Developments in spiritual care of the dying

Religion

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 353-363

  Walter, Tony ^a  

^a NONE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0038057427     PISSN: 0048721X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/reli.1996.0029     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. I am indebted to Stuart Coates for his detailed and prompt criticisms of a draft of this article.
2. J. Bowker, The Meanings of Death, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 1991.
3. T. Kselman, Death and the Afterlife in Modern France, Princeton, Princeton University Press 1993. J. Le Goff, The Birth of Purgatory, Chicago, Chicago University Press 1984. C. McDannell and B. Lang, Heaven - a history, New Haven, Yale University Press 1988. D. P. Walker, The Decline of Hell: seventeenth-century discussions of eternal torment. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul 1964.
4. T. Kselman, Death and the Afterlife in Modern France, Princeton, Princeton University Press 1993. J. Le Goff, The Birth of Purgatory, Chicago, Chicago University Press 1984. C. McDannell and B. Lang, Heaven - a history, New Haven, Yale University Press 1988. D. P. Walker, The Decline of Hell: seventeenth-century discussions of eternal torment. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul 1964.
5. T. Kselman, Death and the Afterlife in Modern France, Princeton, Princeton University Press 1993. J. Le Goff, The Birth of Purgatory, Chicago, Chicago University Press 1984. C. McDannell and B. Lang, Heaven - a history, New Haven, Yale University Press 1988. D. P. Walker, The Decline of Hell: seventeenth-century discussions of eternal torment. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul 1964.
6. T. Kselman, Death and the Afterlife in Modern France, Princeton, Princeton University Press 1993. J. Le Goff, The Birth of Purgatory, Chicago, Chicago University Press 1984. C. McDannell and B. Lang, Heaven - a history, New Haven, Yale University Press 1988. D. P. Walker, The Decline of Hell: seventeenth-century discussions of eternal torment. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul 1964.
7. S. Harding, D. Phillips and M. Fogart. Contrasting Values in Western Europe. London, Macmillan 1986, pp.46-7.
8. T. Walter, The Eclipse of Eternity: a sociology of the afterlife, Basingstoke, Macmillan 1995.
9. T. Walter, The Revival of Death, London, Routledge, 1994, p. 4.
10. Ibid., ch. 4
11. P. Ariès The Hour of Our Death, London, Allen Lane 1981.
12. This term replaced 'terminal care' in the 1970s.
13. The modern hospice movement may be dated from the founding of St Christopher's Hospice, London, by Cicely Saunders in 1967. As of January 1996, there were in the U.K. and Ireland 217 in-patient hospice units, 400+ home-care teams and 275 hospital support teams. In the U.K. in 1988, 13 per cent of cancer deaths and 7 per cent of all deaths involved hospice care, though many others dying in hospital receive care influenced by hospice philosophy. Hospices have become widespread in the U.S.A., where home care is more emphasized, but are spreading rather slowly in continental Europe. See Walter, Revival, op. cit. pp. 87-90; S. du Boulay, Cicely Saunders. London. Hodder 1984; Hospice Information Service Directory of Hospice and Palliative Care Services, London, St Christopher's Hospice, 1996.
14. The modern hospice movement may be dated from the founding of St Christopher's Hospice, London, by Cicely Saunders in 1967. As of January 1996, there were in the U.K. and Ireland 217 in-patient hospice units, 400+ home-care teams and 275 hospital support teams. In the U.K. in 1988, 13 per cent of cancer deaths and 7 per cent of all deaths involved hospice care, though many others dying in hospital receive care influenced by hospice philosophy. Hospices have become widespread in the U.S.A., where home care is more emphasized, but are spreading rather slowly in continental Europe. See Walter, Revival, op. cit. pp. 87-90; S. du Boulay, Cicely Saunders. London. Hodder 1984; Hospice Information Service Directory of Hospice and Palliative Care Services, London, St Christopher's Hospice, 1996.
15. The modern hospice movement may be dated from the founding of St Christopher's Hospice, London, by Cicely Saunders in 1967. As of January 1996, there were in the U.K. and Ireland 217 in-patient hospice units, 400+ home-care teams and 275 hospital support teams. In the U.K. in 1988, 13 per cent of cancer deaths and 7 per cent of all deaths involved hospice care, though many others dying in hospital receive care influenced by hospice philosophy. Hospices have become widespread in the U.S.A., where home care is more emphasized, but are spreading rather slowly in continental Europe. See Walter, Revival, op. cit. pp. 87-90; S. du Boulay, Cicely Saunders. London. Hodder 1984; Hospice Information Service Directory of Hospice and Palliative Care Services, London, St Christopher's Hospice, 1996.
16. L. Lofland. The Craft of Dying: the modern face of death, Beverley Hills, Sage 1978.
17. E.G. Highfield, and C Cason. 'Spiritual Needs: are they recognized?', Cancer Nursing, 6 (1983), pp. 187-92. V. B. Carson, Spiritual Dimensions of Nursing Practice, Philadelphia, WB Saunders 1989. P. Burnard. 'Learning to Care for the Spirit', Nursing Standard, 24 (1990), pp. 38-9. A. Bradshaw. Lighting the Lamp: the spiritual dimension of nursing care, London, Scutari Press 1994. J. Harrison and P. Burnard. Spirituality and Nursing Practice, Aldershot, Avebury 1995.
18. E.G. Highfield, and C Cason. 'Spiritual Needs: are they recognized?', Cancer Nursing, 6 (1983), pp. 187-92. V. B. Carson, Spiritual Dimensions of Nursing Practice, Philadelphia, WB Saunders 1989. P. Burnard. 'Learning to Care for the Spirit', Nursing Standard, 24 (1990), pp. 38-9. A. Bradshaw. Lighting the Lamp: the spiritual dimension of nursing care, London, Scutari Press 1994. J. Harrison and P. Burnard. Spirituality and Nursing Practice, Aldershot, Avebury 1995.
19. E.G. Highfield, and C Cason. 'Spiritual Needs: are they recognized?', Cancer Nursing, 6 (1983), pp. 187-92. V. B. Carson, Spiritual Dimensions of Nursing Practice, Philadelphia, WB Saunders 1989. P. Burnard. 'Learning to Care for the Spirit', Nursing Standard, 24 (1990), pp. 38-9. A. Bradshaw. Lighting the Lamp: the spiritual dimension of nursing care, London, Scutari Press 1994. J. Harrison and P. Burnard. Spirituality and Nursing Practice, Aldershot, Avebury 1995.
20. E.G. Highfield, and C Cason. 'Spiritual Needs: are they recognized?', Cancer Nursing, 6 (1983), pp. 187-92. V. B. Carson, Spiritual Dimensions of Nursing Practice, Philadelphia, WB Saunders 1989. P. Burnard. 'Learning to Care for the Spirit', Nursing Standard, 24 (1990), pp. 38-9. A. Bradshaw. Lighting the Lamp: the spiritual dimension of nursing care, London, Scutari Press 1994. J. Harrison and P. Burnard. Spirituality and Nursing Practice, Aldershot, Avebury 1995.
21. E.G. Highfield, and C Cason. 'Spiritual Needs: are they recognized?', Cancer Nursing, 6 (1983), pp. 187-92. V. B. Carson, Spiritual Dimensions of Nursing Practice, Philadelphia, WB Saunders 1989. P. Burnard. 'Learning to Care for the Spirit', Nursing Standard, 24 (1990), pp. 38-9. A. Bradshaw. Lighting the Lamp: the spiritual dimension of nursing care, London, Scutari Press 1994. J. Harrison and P. Burnard. Spirituality and Nursing Practice, Aldershot, Avebury 1995.
22. Walter, Revival, op. cit. pp. 98-106. T. Walter, 'The ideology and organisation of spiritual care', Palliative Medicine forthcoming.
23. Walter, Revival, op. cit. pp. 98-106. T. Walter, 'The ideology and organisation of spiritual care', Palliative Medicine forthcoming.
24. Mud and Stars: The report of a working party on the impact of hospice experience on the church's ministry of healing, Oxford, Michael Sobell House 1991, p. 117. N. James and D. Field 'The Routinization of Hospice: charisma and bureaucratization', Social Science & Medicine, 34 (1992), pp. 1363-75. A. Bradshaw. 'The Spiritual Dimension of Hospice: the secularization of an ideal', Social Science & Medicine 43 (1996), pp. 409-19.
25. Mud and Stars: The report of a working party on the impact of hospice experience on the church's ministry of healing, Oxford, Michael Sobell House 1991, p. 117. N. James and D. Field 'The Routinization of Hospice: charisma and bureaucratization', Social Science & Medicine, 34 (1992), pp. 1363-75. A. Bradshaw. 'The Spiritual Dimension of Hospice: the secularization of an ideal', Social Science & Medicine 43 (1996), pp. 409-19.
26. Mud and Stars: The report of a working party on the impact of hospice experience on the church's ministry of healing, Oxford, Michael Sobell House 1991, p. 117. N. James and D. Field 'The Routinization of Hospice: charisma and bureaucratization', Social Science & Medicine, 34 (1992), pp. 1363-75. A. Bradshaw. 'The Spiritual Dimension of Hospice: the secularization of an ideal', Social Science & Medicine 43 (1996), pp. 409-19.
27. K Froggatt and T. Walter, 'Hospice Logos', Journal of Palliative Care, 11, (1995).
28. G. Davie, 'Believing Without Belonging: is this the future of religion in Britain?' Social Compass, 37 (1990), pp. 455-69.
29. Walter, Revival, op. cit., p. 100. Meeting the Spiritual Needs of Patients and Staff, NHS memorandum MEL 50 (1994).
30. Walter, Revival, op. cit., p. 100. Meeting the Spiritual Needs of Patients and Staff, NHS memorandum MEL 50 (1994).
31. Sophie Gilliatt, Department of Sociology, University of Warwick, is currently researching the role of hospital and prison chaplains in relation to other faiths.
32. P. Berger, The Social Reality of Religion, London, Faber 1969.
33. du Boulay, op. cit.
34. C. Saunders (ed.), Beyond the Horizon: a search for meaning in suffering, London, Darton, Longman and Todd, 1990.
35. C. Saunders, 'Spiritual Pain'. Hospital Chaplain (1988).
36. V. Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning. London, Hodder 1987.
37. Walter, 'Ideology and Organisation', op. cit.
38. T. Walter, Funerals - and how to improve them. London, Hodder, ch. 20. J. Wynne Willson Funerals Without God: a practical guide to non-religious funerals? London, British Humanist Association 1989.
39. T. Walter, Funerals - and how to improve them. London, Hodder, ch. 20. J. Wynne Willson Funerals Without God: a practical guide to non-religious funerals? London, British Humanist Association 1989.
40. 'Secularisation', in W. Young, C. Murray Parkes and P. Laungani (eds), Death and Bereavement Across Cultures, London, Routledge 1996.
41. Bradshaw, 'Spiritual Dimension', op. cit.
42. Walter Revival, op. cit.; T. Walter 'Facing Death Without Tradition' in G Howarth and P. Jupp (eds), Contemporary Issues in the Sociology of Death, Dying and Disposal, Basingstoke, Macmillan 1995.
43. Walter Revival, op. cit.; T. Walter 'Facing Death Without Tradition' in G Howarth and P. Jupp (eds), Contemporary Issues in the Sociology of Death, Dying and Disposal, Basingstoke, Macmillan 1995.
44. J. Fowler, Stages of Faith, San Francisco, Harper and Row 1981.
45. T. Luckmann, 'Shrinking Transcendence, Expanding Religion', Sociological Analysis, 51 (1990), pp. 127-138.
46. O. Riis, 'New Religiosity Among the Youth' in Scandinavia paper given at the INFORM conference on New Religious Movements, London School of Economics, 1993.
47. E.g. Death and Bereavement Across Cultures, op. cit., H. N. Ghadiali, 'Grieving Hindus in Britain', Bereavement Care 2 (1983); H. Sternberg, 'Jewish Mourning Practices', Bereavement Care, 3 (1983). An exception is D. Stoter, Spiritual Aspects of Health Care, London, Mosby 1995, ch. 14, who observes that in every faith some adherents are unorthodox or experience religious conflict and may well appreciate assistance in making their own sense of things.
48. E.g. Death and Bereavement Across Cultures, op. cit., H. N. Ghadiali, 'Grieving Hindus in Britain', Bereavement Care 2 (1983); H. Sternberg, 'Jewish Mourning Practices', Bereavement Care, 3 (1983). An exception is D. Stoter, Spiritual Aspects of Health Care, London, Mosby 1995, ch. 14, who observes that in every faith some adherents are unorthodox or experience religious conflict and may well appreciate assistance in making their own sense of things.
49. E.g. Death and Bereavement Across Cultures, op. cit., H. N. Ghadiali, 'Grieving Hindus in Britain', Bereavement Care 2 (1983); H. Sternberg, 'Jewish Mourning Practices', Bereavement Care, 3 (1983). An exception is D. Stoter, Spiritual Aspects of Health Care, London, Mosby 1995, ch. 14, who observes that in every faith some adherents are unorthodox or experience religious conflict and may well appreciate assistance in making their own sense of things.
50. E.g. Death and Bereavement Across Cultures, op. cit., H. N. Ghadiali, 'Grieving Hindus in Britain', Bereavement Care 2 (1983); H. Sternberg, 'Jewish Mourning Practices', Bereavement Care, 3 (1983). An exception is D. Stoter, Spiritual Aspects of Health Care, London, Mosby 1995, ch. 14, who observes that in every faith some adherents are unorthodox or experience religious conflict and may well appreciate assistance in making their own sense of things.
51. There has been some criticism of this literature for hospital personnel that presumes Christians to be making their oven personal sense of things but Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs etc. to be totally orthodox.
52. London, Channel 4.
53. T. Walter, 'Death in the New Age' Religion, 23(1993), pp. 127-45.
54. P. Heelas, 'The New Age in Cultural Context', Religion. 23(1993), pp. 103-16.
55. E. Becker, The Denial of Death, New York, Free Press 1973.
56. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall 1975.
57. N. Albery, G. Eliot and J. Eliot (eds.), London, Virgin Press 1973.
58. E.g. S. Levine, Who Dies? an investigation of conscious living and conscious dying, Bath, Gateway 1988. S. Rinpoche, The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, London, Rider 1992.
59. E.g. S. Levine, Who Dies? an investigation of conscious living and conscious dying, Bath, Gateway 1988. S. Rinpoche, The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, London, Rider 1992.
60. R Bergeron 'The Christian Reception of the New Age', paper given at INFORM conference 'New Religions and the New Europe', held at the LSE March 1993.
61. Mud and Stars, op. cit., p. 230.
62. For a book on palliative care by a non-universalist, see A. Smith Gateway to Life: death and bereavement, Leicester, InterVarsity Press 1994.
63. Mud and Stars, op. cit.