메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 73, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 173-189

Modeling long-distance dispersal of plant diaspores by wind

Author keywords

Dispersal distances; Falling velocity; Long distance dispersal; Plant diaspores; Plume model; Seed dispersal; Seed shadows; Thermal updrafts; Topography; Trajectory model; Turbulence; Wind dispersal model

Indexed keywords

ANEMOCHORY; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; PROPAGULE; SEED DISPERSAL; TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT; TURBULENCE; WEATHER;

EID: 0038170283     PISSN: 00129615     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(2003)073[0173:MLDOPD]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (231)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0026082333 scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic models for the seed shadows of wind-dispersed plants
    • Andersen, M. 1991. Mechanistic models for the seed shadows of wind-dispersed plants. American Naturalist 137:476-497.
    • (1991) American Naturalist , vol.137 , pp. 476-497
    • Andersen, M.1
  • 2
    • 0027011655 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the variability in seed settling velocities of several wind-dispersed Asteraceae
    • Andersen, M. C. 1992. An analysis of the variability in seed settling velocities of several wind-dispersed Asteraceae. American Journal of Botany 79:1087-1091.
    • (1992) American Journal of Botany , vol.79 , pp. 1087-1091
    • Andersen, M.C.1
  • 4
    • 0022842323 scopus 로고
    • Morphology and dispersal potential of wind-dispersed diaspores of neotropical trees
    • Augspurger, C. K. 1986. Morphology and dispersal potential of wind-dispersed diaspores of neotropical trees. American Journal of Botany 73:353-363.
    • (1986) American Journal of Botany , vol.73 , pp. 353-363
    • Augspurger, C.K.1
  • 7
    • 0034477648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DIASPORUS: A database for diaspore dispersal - Concept and applications in case studies for risk assessment
    • Bonn, S., P. Poschlod, and O. Tackenberg. 2000. DIASPORUS: a database for diaspore dispersal - concept and applications in case studies for risk assessment. Zeitschrift für Ökologie und Naturschutz 9:85-97.
    • (2000) Zeitschrift für Ökologie und Naturschutz , vol.9 , pp. 85-97
    • Bonn, S.1    Poschlod, P.2    Tackenberg, O.3
  • 10
    • 0033805460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long distance seed dispersal by wind: Measuring and modelling the tail of the curve
    • Bullock, J. M., and R. T. Clarke. 2000. Long distance seed dispersal by wind: measuring and modelling the tail of the curve. Oecologia 124:506-521.
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.124 , pp. 506-521
    • Bullock, J.M.1    Clarke, R.T.2
  • 11
    • 0001085038 scopus 로고
    • Calculations of the primary trajectories of plumed seeds in steady winds with variable convection
    • Burrows, F. M. 1973. Calculations of the primary trajectories of plumed seeds in steady winds with variable convection. New Phytologist 72:647-664.
    • (1973) New Phytologist , vol.72 , pp. 647-664
    • Burrows, F.M.1
  • 12
    • 0016447257 scopus 로고
    • Wind-borne seed and fruit movement
    • Burrows, F. M. 1975a. Wind-borne seed and fruit movement. New Phytologist 75:405-418.
    • (1975) New Phytologist , vol.75 , pp. 405-418
    • Burrows, F.M.1
  • 13
    • 0016445334 scopus 로고
    • Calculation of the primary trajectories of dust seeds, spores and pollen in unsteady winds
    • Burrows, F. M. 1975b. Calculation of the primary trajectories of dust seeds, spores and pollen in unsteady winds. New Phytologist 75:389-403.
    • (1975) New Phytologist , vol.75 , pp. 389-403
    • Burrows, F.M.1
  • 15
    • 0029481301 scopus 로고
    • An eulerian method in the convective boundary layer using explicit periodic advections
    • Carroll, J. J., and M. Liu. 1995. An eulerian method in the convective boundary layer using explicit periodic advections. Journal of Applied Meteorology 34:2449-2461.
    • (1995) Journal of Applied Meteorology , vol.34 , pp. 2449-2461
    • Carroll, J.J.1    Liu, M.2
  • 16
    • 0000045783 scopus 로고
    • Turbulent diffusion of heavy particles in the atmosphere
    • Csanady, G. T. 1963. Turbulent diffusion of heavy particles in the atmosphere. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences 20:201-208.
    • (1963) Journal of Atmospheric Sciences , vol.20 , pp. 201-208
    • Csanady, G.T.1
  • 17
    • 0032558095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stabilization through spatial pattern formation in metapopulations with long-range dispersal
    • Doebeli, M., and G. D. Ruxton. 1998. Stabilization through spatial pattern formation in metapopulations with long-range dispersal. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 265:1325-1332.
    • (1998) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B , vol.265 , pp. 1325-1332
    • Doebeli, M.1    Ruxton, G.D.2
  • 18
    • 0001835643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The trade-off between dispersability and longevity - An important aspect of plant species diversity
    • Ehrlen, J., and J. M. van Groenendael. 1998. The trade-off between dispersability and longevity - an important aspect of plant species diversity. Applied Vegetation Science 1:29-36.
    • (1998) Applied Vegetation Science , vol.1 , pp. 29-36
    • Ehrlen, J.1    Van Groenendael, J.M.2
  • 19
    • 84989092703 scopus 로고
    • Output and dispersal of propagules of Carduus acanthoides L.
    • Feldman, S. R., and J. P. Lewis. 1990. Output and dispersal of propagules of Carduus acanthoides L. Weed Research 30:161-169.
    • (1990) Weed Research , vol.30 , pp. 161-169
    • Feldman, S.R.1    Lewis, J.P.2
  • 20
    • 0032229843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does seed dispersal limit initiation of primary succession in Desert Playas?
    • Fort, K. P., and J. H. Richards. 1998. Does seed dispersal limit initiation of primary succession in Desert Playas? American Journal of Botany 85:1722-1731.
    • (1998) American Journal of Botany , vol.85 , pp. 1722-1731
    • Fort, K.P.1    Richards, J.H.2
  • 22
    • 0024874556 scopus 로고
    • A model of wind dispersal of winged or plumed seeds
    • Greene, D. F., and E. A. Johnson. 1989a. A model of wind dispersal of winged or plumed seeds. Ecology 70:339-347.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 339-347
    • Greene, D.F.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 23
    • 0038207431 scopus 로고
    • Particulate diffusion models and the dispersal of seeds by wind
    • Greene, D. F., and E. A. Johnson. 1989b. Particulate diffusion models and the dispersal of seeds by wind. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:191-192.
    • (1989) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.7 , pp. 191-192
    • Greene, D.F.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 24
    • 0026499803 scopus 로고
    • Can the variation in samara mass and terminal velocity on an individual plant affect the distribution of dispersal distances?
    • Greene, D. F., and E. A. Johnson. 1992a. Can the variation in samara mass and terminal velocity on an individual plant affect the distribution of dispersal distances? American Naturalist 139:825-838.
    • (1992) American Naturalist , vol.139 , pp. 825-838
    • Greene, D.F.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 25
    • 0027041722 scopus 로고
    • Fruit abscission in Acer saccharinum L. with reference to seed dispersal
    • Greene, D. F., and E. A. Johnson. 1992b. Fruit abscission in Acer saccharinum L. with reference to seed dispersal. Canadian Journal of Botany 70:2277-2283.
    • (1992) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.70 , pp. 2277-2283
    • Greene, D.F.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 26
    • 0027446008 scopus 로고
    • Seed mass and dispersal capacity in wind-dispersed diaspores
    • Greene, D. F., and E. A. Johnson. 1993. Seed mass and dispersal capacity in wind-dispersed diaspores. Oikos 67:69-74.
    • (1993) Oikos , vol.67 , pp. 69-74
    • Greene, D.F.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 27
    • 0028984053 scopus 로고
    • Long-distance wind dispersal of tree seeds
    • Greene, D. F., and E. A. Johnson. 1995. Long-distance wind dispersal of tree seeds. Canadian Journal of Botany 73:1036-1045.
    • (1995) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.73 , pp. 1036-1045
    • Greene, D.F.1    Johnson, E.A.2
  • 28
    • 0027811165 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of dispersal in relation to conservation
    • L. Hansson, editor. Elsevier, London, UK
    • Hansson, L., L. Söderström, and C. Solbreck. 1992. The ecology of dispersal in relation to conservation. Pages 162-200 in L. Hansson, editor. Ecological principles of nature conservation. Elsevier, London, UK.
    • (1992) Ecological Principles of Nature Conservation , pp. 162-200
    • Hansson, L.1    Söderström, L.2    Solbreck, C.3
  • 29
    • 0032987501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting plant migration rates in a changing world: The role of long-distance dispersal
    • Higgins, S. I., and D. M. Richardson. 1999. Predicting plant migration rates in a changing world: the role of long-distance dispersal. American Naturalist 153:464-475.
    • (1999) American Naturalist , vol.153 , pp. 464-475
    • Higgins, S.I.1    Richardson, D.M.2
  • 30
    • 0034931903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of a spatial simulation model of a spreading alien plant population
    • Higgins, S. I., D. M. Richardson, and R. M. Cowling. 2001. Validation of a spatial simulation model of a spreading alien plant population. Journal of Applied Ecology 38:571-584.
    • (2001) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.38 , pp. 571-584
    • Higgins, S.I.1    Richardson, D.M.2    Cowling, R.M.3
  • 31
    • 0037869845 scopus 로고
    • Diaspore production and the influence of the size of diaspore traps on the quantitative result of seasonal diaspore rain in two calcareous grassland sites
    • Jackel, A. K., and P. Poschlod. 1994. Diaspore production and the influence of the size of diaspore traps on the quantitative result of seasonal diaspore rain in two calcareous grassland sites. Berichte des Institutes für Landschafts- und Pflanzenökologie der Universität Hohenheim 3:123-132.
    • (1994) Berichte des Institutes für Landschafts- und Pflanzenökologie der Universität Hohenheim , vol.3 , pp. 123-132
    • Jackel, A.K.1    Poschlod, P.2
  • 32
    • 0032736757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling seed dispersal by wind in herbaceous species
    • Jongejans, E., and P. Schippers. 1999. Modeling seed dispersal by wind in herbaceous species. Oikos 87:362-372.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.87 , pp. 362-372
    • Jongejans, E.1    Schippers, P.2
  • 33
    • 0028983865 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal of annual plants in hierarchically structured landscapes
    • Lavorel, S., R. H. Gardner, and R. V. O'Neill. 1995. Dispersal of annual plants in hierarchically structured landscapes. Landscape Ecology 10:277-289.
    • (1995) Landscape Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 277-289
    • Lavorel, S.1    Gardner, R.H.2    O'Neill, R.V.3
  • 34
    • 0002233132 scopus 로고
    • Extinction
    • M. Gerstenhaber, editor. American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
    • Levins, R. 1970. Extinction. Pages 77-107 in M. Gerstenhaber, editor. Some mathematical problems in biology. American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
    • (1970) Some Mathematical Problems in Biology , pp. 77-107
    • Levins, R.1
  • 36
    • 0001951373 scopus 로고
    • Untersuchungen zur verbreitungs-biologic von pflanzengemeinschaften an vier standorten in niederösterreich
    • Schweizer-bart'sche Buchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany
    • Luftensteiner, H. W. 1982. Untersuchungen zur Verbreitungs-biologic von Pflanzengemeinschaften an vier Standorten in Niederösterreich. Bibliotheka Botanica 135. Schweizer-bart'sche Buchhandlung, Stuttgart, Germany.
    • (1982) Bibliotheka Botanica , vol.135
    • Luftensteiner, H.W.1
  • 37
    • 0024876865 scopus 로고
    • Secondary dispersal of seed across snow in Betula lenta, a gap-colonizing tree-species
    • Matlack, G. R. 1989. Secondary dispersal of seed across snow in Betula lenta, a gap-colonizing tree-species. Journal of Ecology 77:853-869.
    • (1989) Journal of Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 853-869
    • Matlack, G.R.1
  • 38
    • 85039663056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long distance dispersal of weed diaspores in agricultural landscapes. The Scheyern approach
    • Shaker, Aachen, Germany
    • Mayer, F. 2000. Long distance dispersal of weed diaspores in agricultural landscapes. The Scheyern approach. FAM-Bericht 47. Shaker, Aachen, Germany.
    • (2000) FAM-Bericht , vol.47
    • Mayer, F.1
  • 39
    • 84904560805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turbulenzstruktur im gestörten Nachlauf einer künstlichen oberfläichenmodifikation. Ein feldexperiment
    • Mazzoni, R. 1996. Turbulenzstruktur im gestörten Nachlauf einer künstlichen Oberfläichenmodifikation. Ein Feldexperiment. Zürcher Geographische Schriften 60.
    • (1996) Zürcher Geographische Schriften , vol.60
    • Mazzoni, R.1
  • 40
    • 0002460882 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal mechanisms through the air
    • R. G. H. Bunce and D. C. Howard, editors. Belhaven, London, UK
    • McCartney, H. A. 1990. Dispersal mechanisms through the air. Pages 133-158 in R. G. H. Bunce and D. C. Howard, editors. Species dispersal in agricultural habitats. Belhaven, London, UK.
    • (1990) Species Dispersal in Agricultural Habitats , pp. 133-158
    • McCartney, H.A.1
  • 41
    • 0001393910 scopus 로고
    • The spinning rotation of ash and tulip tree samaras
    • McCutchen, C. W. 1977. The spinning rotation of ash and tulip tree samaras. Science 197:691-692.
    • (1977) Science , vol.197 , pp. 691-692
    • McCutchen, C.W.1
  • 42
    • 0034144257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population viability analyses in plants: Challenges and opportunities
    • Menges, E. S. 2000. Population viability analyses in plants: challenges and opportunities. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15:51-56.
    • (2000) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.15 , pp. 51-56
    • Menges, E.S.1
  • 44
    • 0001870539 scopus 로고
    • Verbreitungsbiologie der blütenpflanzen graubündens
    • Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der ETH
    • Müller-Schneider, P. 1986. Verbreitungsbiologie der Blütenpflanzen Graubündens. Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der ETH. Stiftung Rübel 85:1-263.
    • (1986) Stiftung Rübel , vol.85 , pp. 1-263
    • Müller-Schneider, P.1
  • 45
    • 0032229649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seed dispersal characteristics of Brassavola nodosa (Orchidaceae)
    • Murren, C. J., and A. M. Ellison. 1998. Seed dispersal characteristics of Brassavola nodosa (Orchidaceae). American Journal of Botany 85:675-680.
    • (1998) American Journal of Botany , vol.85 , pp. 675-680
    • Murren, C.J.1    Ellison, A.M.2
  • 46
    • 0035128597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Field validation and sensitivity analysis of a mechanistic model for tree seed dispersal by wind
    • Nathan, R., U. N. Safriel, and I. Noy-Meir. 2001. Field validation and sensitivity analysis of a mechanistic model for tree seed dispersal by wind. Ecology 82:374-388.
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 374-388
    • Nathan, R.1    Safriel, U.N.2    Noy-Meir, I.3
  • 47
    • 0024903148 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical framework for data analysis of wind dispersal of seeds and pollen
    • Okubo, A., and S. A. Levin. 1989. A theoretical framework for data analysis of wind dispersal of seeds and pollen. Ecology 70:329-338.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.70 , pp. 329-338
    • Okubo, A.1    Levin, S.A.2
  • 48
    • 0002384717 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal in fragmented populations: The key to survival
    • R. G. H. Bunce and D. C. Howard, editors. Belhaven, London, UK
    • Opdam, P. 1990. Dispersal in fragmented populations: the key to survival. Pages 3-17 in R. G. H. Bunce and D. C. Howard, editors. Species dispersal in agricultural habitats. Belhaven, London, UK.
    • (1990) Species Dispersal in Agricultural Habitats , pp. 3-17
    • Opdam, P.1
  • 50
    • 0027835427 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal in a metapopulation neighbourhood model of an annual plant with a seedbank
    • Perry, J. N., and J.-L. Gonzalez-Andujar. 1993. Dispersal in a metapopulation neighbourhood model of an annual plant with a seedbank. Journal of Ecology 81:453-464.
    • (1993) Journal of Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 453-464
    • Perry, J.N.1    Gonzalez-Andujar, J.-L.2
  • 51
    • 0001935433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersal of plants in fragmented landscapes. Changes of dispersal processes in the actual and historical man-made landscape
    • J. Settele, C. R. Margules, P. Poschlod, and K. Henle, editors. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
    • Poschlod, P., J. Bakker, S. Bonn, and S. F. Fischer. 1996. Dispersal of plants in fragmented landscapes. Changes of dispersal processes in the actual and historical man-made landscape. Pages 123-127 in J. Settele, C. R. Margules, P. Poschlod, and K. Henle, editors. Species survival in fragmented landscapes. Kluwer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
    • (1996) Species Survival in Fragmented Landscapes , pp. 123-127
    • Poschlod, P.1    Bakker, J.2    Bonn, S.3    Fischer, S.F.4
  • 52
    • 0031805597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing dispersal processes in the central European landscape since the last ice age: An explanation for the actual decrease of plant species richness in different habitats?
    • Poschlod, P., and S. Bonn. 1998. Changing dispersal processes in the central European landscape since the last ice age: an explanation for the actual decrease of plant species richness in different habitats? Acta Botanica Neerlandica 47:27-44.
    • (1998) Acta Botanica Neerlandica , vol.47 , pp. 27-44
    • Poschlod, P.1    Bonn, S.2
  • 54
    • 0027028090 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal can limit local plant distribution
    • Primack, R. B., and S. L. Miao. 1992. Dispersal can limit local plant distribution. Conservation Biology 6:513-519.
    • (1992) Conservation Biology , vol.6 , pp. 513-519
    • Primack, R.B.1    Miao, S.L.2
  • 55
    • 0023773687 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic wind field modeling for complex terrain: Model development and testing
    • Ross, D. G., I. N. Smith, P. C. Manins, and D. G. Fox. 1988. Diagnostic wind field modeling for complex terrain: model development and testing. Journal of Applied Meteorology 27:785-796.
    • (1988) Journal of Applied Meteorology , vol.27 , pp. 785-796
    • Ross, D.G.1    Smith, I.N.2    Manins, P.C.3    Fox, D.G.4
  • 56
    • 0023496588 scopus 로고
    • Variability in dispersal ability of common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca, seeds
    • Sacchi, C. F. 1987. Variability in dispersal ability of common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca, seeds. Oikos 49:191-198.
    • (1987) Oikos , vol.49 , pp. 191-198
    • Sacchi, C.F.1
  • 58
    • 0000596753 scopus 로고
    • Die verbreitung von samen und blütenstaub durch die luftbewegung
    • Schmidt, W. 1918. Die Verbreitung von Samen und Blütenstaub durch die Luftbewegung. Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 67:313-328.
    • (1918) Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift , vol.67 , pp. 313-328
    • Schmidt, W.1
  • 59
    • 0037532134 scopus 로고
    • Apparatus for measuring the fall velocity of anemochorus diaspores with results from two plant communities
    • Schulz, B., J. Doering, and G. Gottsberger. 1991. Apparatus for measuring the fall velocity of anemochorus diaspores with results from two plant communities. Oecologia 86:454-456.
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.86 , pp. 454-456
    • Schulz, B.1    Doering, J.2    Gottsberger, G.3
  • 60
    • 0032193880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computation of 3-D stratified turbulent flow around a mountain
    • Sha, W. 1998. Computation of 3-D stratified turbulent flow around a mountain. Environmental Modelling and Software 13:309-315.
    • (1998) Environmental Modelling and Software , vol.13 , pp. 309-315
    • Sha, W.1
  • 61
    • 0020343240 scopus 로고
    • Integrating the effects of climate and seed fall velocities on seed dispersal by wind: A model and its application
    • Sharpe, D. M., and D. E. Fields. 1982. Integrating the effects of climate and seed fall velocities on seed dispersal by wind: a model and its application. Ecological Modeling 17:297-310.
    • (1982) Ecological Modeling , vol.17 , pp. 297-310
    • Sharpe, D.M.1    Fields, D.E.2
  • 62
    • 0008824797 scopus 로고
    • The dispersal effectiveness of the achene-pappus units of selected compositae in steady winds with convection
    • Sheldon, J. C., and F. M. Burrows. 1973. The dispersal effectiveness of the achene-pappus units of selected compositae in steady winds with convection. New Phytologist 72:665-675.
    • (1973) New Phytologist , vol.72 , pp. 665-675
    • Sheldon, J.C.1    Burrows, F.M.2
  • 63
    • 0000075013 scopus 로고
    • Dispersal of musk thistle (Carduus nutans) seeds
    • Smith, L. M., and L. T. Kok. 1984. Dispersal of musk thistle (Carduus nutans) seeds. Weed Science 32:120-125.
    • (1984) Weed Science , vol.32 , pp. 120-125
    • Smith, L.M.1    Kok, L.T.2
  • 64
    • 0023467550 scopus 로고
    • Vertical distribution of fireweed, Epilobium angustifolium, seeds in the air
    • Solbreck, C., and D. Andersson. 1987. Vertical distribution of fireweed, Epilobium angustifolium, seeds in the air. Canadian Journal of Botany 65:2177-2178.
    • (1987) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.65 , pp. 2177-2178
    • Solbreck, C.1    Andersson, D.2
  • 65
    • 0037869899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methoden zur bewertung gradueller unterschiede des ausbreitungspotentials von pflanzenarten. Modellierung des windausbreitungspotentials und regelbasierte ableitung des fernausbreitungspotentials
    • Cramer, Berlin, Germany
    • Tackenberg, O. 2001. Methoden zur Bewertung gradueller Unterschiede des Ausbreitungspotentials von Pflanzenarten. Modellierung des Windausbreitungspotentials und regelbasierte Ableitung des Fernausbreitungspotentials. Dissertationes Botanicae 347, Cramer, Berlin, Germany. [Online, URL: 〈http://archiv.ub.uni-marburg.de/diss/z2001/0107〉.]
    • (2001) Dissertationes Botanicae , vol.347
    • Tackenberg, O.1
  • 66
    • 0038170281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of wind dispersal potential in plant species
    • Tackenberg, O., P. Poschlod, and S. Bonn. 2003. Assessment of wind dispersal potential in plant species. Ecological Monographs 73:191-205.
    • (2003) Ecological Monographs , vol.73 , pp. 191-205
    • Tackenberg, O.1    Poschlod, P.2    Bonn, S.3
  • 67
    • 0033041392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Range size, dispersal and niche breadth in the herbaceous flora of central England
    • Thompson, K., K. J. Gaston, and S. R. Band. 1999. Range size, dispersal and niche breadth in the herbaceous flora of central England. Journal of Ecology 87:150-155.
    • (1999) Journal of Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 150-155
    • Thompson, K.1    Gaston, K.J.2    Band, S.R.3
  • 68
    • 0031681311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An application of a simple Monte Carlo dispersion model in complex terrain
    • Tombrou, M., E. Bossiolo, and D. Lalas. 1998. An application of a simple Monte Carlo dispersion model in complex terrain. Environmental Modelling and Software 13:45-58.
    • (1998) Environmental Modelling and Software , vol.13 , pp. 45-58
    • Tombrou, M.1    Bossiolo, E.2    Lalas, D.3
  • 70
    • 0023496636 scopus 로고
    • A random-walk model for dispersion of heavy particles in turbulent air flow
    • Walklate, P. J. 1987. A random-walk model for dispersion of heavy particles in turbulent air flow. Boundary Layer Meteorology 39:175-190.
    • (1987) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.39 , pp. 175-190
    • Walklate, P.J.1
  • 71
    • 0030424274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of Lagrangian stochastic models for trajectories in the turbulent atmosphere
    • Wilson, J. D., and B. L. Sawford. 1996. Review of Lagrangian stochastic models for trajectories in the turbulent atmosphere. Boundary Layer Meteorology 78:191-210.
    • (1996) Boundary Layer Meteorology , vol.78 , pp. 191-210
    • Wilson, J.D.1    Sawford, B.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.