Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the negative chemical ionization mode with different reagent gases

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

Volumn 21, Issue 6, 2002, Pages 373-387

  Chernetsova, Elena S ^a   Revelsky, Alexander I ^a   Revelsky, Igor A ^a   Mikhasenko, Ilya A ^a   Sobolevsky, Tim G ^a  

^a MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

GC MS; Negative chemical ionization; PCBs; PCDDs; PCDFs; Reagent gas; Selectivity; Sensitivity

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; GASES; HELIUM; IONIZATION; IONS; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULES; POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS;

ION MOLECULE REACTIONS; NEGATIVE CHEMICAL IONIZATION; ORGANOCHLORINE POLLUTANTS; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; REAGENT GASES;

CHLORINE COMPOUNDS;

2,3,7,8 TETRACHLORODIBENZO PARA DIOXIN; BENZOFURAN DERIVATIVE; BIPHENYL DERIVATIVE; DIBENZOFURAN; DRUG DERIVATIVE; POLYCHLORODIBENZO 4 DIOXIN; POLYCHLORODIBENZO-4-DIOXIN;

ANIMAL; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; GAS; MASS FRAGMENTOGRAPHY; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

ANIMALS; BENZOFURANS; BIPHENYL COMPOUNDS; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; GASES; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TETRACHLORODIBENZODIOXIN;

EID: 0038103655     PISSN: 02777037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mas.10037     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Afghan BK, Carron J, Goulden PD, Lawrence J, Legar D, Onuska, F, Sherry J, Wilkinson R. 1987. Recent advances in ultratrace analysis of dioxins and related halogenated hydrocarbons. Can J Chem 65:1086-1097.
2. Bagheri H, Leonards PEG, Ghijsen RT, Brinkman UATh. 1993. Gas chromatography-Negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the determination and identification of planar polychlorinated biphenyls in biological samples. Intern J Environ Anal Chem 50:257-268.
3. Barcelo D. 1992. Mass spectrometry in environmental organic analysis. Anal Chim Acta 263:1-19.
4. Chaler R, Vilanova R, Santiago-Silva M, Fernandez P, Grimalt JO. 1998. Enhanced sensitivity in the analysis of trace organochlorine compounds by negative-ion mass spectrometry with ammonia as reagent gas. J Chromatogr A 823:73-79.
5. Chiu C, Thomas RS, Lao RC. 1986. Chromatographic separation and identification of PCDD/PCDF isomers by CI and EI mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 16:1625-1630.
6. Clement RE. 1991. Ultratrace dioxin and dibenzofurans analysis: 30 years of advances. Anal Chem 63:1130A-1137A.
7. Clement RE, Tosine HM. 1988. Determination of chlorodibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. Mass Spectrom Rev 7:593-636.
8. Crow FW, Bjorseth A, Knapp JP, Bennett R. 1981. Determination of polyhalogenated hydrocarbons by glass capillary gas chromatography-Negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 53:619-625.
9. Czuczwa JM, Hites RA. 1984. Environmental fate of combustion-generated PCDDs and PCDFs. Envir Sci Technol 18:444-450.
10. Daishima Sh, Iida Y. Kanda F. 1989. The ion formation and the detection limits in negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of some halogenated compounds. J Trace Microprobe Tech 7:87-102.
11. Dougherty RC. 1981. Negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 53:625A-636A.
12. Dyke PH, Stratford J. 2002. Changes to the TEF schemes can have significant impacts on regulation and management of PCDD/F and PCB. Chemosphere 47:103-116.
13. Dzidic I, Carroll DI, Stillwell RN, Horning EC. 1975. Atmospheric pressure ionization (API) mass spectrometry: Formation of phenoxide ions from chlorinated aromatic compounds. Anal Chem 47:1308-1312.
14. Erhardt-Zabic S, Watson JT, Zabik MJ. 1990. Selective sensitivity of highly chlorinated species in negative ion mass spectrometry: Implications for complex mixture analyses. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 19:101-108.
15. Ferrario J, Byrne C, Lorber M, Saunders P, Leese W, Dupuy A, Winters D, Cleverly D, Schaum J, Pinsky P, Deyrup C, Ellis R, Walcott J. 1997. A statistical survey of dioxin-like compounds in United States poultry fat. Organohal Comp 32:245-251.
16. Fung D, Boyd RK, Safe S, Chittim BG. 1985. Gas-chromatographic/mass-spectrometric analysis of specific isomers of polychlorodibenzofurans. Biomed Envir Mass Spectrom 12:247-253.
17. Hargesheimer EE. 1984. Rapid determination of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls [in river water] using selected-ion monitoring mass spectrometry. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 67:1067-1075.
18. Harrison AG. 1992. Chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 224 p.
19. Hass JR, Friesen MD, Hoffman MK. 1979. The mass spectrometry of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Org Mass Spectrom 14:9-16.
20. Hass JR, Friesen MD, Hoffman MK. 1981. Environmental health chemistry. In: McKinney JD, editor. Ann Arbor, MI: Ann Arbor Science. p 205-240.
21. Hunt DF, Harvey TM, Russell JW. 1975. Oxygen as a reagent gas for the analysis of 2,3,7,8-TCDD by negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. JCS Chem Comm 5:151-152.
22. Hunt DF, McEven CN, Harvey TM. 1975. Positive and negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry using a Townsend discharge ion source. Anal Chem 41:1730-1734.
23. Hutzinger O, Frie RW, Merian E, Pocchari F. 1982. Chlorinated dioxins and related compounds: Impact on the environment. Pergamon Series on Environmental Science, Volume 5, Oxford: Pergamon Press, 658 p.
24. Karasek FV, Hutzinger O, Safe S. 1987. Mass spectrometry in environmental sciences. In: Karasek FV, editor, NY: Plenum press. p 257-298.
25. Karasek FV, Clement RE. 1987. Basic gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry principles & techniques. NY: Elsevier Science. 202 p.
26. Koester CJ, Harless RL, Hites RA. 1992. Comparative analysis of dioxins and furans in ambient air by high resolution and electron capture mass spectrometry. Chemosphere 24:421-426.
27. Korfmacher WA. Mitchum RK. 1984. Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins. Org Mass Spectrom 19:299-305.
28. Korfmacher WA, Moler GF, Delongchamp RR, Mitchum RK, Harless RL. 1984 Validation study for the gas-chromatographic - Atmospheric-pressure-ionization mass-spectrometric method for isomer-specific determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Chemosphere 13:669-685.
29. Kuehl DW, Dougherty RC. 1980. Screening of human and food chain samples for contamination with toxic substances using negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Adv Mass Spectron 8B:1451-1459.
30. Laramee JA, Arbogast BC, Deinzer ML. 1986. Electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of 1,2,3,4-TCDD. Anal Chem 58:2907-2912.
31. Laramee JA, Arbogast BC, Deinzer ML. 1988. The mass spectrometry of polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins: Correlations between observed fragmentations and calculated total internal energies. Anal Chem 60:1937-1943.
32. Lewis E, Jamieson WD. 1983. Use of negative chemical ionization GC/MS to study polychlorinated biphenyls in marine sediments. Int J Mass Spectrom Ion Phys 48:303-306.
33. Lorber M, Saunders P, Ferrario J, Leese W, Winters D, Cleverly D, Schaum J, Pinsky P, Deyrup C, Ellis R, Dupuy A, J Byrne C, McDaniel D. 1997. A statistical survey of dioxin-like compounds in United States pork fat. Organohal Comp 32:238-244.
34. Ma CY, Bayne CK. 1993. Differentiation of Aroclors using linear discrimination for environmental samples analyzed by electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 65:772-777.
35. Miles WF, Gurprasad NP, Malis GP. 1985. Isomer-specific determination of hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins by oxygen negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 57:1133-1138.
36. Mitchum RK, Moler GF, Korfmacher WA. 1980. Combined capillary gas chromatography/ atmospheric pressure negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in tissue. Anal Chem 52:2278-2282.
37. Mitchum RK, Korfmacher WA, Moler GF, Stalling DL. 1982. Capillary gas chromatography-Atmospheric-pressure negative chemical-ionization mass spectrometry of the 22 isomeric tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins. Anal Chem 54:719-722.
38. Mitroshkov AV, Revelsky IA, Sarkisyan AI, Kostyanovskii RG. 1995. Highly sensitive and selective determination of chlorodibenzodioxins using low-resolution mass spectrometry and chemical ionization. J Anal Chem 50:165-170.
39. Oehme M. 1994. Quantification of fg-pg amounts by electron capture negative ion mass spectrometer-parameter optimization and practical advices. Fresenius J Anal Chem 350:544-554.
40. Oehme M, Manoe S, Stray H. 1983. Selective detection of polyaromatic and polychlorinated isomers in aerosol extracts by capillary gas chromatography combined with negative-ion detection. J Chromatogr 279:649-655.
41. Oehme M, Manoe S, Thomas W. 1985. Quantitative determination of sub-ppb traces of polychlorinated compounds and pesticides in mass samples. Fresen Z Anal Chem 321:655-659.
42. Oehme M, Kirschmer P. 1984. Isomer-selective determination of tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins using hydroxyl negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry combined with high-resolution gas chromatography. Anal Chem 56:2754-2759.
43. Oehme M, Manoe S, Mikalsen A, Kirschmer P. 1986. Quantitative method for the determination of femtogram amounts of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in outdoor air. Chemosphere 15:607-617.
44. Oehme M, Manoe S, Brevic EM, Knutzen J. 1989. Determination of polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) and dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) levels and isomer patterns in fish, crustacea, mussel, and sediment samples from a fjord region polluted by magnesium production. Fresenius Z Anal Chem 335: 987-997.
45. Ong VS, Hites RA. 1994. Electron capture mass spectrometry of organic environmental contaminants. Mass Spectrom Rev 13:259-283.
46. Rappe C, Buser H-R, Stalling DL, Smith LM, Dougherty RC. 1981. Identification of PCDFs in environmental samples. Nature (Lond) 292:524-526.
47. Rappe C, Nygren M, Lindstrom G, Buser HR, Blaser O, Wuthrich C. 1987. Polychlorodibenzofurans and dibenzo-dioxins and other chlorinated contaminants in cow milk from various locations in Switzerland. Environ Sci Technol 21:964-970.
48. Revelsky IA, Yashin YuS, Zhukhovitsky AA, Kostyanovsky RG, Kurochkin VK. 1992. Determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin in water using GC/MS combined with chromadistillation. Zavod Lab 58:13-15.
49. Revelsky AI, Yashin YuS, Mitroshkov AV, Larionov OG, Revelsky IA. 1997. Rapid screening of the samples of aqueous and organic solutions for polychlorodibenzodioxins (PCDD) in the presence of cloro-organic pesticides and polychlorobiphenyls in trace concentration. Zavod Lab 63:3-7.
50. Roos AH, Kiehuis PG, Traag WA, Tuinstra LGMT. 1989. Problems encountered in the determination of 2,2',3,4,4',5-HCB (CB 138) in environmental samples. Int J Environ Anal Chem 36:155-161.
51. Rothweiler BR, Berset J-D. 1999. High sensitivity of ortho-substituted polychlorobiphenyls in negative ion mass spectrometry (NCI-MS): A comparison with EI-MS and ECD for the determination of regulatory PCBs in soils. Chemosphere 38:1517-1532.
52. Samsonov DP, Kiruhin VP, Zhiruhina NP. 1994. Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-diozins and dibenzofurans in biological materials using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the negative ion. Zh Anal Chem 49:868-873.
53. Stemmler EA, Hites RA. 1988a. Electron capture negative ion mass spectra of environmental contaminants and related compounds. Weinheim, W. Germany: VCH. 407 p.
54. Stemmler EA, Hites RA. 1988b. A systematic study of instrumental parameters affecting electron capture negative ion mass spectra. Biomed Envir Mass Spectrom 15:659-667.
55. Stemmler EA, Hites RA, Arbogast B, Budde WL, Deinzer ML, Doughetry RC, Eichelberger JW, Foltz RL, Grimm C, Grimsrud EP, Sakashita C, Sears LJ. 1988. Interlaboratory comparison of methane electron capture negative ion mass spectra. Anal Chem 60:781-787.
56. Stephens RD, Rappe C, Hayward DG, Nygren M, Startin J, Esboll A, Carle J, Yrjanheikki EJ. 1992. World health organization international intercalibration study of dioxins and furans in human milk and blood. Anal Chem 64:3109-3117.
57. 2-extraction, HPLC pre-fractionation on chemically activated silica, and high resolution GC combined with negative-ion mass spectrometry. J High Resol Chromatogr Chromatogr Commun 7:74-82.
58. Tan YL, Kong A, Chiu Y. 1993. Sample preparation for analyzing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in sediment by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Estuaries 16:427-432.
59. -3 levels using a mobile atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer system. Adv Mass Spectrom 8B:1422-1428.
60. Waddell DS, McKinnon HS, Chittim BG, Safe S, Boyd RK. 1987. Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric characteristics of purified synthetic isomers of tetrachlorodibenzofuran. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom 14:457-464.
61. Westerberg RB, Alibrando SL, Van-Lenten FJ. 1984. Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls using limited-mass-scan gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 284:447-456.