Comparative toxicity of tetra ethyl lead and lead oxide to earthworms, Eisenia fetida (Savigny)

Environmental Research

Volumn 92, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 271-276

  Venkateswara Rao, J ^a   Kavitha, P ^a   Padmanabha Rao, A ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY   (India)

Author keywords

Earthworm; Gasoline; Lead oxide; MTBE; TEL

Indexed keywords

GASOLINE; LEAD OXIDE; TETRAETHYLLEAD;

CHEMICAL POLLUTANT; EARTHWORM; TOXICITY TEST;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EARTHWORM; EISENIA FOETIDA; EXPOSURE; LEAD POISONING; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOIL;

EISENIA FETIDA; PHERETIMA SIEBOLDI;

EID: 0038172396     PISSN: 00139351     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0013-9351(02)00091-9     Document Type: Article

References (17)

1. Anderson, C., 1980. Lead and cadmium content in Earthworms from sewage sludge amended arable soil. Biol. Relt. Land Use Pract. Toxic. Subst. [Rep] E.P.A., Vol. 560/13, pp. 148-156.
2. Bhaskaram P.S. Relation between soil moisture and body weight in tropical earthworms. J. Environ. Biol. 7(4):1986;231-238.
3. CDC, 1981. Lead toxicity secondary to gasoline sniffing among Navajos - Arizona. MMWR 30, 366-368.
4. Clayden, E.C., 1962. Practical Section Cutting and Staining, IV Edition. J & A Churchil Ltd., London.
5. EEC, European Economic Committee, 1984. Directive 79/831, Annex V, Part C: Methods for determination of Ecotoxicity - level I, Earthworms - artificial soil. Commission of the European communities, X1/128/82 Rev5.
6. Finney, D.J., 1952. Probit Analysis. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
7. Gupta S.K., Sundararaman V. Biological response of earthworm Pheretima posthuma to inorganic cadmium. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 28(1):1990;71-73.
8. Kalaiselvan K., Prince W., Subburam V. Toxicity of earthworm to Drawida ramnadana (Michaelsen). Pollut. Res. 15(1):1996;15-18.
9. Mohan B.S., Hosetti B.B. Lead toxicity to Salvinia natans grown in macrophyte ponds. J. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Monit. 8(1):1998;03-07.
10. OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1984. Guidelines for testing of chemicals, earthworm, acute toxicity tests (filter paper test and artificial soil test), No. 207:1-9.
11. Pizl V. Earthworms as bioindicators for soil contamination by pesticide. Ekologiya. 5:1989;86-88.
12. Reddy P.J., Krishna P., Murthy U.S.N., Kaiser J. A microcomputer FORTRAN programme for rapid determination of lethal concentration in mosquito control. CABIOS. 8(3):1992;209-213.
13. Reinecke Sophie A., Reinecke A.J. The influence of lead and manganese on spermatozoa of Eisenia fetida. Soil Biol. Biochem. 29(3/4):1997;737-742.
14. Rosner D., Markowitz G. A 'Gift of God'? The public health controversy over leaded gasoline during the 1920s. Am. J. Publ. Health. 75:1985;344-352.
15. Vishwanathan R. Physiological basis of assessment of ecotoxicology of pesticides to soil organisms. Chemosphere. 35(1/2):1997;323-334.
16. Walker J. Biodegradation rates of components of petroleum. Canad. J. Microbiol. 22:1976;1209-1213.
17. Weltie L. Mixture toxicity and tissue interactions of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in earthworms (oligochaeta) in laboratory and field soils. a critical evaluation of data Chemosphere. 36:1998;2643-2660.