Cancer risks from medical radiation

Health Physics

Volumn 85, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 47-59

  Ron, Elaine ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Health effects; Medical radiation; NCRP

Indexed keywords

BREAST CANCER; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RISK; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; CONFERENCE PAPER; FLUOROSCOPY; HUMAN; LEUKEMIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION EXPOSURE; RADIODIAGNOSIS; SALIVARY GLAND CANCER; SCOLIOSIS; SKIN CANCER; THYROID CANCER; TINEA CAPITIS; TUBERCULOSIS; X RAY;

HUMANS; NEOPLASMS, RADIATION-INDUCED; RADIATION DOSAGE; RADIOGRAPHY; RADIOMETRY; RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS; RADIOTHERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY DOSAGE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS;

TINEA;

EID: 0038119764     PISSN: 00179078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200307000-00011     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (95)

1. Bhatia S, Sklar C. Second cancers in survivors of childhood cancer. Nature Rev 2:124-132; 2002.
2. Bhatia S, Robison LL, Oberlin O, Greenberg M, Bunin G, Fossati-Bellani F, Meadows AT. Breast cancer and other second neoplasms after childhood Hodgkin's disease. N Eng J Med 334:745-751; 1996.
3. Boice JD Jr, Blettner M, Kleinerman RA, Stovall M, Moloney WC, Engholm G, Austin DF, Bosch A, Cookfair DL, Krementz ET, et al. Radiation dose and leukemia risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. J Natl Cancer Inst 79:1295-1311; 1987.
4. Boice JD Jr, Engholm G, Kleinerman RA, Blettner M, Stovall M, Lisco H, Moloney WC, Austin DF, Bosch A, Cookfair DL, Krementz ET, Latourette HB, Merrill JA, Peters LJ, Schultz MD, Storm HH, Bjorkholm E, Pettersson F, Bell CMJ, Coleman MP, Fraser P, Neal FE, Prior P, Choi NW, Hislop TG, Koch M, Kreiger N, Robb D, Robson D, Thompson DH, Lochmuller H, von Fournier D, Frischkorn R, Khorstad KE, Rimpela A, Pejovic M-H, Pompe Kirn V, Stankusova H, Berrino F, Sigurdsson K, Hutchison GB, MacMahon B. Radiation dose and second cancer risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. Radiat Res 116:355; 1988.
5. Boice JD Jr, Blettner M, Kleinerman RA, Engholm G, Stovall M, Lisco H, Austin DF, Bosch A, Harlan L, Krementz ET, et al. Radiation dose and breast cancer risk in patients treated for cancer of the cervix. Int J Cancer 44:7-16; 1989.
6. Boice JD Jr, Preston DL, Davis FG, Monson RR. Frequent chest x-ray fluoroscopy and breast cancer incidence among tuberculosis patients in Massachusetts. Radiat Res 125:214-222; 1991a.
7. Boice JD Jr, Morin MM, Glass AG, Friedman GD, Stovall M, Hoover RN, Fraumeni JF Jr. Diagnostic x-ray procedures and risk of leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma. J Am Med Assoc 265:1290-1294; 1991b.
8. Boice JD Jr, Harvey EB, Blettner M, Stovall M, Flannery JT. Cancer in the contralateral breast after radiotherapy for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 326:781-785; 1992.
9. Boice JD Jr, Miller RW. Childhood and adult cancer after intrauterine exposure to ionizing radiation. Teratology 59:227-233; 1999.
10. Boivin JF, Hutchison GB, Zauber AG, Bernstein L, Davis FG, Michel RP, Zanke B, Tan CT, Fuller LM, Mauch P, et al. Incidence of second cancers in patients treated for Hodgkin's disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 87:732-741; 1995.
11. Brenner DJ, Elliston CD, Hall EJ, Berdon W. Estimated risks of radiation-induced fatal cancer from pediatric CT. Am J Roentgenol 176:289-296; 2001.
12. Carr ZA, Kleinerman RA, Stovall M, Weinstock RM, Griem ML, Land CE. Malignant neoplasms after radiation therapy for peptic ulcer. Radiat Res 157:668-677; 2002.
13. Clemons M, Loijens L, Goss O. Breast cancer risk following irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. Cancer Treat Rev 26:291-302; 2000.
14. Curtis RE, Boice JD Jr, Stovall M, Bernstein L, Greenburg RS, Flannery JT, Schwarts AG, Weyer P, Moloney WC, Hoover RN. Risk of leukemia after chemotherapy and radiation treatment for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 326:1745-1751; 1992.
15. Damber L, Johansson L, Johansson R, Larsson LG. Thyroid cancer after x-ray treatment of benign disorders of the cervical spine in adults. Acta Oncologica 41:25-28; 2001.
16. Davis FG, Boice JD Jr, Hrubec Z, Monson RR. Cancer mortality in a radiation-exposed cohort of Massachusetts tuberculosis patients. Cancer Res 49:6130-6136; 1989.
17. DeGroot L, Reilly M, Pinnameneni K, Refetoff S. Retrospective and prospective study of radiation-induced thyroid disease. Am J Med 74:852-862; 1983.
18. Doll R, Wakeford R. Risk of childhood cancer from fetal irradiation. Br J Radiol 70:130-139; 1997.
19. Donnelly LF, Emery KH, Brody AS, Laor T, Gylys-Morin VM, Anton CG, Thomas SR, Frush DP. Minimizing radiation dose for pediatric body applications of single-detector helical CT: strategies at a large Children's Hospital. Am J Roentgenol 176:303-306; 2001.
20. Doody MM, Lonstein JE, Stovall M, Hacker DG, Luckyanov N, Land CE. Breast cancer mortality following diagnostic x-rays: findings from the U. S. Scoliosis Cohort Study. Spine 25:2052-2063; 2000.
21. Dores G, Metayer C, Curtis RE, Lynch CF, Clarke EA, Glimelius B, Storm H, Pukkala E, van Leeuwen FE, Holowaty EJ, Andersson M, Wiklund T, Joensuu T, vant Veer MB, Stovall M, Gospodarowicz M, Travis LB. Second malignant neoplasms among long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease: a population-based evaluation of 32,591 patients over 25 years. J Clin Oncol 20:3484-3494; 2002.
22. dos Santos Silva I, Jones M, Malveiro F, Swerdlow A. Mortality in the Portuguese Thorotrast study. Radiat Res 152:S88-S92; 1999.
23. Franklyn JA, Maisonneuve P, Sheppard MC, Betteridge J, Boyle P. Mortality after the treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine. N Engl J Med 338:712-718; 1998.
24. Franklyn JA, Maisonneuve P, Sheppard M, Betteridge J, Boyle P. Cancer incidence and mortality after radiologine treatment for hyperthyroidism: a population-based cohort study. Lancet 353:2111-2115; 1999.
25. Hahn K, Schnell-Inderst P, Grosche B, Holm LE. Thyroid cancer after diagnostic administration of iodine-131 in childhood. Radiat Res 156:61-70; 2001.
26. Hall EJ. Radiobiology for the radiologist. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.
27. Hall P, Berg G, Bjelkengren G, Boice JD Jr, Ericsson UB, Hallquist A, Lidberg M, Lundell G, Tennvall J, Wiklund K, Holm L-E. Cancer mortality after iodine-131 therapy for hyperthyroidism. Int J Cancer 50:886-890; 1992.
28. Hall P, Mattsson A, Boice JD Jr. Thyroid cancer after diagnostic administration of iodine-131. Radiat Res 145:86-92; 1996.
29. Hallquist A, Nasman A. Medical diagnostic x-ray radiation - an evaluation from medical records and dentist cards in a case-control study of thyroid cancer in the northern medical region of Sweden. Eur J Cancer Prev 10:147-152; 2001.
30. Hancock SL, Tucker MA, Hoppe RT. Breast cancer after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 85:25-31; 1993.
31. Hanford JM, Quimby E, Frantz V. Cancer arising many years after radiation therapy. J Am Med Assoc 181:132-138; 1962.
32. Hawkins MM, Wilson LMK, Burton HS, Potok MHN, Winter DL, Marsden HB, Stovall MA. Radiotherapy, alkylating agents, and risk of bone cancer after childhood cancer. J Nat Cancer Inst 88:270-278; 1996.
33. Henrichs KL, Bogner L, Nekolla E, Nosske D, Roedler-Vogelsang T. Extended dosimetry for studies with Ra-224 patients. In: van Kaick G, Karaoglou A, Kellerer AM, eds. Health effects of internally deposited radionuclides: emphasis on radium and thorium. Singapore: World Scientific; 1995:33-38.
34. Holm LE, Wiklund KE, Lundell GE, Bergman NA, Bjelkengren G, Ericsson UB, Cederquist ES, Lidberg ME, Lindberg RS, Wicklung HV, et al. Cancer risk in population examined with diagnostic doses of 131I. J Natl Cancer Inst 81:302-306; 1989.
35. Holm LE, Hall P, Wiklund K, Lundell G, Berg G, Bjelkengren G, Cederquist E, Ericsson UB, Hallquist A, Larsson L-G, Lidberg M, Lindberg S, Tennvall J, Wicklund H, Boice JD Jr. Cancer risk after iodine-131 therapy for hyperthyroidism. J Natl Cancer Inst 83:1072-1077; 1991.
36. Howe GR. Lung cancer mortality between 1950 and 1987 after exposure to fractionated moderate-dose-rate ionizing radiation in the Canadian fluoroscopy cohort study and a comparison with lung cancer mortality in the atomic bomb survivors study. Radiat Res 142:295-305; 1995.
37. Howe GR, McLaughlin J. Breast cancer mortality between 1950 and 1987 after exposure to fractionated moderatedose-rate ionizing radiation in the Canadian fluoroscopy cohort study and a comparison with breast cancer mortality in the atomic-bomb survivors study. Radiat Res 145:694-707; 1996.
38. Infante-Rivard C, Jacques L. Empirical study of parental recall bias. Am J Epidemiol 152:480-486; 2000.
39. Infante-Rivard C, Mathonnet G, Sinnett D. Risk of childhood leukemia associated with diagnostic irradiation and polymorphisms in DNA repair genes. Environ Health Perspect 108:495-498; 2000.
40. Inskip PD. Second cancers following radiotherapy. In: Neugut Al, Meadows AT, Robinson E, eds. Multiple primary cancers. Philadelphia PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999:91-135.
41. Inskip PD, Ekbom A, Galanti MR, Grimelius L, Boice JD Jr. Medical diagnostic x rays and thyroid cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 87:1613-1621; 1995.
42. Jemal A, Thomas A, Murray T, Thun M. Cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 52:23-47; 2002.
43. Kaldor JM, Day NE, Clarke EA, van Leeuwen FE, HenryAmar M, Fiorentino MV, Bell J, Pedersen D, Band P, Assouline D, et al. Leukemia following Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med 322:7-13; 1990.
44. Knox EH, Stewart AM, Kneale GW, Gilman EA. Prenatal irradiation and childhood cancer. J Soc Radiol Prot 7:177-189; 1987.
45. Lindberg S, Karlsson P, Arvidsson B, Holmberg E, Lunberg LM, Wallgren A. Cancer incidence after radiotherapy for skin haemangioma during infancy. Acta Oncol 34:735-740; 1995.
46. Little MP. Cancer after exposure to radiation in the course of treatment for benign and malignant disease. Lancet Oncol 2:212-220; 2001.
47. Little MP. Comparison of the risks of cancer incidence and mortality following radiation therapy for benign and malignant disease with the cancer risks observed in the Japanese a-bomb survivors. Int J Radiat Biol 78:145-163; 2002.
48. Little MP, Boice JD Jr. Comparison of breast cancer incidence in the Massachusetts fluoroscopy cohort and in the Japanese atomic bomb survivors. Radiat Res 151:218-224; 1999.
49. Little MP, de Vathaire F, Shamsaldin A, Oberlin O, Campbell S, Grimaud E, Chavaudra J, Haylock RG, Muirhead CR. Risks of brain tumour following treatment for cancer in childhood: modification by genetic factors, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Int J Cancer 78:269-275; 1998.
50. Lundell M, Hakulinen T, Holm L-E. Thyroid cancer after radiotherapy for skin hemangioma in infancy. Radiat Res 140:334-339; 1994.
51. Maxon HR, Saenger EL, Thomas SR, Buncher CR, Kereiakes JG, Shafer ML, McLaughlin CA. Clinically important radiation-associated thyroid disease. A controlled study. J Am Med Assoc 244:1802-1805; 1980.
52. Meinert R, Kaletsch U, Kaatsch P, Schuz J, Michaelis J. Associations between childhood cancer and ionizing radiation: results of a population-based case-control study in Germany. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 8:793-799; 1999.
53. Mettler FA Jr, Briggs JE, Carchman R, Altobelli KK, Hart BL, Kelsey CA. Use of radiology in U.S. general short-term hospitals: 1980-1990. Radiol 189:377-380; 1993.
54. Mori T, Kido C, Fukutomi K, Kato Y, Hatakeyama S, Machinami R, Ishikawa Y, Kumatori T, Sasaki F, Hiroto Y, Kiyosawa K, Hayashi S, Tanooka H, Sobue T. Summary of entire Japanese Thorotrast follow-up study: updated 1998. Radiat Res 152:S84-S87; 1999.
55. Naumburg E, Bellocco R, Cnattingius S, Hall P, Boice JD Jr, Ekbom A. Intrauterine exposure to diagnostic x rays and risk of childhood leukemia subtypes. Radiat Res 156:718-725; 2001.
56. Nekolla E, Kellerer AM, Kuse-Isingschulte M, Eder E, Spiess H. Malignancies in patients treated with high doses of radium-224. Radiat Res 152:S3-S7; 1999.
57. Nekolla EA, Kreisheimer M, Kellerer AM, Kuse-Isingschulte M, Gossner W, Spiess H. Induction of malignant bone tumours in radium-224 patients: risk estimates based on the improved dosimetry. Radiat Res 153:93-103; 2000.
58. Nyberg U, Nilsson B, Travis LB, Holm L-E, Hall P. Cancer incidence among Sweden patients exposed to radioactive Thorotrast: a forty-year follow-up survey. Radiat Res 157:419-425; 2002.
59. Pierce DA, Shimizu Y, Preston DL, Vaeth M, Mabuchi K. Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. Report 12, Part 1. Cancer: 1950-1990. Radiat Res 146:1-27; 1996.
60. Platz EA, Wiencke JK, Kelsy KT, Janower ML, Schottenfeld D, Travis L, Goldman MB. Chromosomal aberrations and HPRT mutant frequencies in long-term American Thorotrast survivors. Int J Radiat Biol 76:955-961; 2000.
61. Pottem LM, Kaplan M, Larsen P, Silva JE, Koenig RJ, Lubin JH, Stovall M, Boice JD Jr. Thyroid nodularity after childhood irradiation for lymphoid hyperplasia: a comparison of questionnaire and clinical findings. J Clin Epidemiol 43:449-460; 1990.
62. Preston-Martin S, Bernstein L, Maldonado AA, Henderson BE, White SC. A dental x-ray validation study. Am J Epidemiol 121:430-439; 1985.
63. Preston-Martin S, Thomas DC, White SC, Cohen D. Prior exposure to medical and dental x-ray related to tumors of the parotid gland. J Natl Cancer Inst 80:943-949; 1988.
64. Preston-Martin S, Thomas DC, Yu MC, Henderson BE. Diagnostic radiography as a risk factor for chronic myeloid and monocytic leukaemia (CML). Br J Cancer 59:639-644; 1989.
65. Ron E, Modan B, Preston DL, Alfandary E, Stovall M, Boice JD Jr. Thyroid neoplasia following low-dose radiation in childhood. Radiat Res 120:516-531; 1989.
66. Ron E, Modan B, Preston D, Alfandary E, Stovall M, Boice JD Jr. Radiation-induced skin carcinomas of the head and neck. Radiat Res 125:318-325; 1991.
67. Ron E, Lubin JH, Shore RE, Mabuchi K, Modan B, Pottem LM, Schneider AB, Tucker MA, Boice JD Jr. Thyroid cancer after exposure to external radiation: a pooled analysis of seven studies. Radiat Res 141:259-277; 1995.
68. Ron E, Preston DL, Kishikawa M, Kobue T, Iseki M, Tokuoka S, Tokunaga M, Mabuchi K. Skin tumor risk among atomic bomb survivors. Cancer Causes Control 9:393-401; 1998a.
69. Ron E, Doody MM, Becker D, Brill AB, Curtis RE, Goldman MB, Harris B, Hoffman DA, Maxon H, McConahey W, Preston-Martin S, Warshauer E, Wong FL, Boice JD Jr. Cancer mortality following treatment for hyperthyroidism. JAMA 280:347-355; 1998b.
70. Schneider AB, Ron E. Radiation and thyroid cancer: lessons from a half century of study. In: Braverman LE, ed. Diseases of the thyroid. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2003.
71. Schneider AB, Ron E, Lubin J, Stovall M, Gierlowski TC. Dose-response relationships for radiation-induced thyroid cancer and thyroid nodules: evidence for the prolonged effects of radiation on the thyroid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77:362-364; 1993.
72. Sherman GJ, Howe GR, Miller AB, Rosenstein M. Organ dose per unit exposure resulting from fluoroscopy for artificial pneumothorax. Health Phys 35:259-269; 1978.
73. Shore RE. Issues and epidemiological evidence regarding radiation-induced thyroid cancer. Radiat Res 131:98-111; 1992.
74. Shore RE, Hildreth N, Dvoretsky P, Andresen E, Moseson M, Pastemack B. Thyroid cancer among persons given x-ray treatment in infancy for an enlarged thymus gland. Am J Epidemiol 137:1068-1080; 1993.
75. Shore RE, Moseson M, Xue X, Tse Y, Harley N, Pastemack BS. Skin cancer after x-ray treatment for scalp ringworm. Radiat Res 157:410-418; 2002.
76. Shu XO, Jin F, Linet MS, Zheng W, Clemens J, Mills J, Gao YT. Diagnostic x-ray and ultrasound exposure and risk of childhood cancer. Br J Cancer 70:531-536; 1994.
77. Shu XO, Potter JD, Linet MS, Severson RK, Han D, Kersey JH, Neglia JP, Trigg ME, Robison LL. Diagnostic x-rays and ultrasound exposure and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia by immunophenotype. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:177-185; 2002.
78. Slovis TL, ed. Conference on the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) concept in pediatric CT intelligent dose reduction. Pediat Radiol 32:217-317; 2002.
79. Spiess H. The Ra-224 study: past, present and future. In: van Kaick G, Karaoglou A, Kellerer AM, eds. Health effects of internally deposited radionuclides: emphasis on radium and thorium. Singapore: World Scientific; 1995:157-163.
80. Stewart A, Webb J, Giles D, Hewitt D. Malignant disease in childhood and diagnostic irradiation in utero. Lancet 2:447; 1956.
81. Storm HH, Andersson M, Boice JD Jr, Blettner M, Stovall M, Mouridsen HT, Dombemowsky P, Rose C, Jacobsen A, Pedersen M. Adjuvant radiotherapy and risk of contralateral breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 84:1245-1250; 1992.
82. Thompson DE, Mabuchi K, Ron E, Soda M, Tokunaga M, Ochikubo S, Sugimoto S, Ikeda T, Terasaki M, Izumi S, et al. Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part II. Solid tumours, 1958-87. Radiat Res 137:S17-S67; 1994.
83. Travis LB, Curtis RE, Hankey BF. Second malignancies after testicular cancer. J Clin Oncol 13:533-534; 1995.
84. Travis LB, Andersson M, Gospodarowicz M, van Leeuwen FE, Bergfeldt K, Lynch CF, Curtis RE, Kohler BA, Wiklund T, Storm H, Holowaty E, Hall P, Pukkala E, Sleijfer DT, Clarke EA, Boice JD Jr, Stovall M, Gilbert E. Treatment-associated leukemia following testicular cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:1165-1171; 2000.
85. Travis LB, Land CE, Andersson M, Byberg U, Goldman MB, Gaul LK, Berger E, Storm HH, Hall P, Auvinen A, Janower ML, Holm LE, Monson RR, Schottenfeld D, Boice JD Jr. Mortality after cerebral angiography with or without radioactive Thorotrast: an international cohort of 3,143 two-year survivors. Radiat Res 156:136-150; 2001.
86. Travis LB, Gospodarowicz M, Curtis RE, Clarke EA, Andersson M, Glimelius B, Joensuu T, Lynch CF, van Leeuwen FE, Holowaty E, Storm H, Glimelius I, Pukkala E, Stovall M, Fraumeni JF Jr, Boice JD Jr, Gilbert E. Lung cancer following chemotherapy and radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease. J Natl Cancer Inst 94:182-192; 2002.
87. Tucker MA, Meadows AT, Boice JD Jr, Stovall M, Oberlin O, Stone BJ, Birch J, Voute PA, Hoover RN, Fraumeni JF Jr. Leukemia after therapy with alkylating agents for childhood cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 78:459-464; 1987.
88. Tucker MA, Morris Jones PH, Boice JD Jr, Robison LL, Stone BJ, Stovall M, Jenkin RD, Lubin JH, Baum ES, Siegel SE, et al. Therapeutic radiation at a young age is linked to secondary thyroid cancer. Cancer Res 51:2885-2888; 1991.
89. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources and effects of atomic radiation. Ionizing radiation. New York: United Nations; Sales publication E.94.IX. 11; 1994.
90. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources and effects of atomic radiation. Ionizing radiation. New York: United Nations; Sales publication E. 00. IX4; 2000.
91. van Kaick G, Dalheimer A, Hornik S, Kaul A, Liebermann D, Luhrs H, Spiethoff A, Wegener K, Wesch H. The German Thorotrast study: recent results and assessment of risks. Radiat Res 152:S64-S71; 1999.
92. van Leeuwen FE, Travis LB. Second cancers. In: Devita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Cancer: principles and practice of oncology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001:2939-2964.
93. Wick RR, Chmelevsky D, Gossner W. Current status of the follow-up of radium-224 treated ankylosing spondylitis patients. In: van Kaick G, Karaoglou A, Kellerer AM, eds. Health effects of internally deposited radionuclides: emphasis on radium and thorium. Singapore: World Scientific; 1995:165-169.
94. Wick RR, Nekolla EA, Gossner W, Kellerer AM. Late effects in anklylosing spondylitis patients treated with 224Ra. Radiat Res 152:S8-S11; 1999.
95. Wong FL, Boice JD Jr, Abramson DH, Tarone RE, Kleinerman RA, Stovall M, Goldman MB, Seddon JM, Tarbell N, Fraumeni JF Jr, Li FP. Cancer incidence after retinoblastoma. Radiation dose and sarcoma risk. J Am Med Assoc 278:1262-1267; 1997.