Contemporary challenges to welfare state development

Political Studies

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 777-794

  Pierson, Christopher ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0038120353     PISSN: 00323217     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9248.00167     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. For excellent surveys of the recent literature see J. O'Connor, From Women in the Welfare State to Gendering Welfare State Regimes, Special Issue, Current Sociology, 44, 2 (1996); N. Barry, 'Conservative thought and the welfare state', Political Studies, 45, 2 (1997), 331-45; P. Wilding, 'The welfare state and the Conservatives', Political Studies, 45, 4 (1997), 716-26.
2. For excellent surveys of the recent literature see J. O'Connor, From Women in the Welfare State to Gendering Welfare State Regimes, Special Issue, Current Sociology, 44, 2 (1996); N. Barry, 'Conservative thought and the welfare state', Political Studies, 45, 2 (1997), 331-45; P. Wilding, 'The welfare state and the Conservatives', Political Studies, 45, 4 (1997), 716-26.
3. For excellent surveys of the recent literature see J. O'Connor, From Women in the Welfare State to Gendering Welfare State Regimes, Special Issue, Current Sociology, 44, 2 (1996); N. Barry, 'Conservative thought and the welfare state', Political Studies, 45, 2 (1997), 331-45; P. Wilding, 'The welfare state and the Conservatives', Political Studies, 45, 4 (1997), 716-26.
4. As, for example, in A. Hicks and J. Misra, 'Political resources and the growth of welfare in affluent capitalist democracies', American Journal of Sociology, 99, 3 (1993), 668-710 and T. Janoski and A. M. Hicks, The Comparative Political Economy of the Welfare State (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994).
5. As, for example, in A. Hicks and J. Misra, 'Political resources and the growth of welfare in affluent capitalist democracies', American Journal of Sociology, 99, 3 (1993), 668-710 and T. Janoski and A. M. Hicks, The Comparative Political Economy of the Welfare State (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994).
6. Michael Jones, The Australian Welfare State: Evaluating Social Policy, 4th ed. (Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 1996); A. Armitage, Social Welfare in Canada Revisited (Ontario, Oxford University Press, 1996); P. Flora (ed.), Growth to Limits (Berlin, De Gruyter, 1986/87).
7. Michael Jones, The Australian Welfare State: Evaluating Social Policy, 4th ed. (Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 1996); A. Armitage, Social Welfare in Canada Revisited (Ontario, Oxford University Press, 1996); P. Flora (ed.), Growth to Limits (Berlin, De Gruyter, 1986/87).
8. Michael Jones, The Australian Welfare State: Evaluating Social Policy, 4th ed. (Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 1996); A. Armitage, Social Welfare in Canada Revisited (Ontario, Oxford University Press, 1996); P. Flora (ed.), Growth to Limits (Berlin, De Gruyter, 1986/87).
9. R. Titmuss, Social Policy (London, Allen and Unwin, 1974), pp. 30-1.
10. G. Esping-Andersen, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Cambridge, Polity, 1990).
11. F. Castles and D. Mitchell, 'Identifying welfare state regimes', Governance, 5, 1 (1992), 1-26.
12. A. Gould, The Swedish System in Turmoil (London, Social Policy Association, 1995).
13. S. Leibfried, 1993, 'Towards a European Welfare State?', in C. Jones (ed.), New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe (London, Routledge, 1993), pp. 133-56.
14. M. Ferrera, 1996, 'The "southern model" of welfare in social Europe', Journal of European Social Policy, 6, 1 (1996), 17-37.
15. R. Goodman and I. Peng, 'The East Asian Welfare State', in G. Esping-Andersen (ed.), Welfare States in Transition (London, Sage/UNRISD, 1996); C. Jones, 'The Pacific Challenge: Confucian Welfare States', in New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe (London, Routledge, 1993), pp. 198-217;
16. R. Goodman and I. Peng, 'The East Asian Welfare State', in G. Esping-Andersen (ed.), Welfare States in Transition (London, Sage/UNRISD, 1996); C. Jones, 'The Pacific Challenge: Confucian Welfare States', in New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe (London, Routledge, 1993), pp. 198-217;
17. G. Esping-Andersen, 'Hybrid or unique? The Japanese welfare state between Europe and America', Journal of European Social Policy, 7, 3 (1996), 179-89.
18. N. Manning, 'Social Policy and the Welfare State', in D. Lane (ed.), Russia in Transition (London, Longman, 1995); for an early survey, see Bob Deacon, The New Eastern Europe (London, Sage, 1992).
19. N. Manning, 'Social Policy and the Welfare State', in D. Lane (ed.), Russia in Transition (London, Longman, 1995); for an early survey, see Bob Deacon, The New Eastern Europe (London, Sage, 1992).
20. World Bank, Averting the Old Age Crisis (New York, Oxford University Press, 1994).
21. J. Lewis, 'Gender and the development of welfare regimes', Journal of European Social Policy, 2, 3 (1992), 159-73; J. O'Connor, From Women in the Welfare State to Gendering Welfare State Regimes, Special Issue: Current Sociology, 44, 2 (1996); A. S. Orloff, 'Gender and the social rights of citizenship: the comparative analysis of gender relations and welfare states', American Sociological Review, 58 (1993), 303-28; D. Sainsbury, Gendering Welfare States (London, Sage, 1994); J. Lewis, 'Gender and welfare regimes', Social Politics, 4 (1997), 160-77.
22. J. Lewis, 'Gender and the development of welfare regimes', Journal of European Social Policy, 2, 3 (1992), 159-73; J. O'Connor, From Women in the Welfare State to Gendering Welfare State Regimes, Special Issue: Current Sociology, 44, 2 (1996); A. S. Orloff, 'Gender and the social rights of citizenship: the comparative analysis of gender relations and welfare states', American Sociological Review, 58 (1993), 303-28; D. Sainsbury, Gendering Welfare States (London, Sage, 1994); J. Lewis, 'Gender and welfare regimes', Social Politics, 4 (1997), 160-77.
23. J. Lewis, 'Gender and the development of welfare regimes', Journal of European Social Policy, 2, 3 (1992), 159-73; J. O'Connor, From Women in the Welfare State to Gendering Welfare State Regimes, Special Issue: Current Sociology, 44, 2 (1996); A. S. Orloff, 'Gender and the social rights of citizenship: the comparative analysis of gender relations and welfare states', American Sociological Review, 58 (1993), 303-28; D. Sainsbury, Gendering Welfare States (London, Sage, 1994); J. Lewis, 'Gender and welfare regimes', Social Politics, 4 (1997), 160-77.
24. J. Lewis, 'Gender and the development of welfare regimes', Journal of European Social Policy, 2, 3 (1992), 159-73; J. O'Connor, From Women in the Welfare State to Gendering Welfare State Regimes, Special Issue: Current Sociology, 44, 2 (1996); A. S. Orloff, 'Gender and the social rights of citizenship: the comparative analysis of gender relations and welfare states', American Sociological Review, 58 (1993), 303-28; D. Sainsbury, Gendering Welfare States (London, Sage, 1994); J. Lewis, 'Gender and welfare regimes', Social Politics, 4 (1997), 160-77.
25. J. Lewis, 'Gender and the development of welfare regimes', Journal of European Social Policy, 2, 3 (1992), 159-73; J. O'Connor, From Women in the Welfare State to Gendering Welfare State Regimes, Special Issue: Current Sociology, 44, 2 (1996); A. S. Orloff, 'Gender and the social rights of citizenship: the comparative analysis of gender relations and welfare states', American Sociological Review, 58 (1993), 303-28; D. Sainsbury, Gendering Welfare States (London, Sage, 1994); J. Lewis, 'Gender and welfare regimes', Social Politics, 4 (1997), 160-77.
26. Lewis, 'Gender and the development of welfare regimes', p. 161.
27. Lewis, 'Gender and the development of welfare regimes', p. 165.
28. Orloff, 'Gender and the social rights of citizenship', pp. 318-22.
29. See, for example, Commission on Social Justice, Social Justice: Strategies for National Renewal (London, Vintage, 1994).
30. P. Van Parijs, Real Freedom for All: What (If Anything) Can Justify Capitalism? (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995).
31. S. Webb and B. Webb, English Local Government (London, Longmans Green, 1910).
32. See, for example, P. Thane, Foundations of the Welfare State (London, Longman, 1982); A. Briggs, 'The Welfare State in Historical Perspective' (1961), reprinted in C. Schottlan (ed.), The Welfare State (New York, Harper and Row, 1969), pp. 35-45; on the USA, see F. F. Piven and R. Cloward, Regulating the Poor (New York, Pantheon, 1971).
33. See, for example, P. Thane, Foundations of the Welfare State (London, Longman, 1982); A. Briggs, 'The Welfare State in Historical Perspective' (1961), reprinted in C. Schottlan (ed.), The Welfare State (New York, Harper and Row, 1969), pp. 35-45; on the USA, see F. F. Piven and R. Cloward, Regulating the Poor (New York, Pantheon, 1971).
34. See, for example, P. Thane, Foundations of the Welfare State (London, Longman, 1982); A. Briggs, 'The Welfare State in Historical Perspective' (1961), reprinted in C. Schottlan (ed.), The Welfare State (New York, Harper and Row, 1969), pp. 35-45; on the USA, see F. F. Piven and R. Cloward, Regulating the Poor (New York, Pantheon, 1971).
35. R. Lowe, The Welfare State in Britain since 1945 (London, Macmillan, 1993); N. Timmins, The Five Giants: a Biography of the Welfare State (London, HarperCollins, 1995).
36. R. Lowe, The Welfare State in Britain since 1945 (London, Macmillan, 1993); N. Timmins, The Five Giants: a Biography of the Welfare State (London, HarperCollins, 1995).
37. J. Patterson, America's Struggle Against Poverty: 1990-1994 (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1995); M. Katz, In The Shadow of the Poorhouse (New York, Basic, 1986).
38. J. Patterson, America's Struggle Against Poverty: 1990-1994 (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1995); M. Katz, In The Shadow of the Poorhouse (New York, Basic, 1986).
39. J. Quadagno, The Color of Welfare (London, Oxford University Press, 1994).
40. Following the earlier example of H. Heclo, Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden: from Relief to Income Maintenance (London, Yale University Press, 1974); W. Mommsen, The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany (London, Croom Helm, 1981); P. Flora (ed.), Growth to Limits (Berlin, De Gruyter, 1986/87); D. E. Ashford, The Emergence of the Welfare States (Oxford, Blackwell, 1986).
41. Following the earlier example of H. Heclo, Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden: from Relief to Income Maintenance (London, Yale University Press, 1974); W. Mommsen, The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany (London, Croom Helm, 1981); P. Flora (ed.), Growth to Limits (Berlin, De Gruyter, 1986/87); D. E. Ashford, The Emergence of the Welfare States (Oxford, Blackwell, 1986).
42. Following the earlier example of H. Heclo, Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden: from Relief to Income Maintenance (London, Yale University Press, 1974); W. Mommsen, The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany (London, Croom Helm, 1981); P. Flora (ed.), Growth to Limits (Berlin, De Gruyter, 1986/87); D. E. Ashford, The Emergence of the Welfare States (Oxford, Blackwell, 1986).
43. Following the earlier example of H. Heclo, Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden: from Relief to Income Maintenance (London, Yale University Press, 1974); W. Mommsen, The Emergence of the Welfare State in Britain and Germany (London, Croom Helm, 1981); P. Flora (ed.), Growth to Limits (Berlin, De Gruyter, 1986/87); D. E. Ashford, The Emergence of the Welfare States (Oxford, Blackwell, 1986).
44. P. Baldwin, The Politics of Social Solidarity (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990).
45. As, for example, in W. Korpi, The Democratic Class Struggle (London, Routledge Kegan Paul, 1983).
46. M. Weir, A. S. Orloff and T. Skocpol, The Politics of Social Policy in the US (New Haven, Princeton University Press, 1988); T. Skocpol, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: the Political Origins of Social Policy in the US (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1992); T. Skocpol, Social Policy in the US (New Haven, Princeton University Press, 1995).
47. M. Weir, A. S. Orloff and T. Skocpol, The Politics of Social Policy in the US (New Haven, Princeton University Press, 1988); T. Skocpol, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: the Political Origins of Social Policy in the US (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1992); T. Skocpol, Social Policy in the US (New Haven, Princeton University Press, 1995).
48. M. Weir, A. S. Orloff and T. Skocpol, The Politics of Social Policy in the US (New Haven, Princeton University Press, 1988); T. Skocpol, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: the Political Origins of Social Policy in the US (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1992); T. Skocpol, Social Policy in the US (New Haven, Princeton University Press, 1995).
49. P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol, Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); Skocpol, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers, p. 41.
50. P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol, Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); Skocpol, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers, p. 41.
51. Skocpol, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers, p. 2.
52. A. S. Orloff, The Politics of Pensions: a Comparative Analysis of Britain, Canada, and the US, 1900s-1930s (Madison WI, University of Wisconsin Press, 1993).
53. L. Gordon, Pitied but not Entitled: Single Mothers and the History of Welfare (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1994), p. 287.
54. S. Pedersen, Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1993).
55. P. Pierson, Dismantling the Welfare State? (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994).
56. P. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London, Sage, 1990), p. 179; see also P. Cerny, 'Globalization and the changing logic of collective action', International Organization, 49, 4 (1995), 55-625.
57. P. Cerny, The Changing Architecture of Politics (London, Sage, 1990), p. 179; see also P. Cerny, 'Globalization and the changing logic of collective action', International Organization, 49, 4 (1995), 55-625.
58. Bob Jessop, 'The Schumpeterian Workfare State', in R. Burrows and B. Loader (eds), Towards a Post-Fordist Welfare State (London, Routledge, 1994), p. 24. The Schumpeterian Workfare State is certainly an interesting ideal type but, in its self-conscious contrast with the Keynesian Welfare State, it is even more narrowly focussed upon the formal economy and access to formal labour markets. It is perhaps more an account of changing labour market regimes than of changing welfare states.
59. Martin Jones, 'Full steam ahead to a workfare state?', Policy and Politics, 24, 2 (1996), 137-57.
60. From very different political perspectives, see L. Panitch, 'Globalisation and the state', in R. Miliband and L. Panitch (eds), Socialist Register, 30 (1994); P. Hirst and G. Thompson, Globalisation in Question: the International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance (Cambridge, Polity, 1996); F. Castles, 'On the credulity of capital', Australian Quarterly, 68, 2 (1996), 65-74.
61. From very different political perspectives, see L. Panitch, 'Globalisation and the state', in R. Miliband and L. Panitch (eds), Socialist Register, 30 (1994); P. Hirst and G. Thompson, Globalisation in Question: the International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance (Cambridge, Polity, 1996); F. Castles, 'On the credulity of capital', Australian Quarterly, 68, 2 (1996), 65-74.
62. From very different political perspectives, see L. Panitch, 'Globalisation and the state', in R. Miliband and L. Panitch (eds), Socialist Register, 30 (1994); P. Hirst and G. Thompson, Globalisation in Question: the International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance (Cambridge, Polity, 1996); F. Castles, 'On the credulity of capital', Australian Quarterly, 68, 2 (1996), 65-74.
63. Hirst and Thompson, Globalisation in Question, p. 6.
64. A. Martin, What Does Globalization Have to Do With the Erosion of Welfare Stales? Sorting Out the Issues (Bremen, Centre for Social Policy Research, 1997).
65. V. George and P. Taylor-Gooby (eds), European Welfare Policy: Squaring the Circle (London, Macmillan, 1996).
66. L. Hantrais, Social Policy in the European Union (London, Macmillan, 1995).
67. European Community (EC), Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers (Luxemburg, EC, 1989).
68. See S. Leibfried, 'Towards a European welfare state?', in C. Jones, New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe, pp. 133-56; S. Leibfried and P. Pierson, European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration (Washington DC, Brookings Institute, 1995); L. Cram, Policymaking in the EU (London, Routledge, 1997).
69. See S. Leibfried, 'Towards a European welfare state?', in C. Jones, New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe, pp. 133-56; S. Leibfried and P. Pierson, European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration (Washington DC, Brookings Institute, 1995); L. Cram, Policymaking in the EU (London, Routledge, 1997).
70. See S. Leibfried, 'Towards a European welfare state?', in C. Jones, New Perspectives on the Welfare State in Europe, pp. 133-56; S. Leibfried and P. Pierson, European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration (Washington DC, Brookings Institute, 1995); L. Cram, Policymaking in the EU (London, Routledge, 1997).
71. See W. Streeck, 'From Market Making to State Building? Reflections on the Political Economy of European Social Policy', in S. Leibfried and P. Pierson, European Social Policy, pp. 389-431.
72. Leibfried and Pierson, European Social Policy, p. 47.
73. Leibfried and Pierson, European Social Policy, p. 51.
74. See, for example, F. Field, Stakeholder Welfare (London, IEA, 1996); F. Field, How to Pay for the Future: Building a Stakeholders' Welfare (London, Institute of Community Studies, 1996); Commission on Social Justice, Social Justice.
75. See, for example, F. Field, Stakeholder Welfare (London, IEA, 1996); F. Field, How to Pay for the Future: Building a Stakeholders' Welfare (London, Institute of Community Studies, 1996); Commission on Social Justice, Social Justice.
76. See, for example, F. Field, Stakeholder Welfare (London, IEA, 1996); F. Field, How to Pay for the Future: Building a Stakeholders' Welfare (London, Institute of Community Studies, 1996); Commission on Social Justice, Social Justice.
77. See F. C. Pampel and J. B. Williamson, Age, Class, Politics, and the Welfare State (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992).
78. World Bank, Averting the Old Age Crisis, p. 1.
79. J. Hills, The Future of Welfare (London: LSE/Rowntree Trust, 1994), p. 14.
80. B. Waine, 'A crisis waiting to happen', Journal of Social Policy and Administration, 29 (1995).
81. For a critique of the World Bank approach, see R. Beattie and W. McGillivray, 'A risky strategy: reflections on the World Bank Report Averting the Old Age Crisis. International Social Social Review, 48, 3/4 (1995), 5-22.
82. See P. Baldwin, Beyond the Safety Net: the Future of Social Security (Canberra, Department of Social Security, 1995); P. Whiteford, 'Income distribution and social policy under a reformist government', Policy and Politics, 22, 4 (1994), 239-55; F. Castles and C. Pierson, 'A new convergence? Recent policy developments in the UK, Australia and New Zealand', Policy and Politics, 24, 3 (1996), 233-45; C. Pierson, 'Globalisation and the changing governance of welfare states: superannuation reform in Australia', Global Society, 12, 1 (1998).
83. See P. Baldwin, Beyond the Safety Net: the Future of Social Security (Canberra, Department of Social Security, 1995); P. Whiteford, 'Income distribution and social policy under a reformist government', Policy and Politics, 22, 4 (1994), 239-55; F. Castles and C. Pierson, 'A new convergence? Recent policy developments in the UK, Australia and New Zealand', Policy and Politics, 24, 3 (1996), 233-45; C. Pierson, 'Globalisation and the changing governance of welfare states: superannuation reform in Australia', Global Society, 12, 1 (1998).
84. See P. Baldwin, Beyond the Safety Net: the Future of Social Security (Canberra, Department of Social Security, 1995); P. Whiteford, 'Income distribution and social policy under a reformist government', Policy and Politics, 22, 4 (1994), 239-55; F. Castles and C. Pierson, 'A new convergence? Recent policy developments in the UK, Australia and New Zealand', Policy and Politics, 24, 3 (1996), 233-45; C. Pierson, 'Globalisation and the changing governance of welfare states: superannuation reform in Australia', Global Society, 12, 1 (1998).
85. See P. Baldwin, Beyond the Safety Net: the Future of Social Security (Canberra, Department of Social Security, 1995); P. Whiteford, 'Income distribution and social policy under a reformist government', Policy and Politics, 22, 4 (1994), 239-55; F. Castles and C. Pierson, 'A new convergence? Recent policy developments in the UK, Australia and New Zealand', Policy and Politics, 24, 3 (1996), 233-45; C. Pierson, 'Globalisation and the changing governance of welfare states: superannuation reform in Australia', Global Society, 12, 1 (1998).
86. See L. Fox Harding, Family, State and Social Policy (London, Macmillan, 1996).
87. N. Barry, 'Conservative thought and the welfare state'; C. Murray, Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950-1980 (New York, Basic, 1984).
88. N. Barry, 'Conservative thought and the welfare state'; C. Murray, Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950-1980 (New York, Basic, 1984).
89. F. Field, Stakeholder Welfare (London, IEA, 1996); F. Field, How to Pay for the Future: Building a Stakeholders' Welfare (London, Institute of Community Studies, 1996).
90. F. Field, Stakeholder Welfare (London, IEA, 1996); F. Field, How to Pay for the Future: Building a Stakeholders' Welfare (London, Institute of Community Studies, 1996).
91. R. Klein, The New Politics of the NHS, 3rd ed. (London, Longmans, 1995).
92. See, for example, C. Hood, 'A public management for all seasons?', Public Administration, 69 (1991), 3-19; Stewart and Walsh, 'Change in the management of public services', Public Administration, 70 (1992), 499-518; A. Denham, Think-Tanks of the New Right (Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1996).
93. See, for example, C. Hood, 'A public management for all seasons?', Public Administration, 69 (1991), 3-19; Stewart and Walsh, 'Change in the management of public services', Public Administration, 70 (1992), 499-518; A. Denham, Think-Tanks of the New Right (Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1996).
94. See, for example, C. Hood, 'A public management for all seasons?', Public Administration, 69 (1991), 3-19; Stewart and Walsh, 'Change in the management of public services', Public Administration, 70 (1992), 499-518; A. Denham, Think-Tanks of the New Right (Aldershot, Dartmouth, 1996).
95. J. Clarke and J. Newman, The Managerial State (London, Sage, 1997); S. Zifcak, New Managerialism (Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 1994); J. Le Grand and W. Bartlett, Quasi-Markets and Social Policy (London, MacMillan, 1993).
96. J. Clarke and J. Newman, The Managerial State (London, Sage, 1997); S. Zifcak, New Managerialism (Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 1994); J. Le Grand and W. Bartlett, Quasi-Markets and Social Policy (London, MacMillan, 1993).
97. J. Clarke and J. Newman, The Managerial State (London, Sage, 1997); S. Zifcak, New Managerialism (Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 1994); J. Le Grand and W. Bartlett, Quasi-Markets and Social Policy (London, MacMillan, 1993).
98. R. Klein, The New Politics of the NHS, 3rd ed. (London, Longmans, 1995); C. Ham (ed.), Health Care Reform (Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 1997); C. Pierson, 'The new governance of education: the conservatives and education 1988-98', Oxford Review of Education: Special Issue (1998); J. Lewis, P. Bernstock, V. Bovell and F. Wookey, 'The purchaser/provider split in social care. Is it working?', Social Policy and Administration, 30, 1 (1996), 1-19.
99. R. Klein, The New Politics of the NHS, 3rd ed. (London, Longmans, 1995); C. Ham (ed.), Health Care Reform (Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 1997); C. Pierson, 'The new governance of education: the conservatives and education 1988-98', Oxford Review of Education: Special Issue (1998); J. Lewis, P. Bernstock, V. Bovell and F. Wookey, 'The purchaser/provider split in social care. Is it working?', Social Policy and Administration, 30, 1 (1996), 1-19.
100. R. Klein, The New Politics of the NHS, 3rd ed. (London, Longmans, 1995); C. Ham (ed.), Health Care Reform (Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 1997); C. Pierson, 'The new governance of education: the conservatives and education 1988-98', Oxford Review of Education: Special Issue (1998); J. Lewis, P. Bernstock, V. Bovell and F. Wookey, 'The purchaser/provider split in social care. Is it working?', Social Policy and Administration, 30, 1 (1996), 1-19.
101. R. Klein, The New Politics of the NHS, 3rd ed. (London, Longmans, 1995); C. Ham (ed.), Health Care Reform (Milton Keynes, Open University Press, 1997); C. Pierson, 'The new governance of education: the conservatives and education 1988-98', Oxford Review of Education: Special Issue (1998); J. Lewis, P. Bernstock, V. Bovell and F. Wookey, 'The purchaser/provider split in social care. Is it working?', Social Policy and Administration, 30, 1 (1996), 1-19.
102. See A. Garnham and E. Knights, Putting the Treasury First, the Truth about Child Support (London, CPAG, 1994).
103. Conservative Party, The Best Future for Britain: The Conservative Manifesto: 1992 (London, Conservative Central Office, 1992); M. Connolly, P. McKeown and G. Milligan-Byrne, 'Making the public sector more user friendly? A critical examination of the citizen's charter', Parliamentary Affairs, 47, 1 (1994).
104. Conservative Party, The Best Future for Britain: The Conservative Manifesto: 1992 (London, Conservative Central Office, 1992); M. Connolly, P. McKeown and G. Milligan-Byrne, 'Making the public sector more user friendly? A critical examination of the citizen's charter', Parliamentary Affairs, 47, 1 (1994).
105. Labour Party Manifesto (Labour Party, London, 1997).
106. K. Baker, The Turbulent Years (London, Faber and Faber, 1993).
107. M. Pusey, Economic Rationalism in Canberra: a Nation Building State Changes its Mind (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); J. Kelsey, The New Zealand Experiment (Auckland, Auckland University Press).
108. M. Pusey, Economic Rationalism in Canberra: a Nation Building State Changes its Mind (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991); J. Kelsey, The New Zealand Experiment (Auckland, Auckland University Press).
109. F. Castles, The Working Class and Welfare (Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 1985); F. Castles and C. Pierson, 'A new convergence?', pp. 233-45.
110. F. Castles, The Working Class and Welfare (Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 1985); F. Castles and C. Pierson, 'A new convergence?', pp. 233-45.
111. R. F. Henderson, A. Harcourt and R. J. A. Harper, People in Poverty: a Melbourne Survey (Melbourne, Cheshire, 1970); F. Castles, 'The wage earners' welfare state revisited: refurbishing the established model of Australian social protection, 1983-93', Australian Journal of Social Issues, 29, 2 (1994), 120-45.
112. R. F. Henderson, A. Harcourt and R. J. A. Harper, People in Poverty: a Melbourne Survey (Melbourne, Cheshire, 1970); F. Castles, 'The wage earners' welfare state revisited: refurbishing the established model of Australian social protection, 1983-93', Australian Journal of Social Issues, 29, 2 (1994), 120-45.
113. D. Mitchell, A. Harding and F. Gruen, Targeting Welfare: A Survey (Canberra, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Australian National University, 1994).
114. F. Castles, 'The wage earners' welfare state revisited'; P. Whiteford, 'Income distribution and social policy under a reformist government'.
115. F. Castles, 'The wage earners' welfare state revisited'; P. Whiteford, 'Income distribution and social policy under a reformist government'.
116. Commission for Social Justice, Social Justice; P. Beilharz, M. Considine and R. Watts, Arguing about the Welfare State: the Australian Experience (Sydney, Allen and Unwin, 1992).