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Volumn 300, Issue 5627, 2003, Pages 1904-1909

The Dark Age of the universe

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COSMIC RAYS; GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS; IONIZATION; MICROWAVES;

EID: 0038047469     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1085325     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (101)

References (106)
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    • note
    • -1, when matter dominates the energy density of the universe. The growth is being suppressed at present by the dark energy, and it was also suppressed in the early universe when radiation dominated over matter, at z ≳ 3500.
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    • An excellent, more extensive review of the dark age can be found in R. Barkana, A. Loeb [Phys. Rep. 349, 125 (2001)].
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    • The jeans mass of gas at a certain temperature and density is the minimum mass required for gravity to overcome the pressure gradient and force the gas to collapse.
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    • note
    • Atomic helium needs even more energy to make a transition to the first excited state than atomic hydrogen, and therefore it can induce cooling only at higher temperatures than hydrogen.
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    • note
    • Carbon and heavier elements were not synthesized in the Big Bang, and were all produced in stellar interiors. These elements therefore were not present in the primordial gas, and their abundance increased as supernovae and stellar winds delivered the products of the stellar nuclear furnaces to interstellar space.
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    • This simple calculation of the z at which the first object visible to an observer would collapse from a very rare fluctuation is based on the approximation that the collapse takes place when the linearly extrapolated overdensity reaches a fixed value, and is known as the Press-Schechter model, which was first proposed in (102) and is described in detail in its modern use in (103-105). The redshifts given here for the first object that would become visible may be changed slightly by corrections to this approximate model, and by changes in the CDM power spectrum normalization and primordial spectral index.
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    • note
    • At present the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (www.gmrt.ncra.tifr.res.in) in India is already searching for high-z 21-cm signals, and more sensitive observatories being designed now are the Square Kilometer Array (www.skatelescope.org) and the Low Frequency Array (www.lofar.org).
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    • note
    • I thank X. Fan and N. Gnedin for their permission to reproduce and their help in providing figures from their papers and P. Sieber for suggesting a good way to start this article. I also thank T. Abel, A. Loeb, M. Rees, and my referees for their comments.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.