes of Commander W. H. Hall, R. N. with Personal Observations, by W. D. Bernard, Esq., A. M., Oxon, in two volumes (Henry Colburn, London)
14. Betts R F, 1971, "The allusion to Rome in British Imperialist thought of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries" Victorian Studies 15 149 - 150
15. Bolt C, 1971 Victorian Attitudes to Race (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London)
16. Brotton J, 1997 Trading Territories: Mapping the Early Modern World (Reaktion, London)
17. Cain P J Hopkins A G, 1993 British Imperialism: Innovation and Expansion 1688 - 1914 (Longman, London)
18. Cameron N, 1991 An Illustrated History of Hong Kong (Oxford University Press, Hong Kong)
19. Carroll J M, 1999, "Chineses collaboration in the making of British Hong Kong", in Hong Kong's History: State and Society under Colonial Rule Ed. T-W Ngo (Routledge, London) pp 13 - 29
20. Chan M K (Ed.), 1994 Precarious Balance: Hong Kong Between China and Britain, 1842 - 1992 (Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong)
21. Chan W K, 1991 The Making of Hong Kong Society: Three Studies of Class Formation in Early Hong Kong (Clarendon Press, Oxford)
22. Clarke J J, 1997 Oriental Enlightenment: The Encounter Between Asian and Western Thought (Routledge, London)
23. Colley L, 1992a, "Britishness and otherness: an argument" Journal of British Studies 31 309 - 329
24. Colley L, 1992b Britons: Forging a Nation, 1707 - 1837 (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT)
25. Cormack L B, 1994, "The fashioning of an empire: geography and the state in Elizabethan England", in Geography and Empire Eds A Godlewska, N Smith (Blackwell, Oxford) pp 15 - 30
26. Crinson M, 1996 Empire Building: Orientalism and Victorian Architecture (Routledge, London)
27. Cuthbert A R, 1987, "Hong Kong 1997: the transition to socialism - ideology, discourse, and urban spatial structure" Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 5 123 - 150
28. DiStefano L, 2001, "The Ontario cottage: the globalisation of a British form in the nineteenth century" Traditional Dwellings and Settlement Review 12(2) 33 - 43
29. Driver F, 1992, "Geography's empire: histories of geographical knowledge" Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 10 23 - 40
30. Duncan J, 1993, "Sites of representation: place, time and the discourse of the other", in Place/ Culture/Representation Eds J Duncan, D Ley (Routledge, London) pp 39 - 56
31. Edney M H, 1993a, "Cartography without 'progress': reinterpreting the nature and historical development of mapmaking" Cartographica 30(2 and 3) 54 - 67
32. Edney M H, 1993b, "The patronage of science and the creation of imperial space: the British mapping of India, 1799 - 1843" Cartographica 30(1) 61 - 67
33. Edney M H, 1994, "British military education, mapmaking, and military 'map-mindedness' in the later Enlightenment" The Cartographic Journal 3l 14 - 20
34. Edney M H, 1997 Mapping an Empire: The Geographical Construction of British India, 1765 - 1843 (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL)
35. Eitel E J, 1895 Europe in China: The History of Hong Kong from the Beginning to the Year 1882 (Kelly and Walsh, Hong Kong)
36. Elmes J, Shepherd T H, 1827 Metropolitan Improvements: Or London in the Nineteenth Century, Volume I (Jones & Co., London)
37. Endacott G B, 1958 A History of Hong Kong (Oxford University Press, Oxford)
38. Godlewska A, Smith N, 1994, "Introduction: critical histories of geography", in Geography and Empire Eds A Godlewska, N Smith (Blackwell, Oxford) pp 1 - 8
39. Greene J P, 1998, "Empire and identity from the glorious revolution to the American revolution", in The Oxford History of the British Empire. Volume II, The Eighteenth Century Ed. P J Marshall (Oxford University Press, Oxford) pp 208 - 230
40. Hannaford I, 1996 Race: The History of an Idea in the West (Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD)
41. Harley J B, 1989a, "Maps, knowledge, and power", in The Iconography of Landscape: Essays on the Symbolic Representation, Design and Use of Past Environments Eds D Cosgrove, S Daniels (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) pp 277 - 311
42. Harley J B, 1989b, "Deconstructing the map" Cartographica 26(2) 1 - 20
43. Howard M, 1981, "Empire, race and war in pre-1914 Britain", in History and Imagination: Essays in Honour of H. R. Trevor-Roper Eds H Lloyd-Jones, V Pearl, B Worden (Duckworth, London) pp 340 - 355
44. Howell P M R, 2000, "Prostitution and racialised sexuality: the regulation of prostitution in Britain and the British Empire before the Contagious Diseases Acts" Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 18 321 - 339
45. Hudson B, 1977, "The New Geography and the New Imperialism: 1870 - 1918" Antipode 9(2) 12 - 19
46. Jacobs J M, 1996 Edge of Empire: Postcolonialism and the City (Routledge, London)
47. Jyoti H, 1992, "City as Durbar: theater and power in imperial Delhi", in Forms of Dominance: on the Architecture and Urbanism of the Colonial Enterprise Ed. N AlSayyad (Avebury, Aldershot, Hants) pp 83 - 105
48. Kain R J, Baigent E, 1992 The Cadastral Map in the Service of the State: A History of Property Mapping (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL)
49. Kiernan V G, 1986 The Lords of Human Kind: Black Man, Yellow Man, and White Man in an Age of Empire (Columbia University Press, New York)
50. King A D, 1976 Colonial Urban Development: Culture, Social Power and Environment (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London)
51. Kwong O Y, 1969 The Shifting Pattern of Hong Kong's Central District report produced for the Department of Architecture, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
52. Lau S-K, 1982 Society and Politics in Hong Kong (Chinese University Press, Hong Kong)
53. Levine P, 1998, "Modernity, medicine, and colonialism: the Contagious Diseases Ordinances in Hong Kong and the Straits Settlements" Positions: East Asia Critiques 6 675 - 705
54. Livingstone D N, 1992 The Geographical Tradition: Episodes in the History of a Contested Enterprise (Blackwell, Oxford)
55. Low G C-L, 1989, "White skins/black masks: the pleasures and politics of imperialism" New Formations 9 83 - 103
56. Lowe K, McLaughlin E, 1992, "Sir John Pope Hennessy and the 'native race craze': colonial government in Hong Kong, 1877 - 1882" The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 20 223 - 247
57. Marshall P J, Williams G, 1982 Tire Great Map of Mankind: British Perceptions of the World in the Age of Enlightenment (Dent and Sons, London)
58. Mehta U S, 1990, "Liberal strategies of exclusion" Politics and Society 18 427 - 454
59. Mellor B, 1992 Lugard in Hong Kong: Empires, Education and a Governor at Work 1907 - 1912 (Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong)
60. Metcalf T, 1989 An Imperial Vision: Indian Architecture and Britain's Raj (University of California Press, Berkeley, CA)
61. Metcalf T, 1995 Ideologies of the Raj (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
62. Munn C, 1999, "The criminal trial under early colonial rule", in Hong Kong's History: State and Society Under Colonial Rule Ed. T-W Ngo (Routledge, London) 46 - 73
63. Ngo T-W, 1999, "Colonialism in Hong Kong revisited", in Hong Kong's History: State and Society Under Colonial Rule Ed. T-W Ngo (Routledge, London) pp 1 - 12
64. Norton-Kyshe J W, 1898 The History of the Laws and Courts of Hong Kong: From the Earliest Period to 1898 2 volumes (Unwin, London)
65. Pennycook A, 1998 English and the Discourses of Colonialism (Routledge, London)
66. Platt J J, Jones M E, Platt A K, 1998 The Whitewash Brigade: The Hong Kong Plague of 1894 (DNW, London)
67. Ryan J R, 1997 Picturing Empire: Photography and the Visualisation of the British Empire (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL)
68. Said E W, 1978 Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London)
69. Said E W, 1993 Culture and Imperialism (Alfred A Knopf, New York)
70. Scott F E, 1860 Shall the New Foreign Office be Gothic or Classic? A Plea for the Former (Bell & Daldy, London)
71. Shepherd B, 1893 A Handbook to Hong Kong Being A Popular Guide to the Various Places of Interest in the Colony, for the Use of Tourists (Kelly and Walsh, Hong Kong)
72. Smith N, 1994, "Geography, empire and social theory" Progress in Human Geography 18 491 - 500
73. Tobin B F, 1999 Picturing Imperial Power: Colonial Subjects in Eighteenth-century British Painting (Duke University Press, Durham, NC)
74. Tsai J-F, 1993 Hong Kong in Chinese History: Community and Social Unrest in the British Colony, 1842 - 1913 (Columbia University Press, New York)
75. Tucker F H, 1968 The White Conscience (Frederick Ungar Publishing, New York)
76. Welsh F, 1994 A History of Hong Kong (Harper Collins, London)
77. Wesley-Smith P, 1994, "Anti-Chinese legislation in Hong Kong", in Precarious Balance: Hong Kong Between China and Britain, 1842 - 1992 Ed. Ming K Chan (Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong) pp 91 - 105
78. Wilson K, 1994, "Empire of virtue: the imperial project and Hanoverian culture", in An Imperial State at War: Britain from 1689 to 1815 Ed. L Stone (Routledge, London) pp 128 - 164
79. Wong J W, 1998 Deadly Dreams: Opium, Imperialism, and the Arrow War (1856 - 1860) in China (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge)
80. Wood D, Fels J, 1992 The Power of Maps (Guilford Press, New York)
81. Yeoh B, 1996 Contesting Space: Power Relations and Urban Built Environment in Colonial Singapore (Oxford University Press, Oxford)