Toothbrushing and gingival recession

International Dental Journal

Volumn 53, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 67-72

  Litonjua, Luis A ^a   Andreana, Sebastiano ^b   Bush, Peter J ^b   Cohen, Robert E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Gingival abrasion; Gingival recession; Manual toothbrush; Power toothbrush; Tooth abrasion; Toothbrush trauma

Indexed keywords

ABRASION; GINGIVA DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPOTHESIS; INJURY; MOUTH HYGIENE; PERIODONTAL DISEASE; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; TOOTH BRUSHING; TOOTH MALFORMATION; PERIODONTITIS; TOOTH DISEASE;

GINGIVAL RECESSION; HUMANS; PERIODONTITIS; PREVALENCE; TOOTH ABRASION; TOOTHBRUSHING;

EID: 0038169102     PISSN: 00206539     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1875-595X.2003.tb00661.x     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. th Ed., p 44. Chicago: The American Academy of Periodontology, 2001.
2. Smith RG. Gingival recession. Reappraisal of an enigmatic condition and a new index for monitoring. J Clin Periodontol 1997 24: 201-205.
3. Niemi M-L, Sandholm L, Ainamo J. Frequency of gingival lesions after standardized brushing as related to stiffness of toothbrush and abrasiveness of dentifrice. J Clin Periodontol 1984 11: 254-261.
4. Joshipura KJ, Kent RL, DePaola PF. Gingival recession: intra-oral distribution and associated factors. J Periodontol 1994 65: 864-871.
5. Löe H, Ånerud Å, Boysen H. The natural history of periodontal disease in man: Prevalence, severity, and extent of gingival recession. J Periodontol 1992 63: 489-495.
6. Pattison GL. Self-inflicted gingival injuries: literature review and case report. J Periodontol 1983 54: 299-304.
7. Kretchmer MC, Moriarty JD. Metal piercing through the tongue and localized loss of attachment: a case report. J Periodontol 2001 72: 831-833.
8. Er N, Ozkavaf A, Berberoglu A et al. An unusual cause of gingival recession: oral piercing. J Periodontol 2000 71: 1767-1769.
9. Watson PJC. Gingival recession. J Dent 1984 12: 29-35.
10. Löst C. Depth of alveolar bone dehiscences in relation to gingival recessions. J Clin Periodontol 1984 11: 583-589.
11. Hall WB. Present status of soft tissue grafting. J Periodontol 1977 48: 587-597.
12. Bernimoulin J-P, Curilovic Z. Gingival recession and tooth mobility. J Clin Periodontol 1977 4: 107-114.
13. Wennström JL. Mucogingival therapy. Ann Periodontol 1996 1: 671-701.
14. Johnson BD, Mulligan K, Kiyak H A et al. Aging or disease? Periodontal changes and treatment considerations in the older dental patient. Gerodontology 1989 8: 109-118.
15. Lindhe J, Nyman S. Alterations of the position of the marginal soft tissue following periodontal surgery. J Clin Periodontol 1980 7: 525-530.
16. Dowell P, Addy M. Dentine hypersensitivity - A review. Aetiology, symptoms and theories of pain production. J Clin Periodontol 1983 10: 341-350.
17. Vehkalahti M. Occurrence of gingival recession in adults. J Periodontol 1989 60: 559-603.
18. O'Leary TJ, Drake RB, Jividen GJ et al. The incidence of recession in young males: relationship to gingival and plaque scores. Periodontics 1968 6: 109-111.
19. O'Leary T J, Drake R B, Crump P P, et al. The incidence of recession in young males: a further study. J Periodontol 1971 42: 264-267.
20. Checchi L, Daprile G, Gatto MRA et al. Gingival recession and toothbrushing in an Italian school of dentistry: a pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 1999 26: 276-280.
21. Serino G, Wennström J, Lindhe J et al. The Prevalence and distribution of gingival recession in subjects with a high standard of oral hygiene. J Clin Periodontol 1994 21: 57-63.
22. Sangnes G, Gjermo P. Prevalence of oral soft and hard tissue lesions related to mechanical toothcleansing procedures. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1976 4: 77-83.
23. Yoneyama T, Okamoto H, Lindhe J, et al. Probing depth, attachment loss and gingival recession. J Clin Periodontol 1988 15: 581-591.
24. Albandar J , Kingman A. Gingival recession, gingival bleeding, and dental calculus in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States, 1988-1994. J Periodontol 1999 70: 30-43.
25. Gorman WG. Prevalence and etiology of gingival recession. J Periodontol 1967 38: 316-322.
26. Björn A-L, Andersson U, Olsson A. Gingival recession in 15-year-old pupils. Swed Dent J 1981 5: 141-146.
27. Akpata ES, Jackson D. The prevalence and distribution of gingivitis and gingival recession in children and young adults in Lagos, Nigeria. J Periodontol 1979 50: 79-83.
28. Kitchin PC. The prevalence of tooth root exposure, and the relation of the extent of such exposure to the degree of abrasion in different age classes. J Dent Res 1941 20: 565-581.
29. Löe H, Ånerud Å, Boysen H et al. The natural history of periodontal disease in man: the rate of periodontal destruction before 40 years of age. J Periodontol 1978 49: 607-620.
30. Khocht A, Simon G, Person P et al. Gingival recession in relation to history of hard toothbrush use. J Periodontol 1993 64: 900-905.
31. Baker DL, Seymour GJ. The possible pathogenesis of gingival recession: A histological study of induced recession in the rat. J Clin Periodontol 1976 3: 208-219.
32. Baelum V, Fejerskov O, Karring T. Oral hygiene, gingivitis, and periodontal breakdown in adult Tanzanians. J Periodont Res 1986 21: 221-232.
33. Smukler H, Machtei E. Gingival recession and plaque control. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1987 8: 194-198.
34. Lindhe J, Socransky SS, Nyman S et al. Dimensional alteration of the periodontal tissues following therapy. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 1987 2: 8-21.
35. Badersten A, Nilveus R, Egelberg J. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. II. severely advanced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 1984 11: 63-76.
36. Badersten A, Nilveus R, Egelberg J. Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. III. single versus repeated instrumentation. J Clin Periodontol 1984 11: 114-124.
37. Isidor F, Karring T, Attström R. The effect of root planing as compared to that of surgical treatment. J Clin Periodontol 1984 11: 669-681.
38. Sangnes G. Traumatization of teeth and gingiva related to habitual tooth cleaning procedures. J Clin Periodontol 1976 3: 94-103.
39. Gillette WB, Van House RL. Ill effects of improper oral hygiene procedure. J Am Dent Assoc 1980 101: 476-481.
40. Addy M, Mostafa P, Newcombe RG. Dentine hypersensitivity: The distribution of recession, sensitivity and plaque. J Dent 1987 15: 242-248.
41. Kleber BM. The pattern of prevalence of localized periodontal recession. Dtsch Stomatol 1991 41: 174-175.
42. Kleber BM. Localized periodontal recession - only caused by the chronic brushing trauma? Parodontol 1991 2: 235-243.
43. Kleber BM. Frequency and pathogenesis of local periodontal recessions. Stomatol DDR 1990 40: 70-72.
44. Stahl SS. Healing gingival injury in normal and systemically stressed young adult male rats. J Periodontol 1961 32: 63-73.
45. Stahl SS. Prolonged healing sequences following gingival injuries in adult rats. Periodontics 1964 2: 97-105.
46. Stahl SS, Person P. Reattachment of epithelium and connective tissue following gingival injury in rats. J Periodontol 1962 33: 51-55.
47. Alexander JF, Saffir AJ, Gold W. The measurement of the effect of toothbrushes on soft tissue abrasion. J Dent Res 1977 56: 722-727.
48. Anneroth G, Poppelman A. Histological evaluation of gingival damage by toothbrushing, an experimental study in dog. Acta Odontol Scand 1975 33: 119-127.
49. Tanaka M, Hanioka T, Ojima M et al. Effect of mechanical stimulation by toothbrushing on oxygen tension in dog gingiva. Arch Oral Biol 1994 39: 1001-1002.
50. Tanaka M, Hanioka T, Kishimoto M et al. Comparison of modalities of mechanical stimulation with a toothbrush on improvement of oxygen sufficiency in dog gingiva. J Clin Periodontol 1997 24: 632-635.
51. Tanaka M, Hanioka T, Kishimoto M et al. Effect of mechanical toothbrush stimulation on gingival microcirculatory functions in inflamed gingiva of dogs. J Clin Periodontol 1998 25: 561-565.
52. Hirschfeld, I. The Toothbrush: Its Use and Abuse. pp 180-276. New York: Dental Items of Interest Publishing Co, 1939.
53. Axéll T, Koch G. Traumatic ulcerative gingival lesion. J Clin Periodontol 1982 9: 178-183.
54. Smukler H, Landsberg J. The toothbrush and gingival traumatic injury. J Periodontol 1984 55: 713-719.
55. Sandholm L, Niemi M-L, Ainamo J. Identification of soft tissue brushing lesions. A clinical and scanning electron microscope study. J Clin Periodontol 1982 9: 397-401.
56. Breitenmoser J, Mörmann W, Mühlemann HR. Damaging effects of toothbrush bristle end form on gingiva. J Periodontol 1979 50: 212-216.
57. Niemi M-L, Ainamo J, Etemadzadeh H. The effect of toothbrushing grip on gingival abrasion and plaque removal during toothbrushing. J Clin Periodontol 1987 14: 19-21.
58. Danser MM, Timmerman MF, IJzerman Y, et al. Evaluation of the incidence of gingival abrasion as a result of toothbrushing. J Clin Periodontol 1998 25: 701-706.
59. Tritten CB, Armitage GC. Comparison of a sonic and a manual toothbrush for efficacy in supragingival plaque removal and reduction of gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1996 23: 641-648.
60. Niemi M-L. Gingival abrasion and plaque removal after toothbrushing with an electric and manual toothbrush. Acta Odontol Scand 1987 45: 367-370.
61. Niemi M-L, Ainamo J, Etemadzadeh H. Gingival abrasion and plaque removal with manual versus electric toothbrushing. J Clin Periodontol 1986 13: 709-713
62. Yankell SL, Emling RC. A study of gingival irritation and plaque removal following a three-minute toothbrushing. J Clin Dent 1994 5: 1-4.
63. Mantokoudis D, Joss A, Christensen MM et al. Comparison of the clinical effects and gingival abrasion aspects of manual and electric toothbrushes. J Clin Periodontol 2001 28: 65-72.
64. Walsh M. Comparison of manual and power toothbrushing, with and without adjunctive oral irrigation, for controlling plaque and gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 1989 16: 419-427.
65. Wilson S, Levine D, Dequincey G et al. Effects of two toothbrushes on plaque, gingivitis, gingival abrasion, and recession: a 1-year longitudinal study. Compend Cont Educ Dent Suppl 1993 16: S569-S579.
66. Stahl SS. The healing of an experimentally induced wound in female rats. J Dent Med 1962 17: 68-70.
67. Mittelman HR, Toto PD, Sicher H et al. Healing in the human attached gingiva. Periodontics 1964 2: 106-114.
68. Stahl S, Wachtel N, de Castro C et al. The effect of toothbrushing on keratinization of the gingiva. J Periodontol 1953 24: 20-21.
69. Serowick J. Keratinization and brushing. Dent Stud 1971 49: 58, 85.
70. Robinson H, Kitchin P. The effect of massage with the toothbrush on keratinization of the gingivae. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path 1948 1: 1042-1046.
71. Hanioka T, Nagata H, Murakami Y et al. Mechanical stimulation by toothbrushing increases oxygen sufficiency in human gingivae. J Clin Periodontol 1993 20: 591-594.
72. Ikawa M, Ikawa K, Horiuchi H. The effects of thermal and mechanical stimulation on blood flow in healthy and inflamed gingiva in man. Arch Oral Biol 1998 43: 127-132.
73. Perry DA, McDowell J, Goodis HE. Gingival microcirculation response to toothbrushing measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. J Periodontol 1997 68: 990-995.
74. Ainamo A, Ainamo J, Poikkeus R. Continuous widening of the band of attached gingiva from 23-65 years of age. J Periodont Res 1981 16: 595-599.
75. Mazeland GRJ. Longitudinal aspects of gingival width. J Periodont Res 1980 15: 429-433.
76. Andlin-Sobocki A, Marcusson A, Persson M. 3-year observations on gingival recession in mandibular incisors in children. J Clin Periodontol 1991 18: 155-159.
77. Björn H, Lindhe J. Abrasion of dentine by toothbrush and dentifrice Odont Rev 1966; 17: 17-27.
78. Padbury AD, Ash MM. Abrasion caused by three methods of toothbrushing. J Periodontol 1974 45: 434-438.
79. Davis WB, Winter PJ. Measurement in vitro of enamel abrasion by dentifrice. J Dent Res 78 1976 55: 970-975.
80. Reisstein, J, Lustman I, Hershkovitz J et al. Abrasion of enamel and cementum in human teeth due to toothbrush estimated by SEM. J Dent Res 1978 57:42.
81. Slop D, de Rooij JF, Arends J. Abrasion of enamel I. an in vitro investigation. Caries Res 1983 17: 242-248.
82. Noordmans J, Pluim LJ, Hummel J et al. A new profilometric method for determination of enamel and dentinal abrasion in vivo using computer comparisons: a pilot study. Quintessence Int 1991 22: 653-657.
83. Bader JD, McClure F, Scurria MS, et al. Case-control study of non-carious cervical lesions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996 24: 286-291.
84. Attin T, Buchalla W, Gollner M et al. Use of variable remineralization periods to improve the abrasion resistance of previously eroded enamel. Caries Res 2000 34: 48-52.
85. Jaeggi T, Lussi A. Toothbrush abrasion of erosively altered enamel after intraoral exposure to saliva: an in situ study. Caries Res 1999 33: 455-461.
86. McCoy G. The etiology of gingival erosion. J Oral Implantol 1982 10: 361-362.
87. McCoy G. On the longevity of teeth. J Oral Implantol 1983 11: 248-267.
88. Lee WC, Eakle WS. Possible role of tensile stress in the etiology of cervical lesions of teeth. J Prosthet Dent 1984 53: 374-379.
89. Grippo JO. Abfractions: a new classification of hard tissue lesions of teeth. J Esthet Dent 1991 3: 14-19.