Rethinking the boundaries of Kawasaki disease: Toward a revised case definition

Perspectives in Biology and Medicine

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 216-233

  Kushner, Howard I ^a   Bastian, John F ^b   Turner, Christena H ^c   Burns, Jane C ^d  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b RADY CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN;

CORONARY ARTERY ANEURYSM; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ERYTHEMA; FEVER; HEART INFARCTION; HUMAN; LYMPHADENOPATHY; MUCOCUTANEOUS LYMPH NODE SYNDROME; PATHOGENESIS; POLYARTERITIS NODOSA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RASH; REVIEW; SYMPTOM; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; URINALYSIS;

EID: 0038031014     PISSN: 00315982     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/pbm.2003.0024     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. American Academy of Pediatrics. 2000. Redbook: Report of the committee on infectious diseases. 26th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics.
2. American Heart Association. 1989. Diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease.
3. American Heart Association. 2001. Diagnostic guidelines for Kawasaki disease. Circulation 103:335-36.
4. Bastian, J. F., et al. 2001. Sensitivity of the Kawasaki case definition for detecting coronary artery abnormalities. Paper presented at 7th Intl. Kawasaki Disease Symposium, 4-7 Dec., Hakone, Japan.
5. Beiser, A., et al. 1998. A predictive instrument for coronary artery aneurysms in Kawasaki disease. U.S. Multicenter Kawasaki Disease Study Group. Am. J. Cardiol. 81(9):1116-20.
6. Bertrand, J.C., D. Fuks, and D. Nielson 1943. Periarteritis nudosa en un nino. Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria 293-309.
7. Burns, J. C., et al. 2000. Kawasaki disease: A brief history. Pediatrics 106:e27-e34.
8. Cassidy, J. T., and R. E. Petty. 2001. Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
9. Chen, I., N. Kuribayashi, and N. Tanaka. 1962. An autopsy case of infantile polyarteritis nodosa with particular findings in coronary arteries [in Japanese]. Nihon Byouri Gakkaisi (Jpn. Pathol. Org.) 51:541-42.
10. Dean, A. G., et al. 1982. An epidemic of Kawasaki syndrome in Hawaii. J. Pediatr. 100(4):552-57.
11. Dressler, E. 1999. The creation of a syndrome: From periarteritis nodosa to necrotizing angiitis. Master's thesis, San Diego State Univ.
12. Evans, A. S. 1993. Causation and disease: A chronological journey. New York: Plenum.
13. Fanney, G. C. 1949. Erythema multiforme exudativum: Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Cardiovascular and central nervous system involvement. J. Pediatr. 34:195-203.
14. Feigin, R. D., and J. D. Cherry. 1981. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders.
15. Fetterman, G. H., and Y. Hashida. 1974. Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS): A disease widespread in Japan which demands our attention. Pediatrics 54(3):268-70.
16. Furusho, K. 1999. Interview with authors, Kona, Hawaii.
17. Furusho K., et al. 1984. High-dose intravenous gamma globulin for Kawasaki disease. Lancet 2:1055-58.
18. Harada, K. 1991. Intravenous gamma-globulin treatment in Kawasaki disease. Acta Paeditr. Jpn. 33(6):805-10.
19. Hicks, R. 2000. Interview with authors, San Diego, 26 May.
20. Itoga, S., and M. Yamagishi. 1960. Steroid treatment for muco-cutaneous ocular syndrome of children [in Japanese]. Chiryo (J. Ther.) 42(6):1174-79.
21. Japan Kawasaki Research Committee. 1984. Diagnostic guidelines of infantile acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.
22. Japan MCLS Research Committee. 1970, 1972, 1974. Diagnostic guidelines of infantile acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome.
23. Joffe, A., A. Kabani, and T. Jadavji. 1995. Atypical and complicated Kawasaki disease in infants: Do we need criteria? West. J. Med. 162(4)4:322-27.
24. Johansmann, R. J., and P. Zeek. 1954. Periarteritis nodosa in a week-old infant. AMA Arch. Pathol. 58(3):207-13.
25. Kawasaki, T. 1962. Non-scarlet fever desquamative syndrome [in Japanese]. Chiba Med. J. 38:3-4.
26. Kawasaki, T. 1967. Acute febrile muco-cutaneous lymph node syndrome in young children with unique digital desquamation: clinical observation of 50 cases [in Japanese]. Arerugi (Jpn. J. Allergy) 16(3):178-222. Translated by H. Shike, C. Shimizu, and J. C. Burns, Pediatr. Inf. Dis., in press.
27. Kawasaki, T. 1998. Interview with authors, Tokyo, 5-7 Dec.
28. Kawasaki, T. 2000. Letter to J. Burns, 30 April.
29. Kawasaki, T. 2001. Kawasaki disease: A new disease? Acta Paediatr. Tw. 42:8-10.
30. Kawasaki, T., T. Sakata, and M. Kubo 1966. Two autopsy cases of periarteritis nodosa and its clinical aspects. Paper presented at the 17th Eastern Japan Meeting on Pediatrics, 30 Oct., Chiba, Japan.
31. Kawasaki, T., and Y. Yanase. 1980. MCLS and IPN [in Japanese]. Shonika (Pediatrics) 21:697-704.
32. Kawasaki, T., et al. 1970. Two autopsy cases of infantile periarteritis nodosa and their clinical characteristics: In relation to acute febrile MCLS. In two parts [in Japanese]. Chiryo (J. Ther.) 52(3):633-44; 52(4):811-18.
33. Kawasaki, T., et al. 1970. Two autopsy cases of infantile periarteritis nodosa and their clinical characteristics: In relation to acute febrile MCLS. In two parts [in Japanese]. Chiryo (J. Ther.) 52(3):633-44; 52(4):811-18.
34. Kawasaki, T., et al. 1974. A new infantile acute febrile mucocutaneious lymph node syndrome (MLNS) prevailing in Japan. Pediatrics 54(3):271-76.
35. Keith, H. M., and A. H. Baggenstoss. 1941. Primary arteritis (periarteritis nodosa) among children. J. Pediatr. 18:494-506.
36. Kosaki, F., and T. Kawasaki. 1964. Twenty case of oculo-muco-cutaneous syndrome. Paper presented at the 15th Eastern Japan and 9th Central Japan Meetings on Pediatrics, Oct., Matsumoto, Japan.
37. Kushner, H. I., and K. E. Holcomb. 2000. Where was Kawasaki disease before Kawasaki? Proceedings of the 6th Intl. Kawasaki Disease Symposium. Pediatr. Res. 47:560.
38. Kushner, H. I., et al. 2000. The worldwide emergence of Kawasaki disease in the 20th century. Paper presented at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for the History of Medicine, 19 May, Bethesda, MD.
39. Kushner, H. I., et al. 2001. Clinical criteria for the risk of pediatric CAA in historical perspective. Paper presented at the 7th Intl. Kawasaki Disease Symposium, 4-7 Dec., Hakone, Japan.
40. Kussmaul, A., and R. Maier. 1866. Über eine bisher nicht beschriebene eigentümliche Arterienerkrankung (Periarteritis nodosa), die mit Morbus Brightii und rapid fortschreitender allgemeiner Muskellähmung einhergeht (About a not-yet-described and unique kind of artery sickness) [in German]. Deutsches Archiv Klin. Med. 1:484-517.
41. Landing, B. 1999. Interview with authors, San Diego, 14 Aug.
42. Landing, B. H., and E. J. Larson. 1977. Are infantile periarteritis nodosa with coronary artery involvement and fatal mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome the same? Comparison of 20 patients from North America with patients from Hawaii and Japan. Pediatrics 59(5):651-62.
43. Larson, E. 1999. Interview with authors, San Diego, 11 Nov.
44. Larson, E. 1971. Autopsy report 71-16, Kauikeolani Children's Hospital, 20 April 1971, revised 3 May 1973.
45. Liban, E., Z. Shamir, and S. Schorr. 1954. Periarteritis nodosa in a nine-month-old infant. Am. J. Dis. Child. 88(2):210-15.
46. Martelle, R. R. 1955. Coronary thrombosis in a five-month-old infant. J. Pediatr. 46:322-26.
47. Melish M. 1974. Letter to T. Kawasaki, 15 March.
48. Melish, M. 1999. Telephone interview with author J. Burns, 17 Nov.
49. Melish, M. 2000. Interview with authors, San Diego, 4 April.
50. Melish, M. E., R. M. Hicks, and E. Larson. 1974. Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in the U.S. Pediatr. Res. 8:427A.
51. Melish, M. E., R. M. Hicks, and E. J. Larson. 1976. Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in the United States. Am. J. Dis. Child. 130:599-607.
52. Morens, D. 1999. Interview with author H. I. Kushner. Bethesda, MD, 12 Aug.
53. Morens, D. M., and R. J. O'Brien. 1978. Kawasaki disease in the United States. J. Infect. Dis. 137(1):91-93.
54. Morikawa, Y., et al. 1994. A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of intravenous gamma globulin therapy in children with acute Kawasaki disease. Acta Pediatr. Jpn. 36(4):347-54.
55. Newburger, J. W., et al. 1986. The treatment of Kawasaki syndrome with intravenous gamma globulin. N. Engl. J. Med. 315(6):341-47.
56. Newburger, J. W., et al. 1991. A single intravenous infusion of gamma globulin as compared with four infusions in the treatment of acute Kawasaki syndrome. N. Engl. J. Med. 324(23):1633-39.
57. Pickard, C. M., J. G. Owen, and G. J. Dammin. 1947. Aneurysms of the coronary arteries due to polyarteritis nodosa occuring in an infant: Report of a case with coronary artery thrombosis. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 32:1513-14.
58. Portman, A. F. 1948. Autopsy record 10074, University Hospitals of Cleveland, 7 April.
59. Roberts, F. B., and G. H. Fetterman. 1963. Polyarteritis nodosa in infancy. J. Pediatr. 63(4):519-28.
60. Rowley, A. H. 2002. Incomplete (atypical) Kawasaki disease. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 21:563-66.
61. Rowley, A. H., et al. 1987. Incomplete Kawasaki disease with coronary artery involvement. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 250:357-65.
62. Sato, N., et al. 1999. Selective high dose gamma-globulin treatment in Kawasaki disease: Assessment of clinical aspects and cost effectiveness. Pediatr. Int. 41(1):1-7.
63. Scott, E. P., and C. C. Rotondo. 1944. Periarteritis nodosa: Report of two cases, one complicated by intrapericardial hemorrhage. J. Pediatr. 25:306-10.
64. Sinclair, W., Jr., and E. Nitsch. 1949. Polyarteritis nodosa of the coronary arteries: Report of a case in an infant with rupture of an aneurysm and intrapericardial hemorrhage. Am. Heart J. 38:898-904.
65. Sonobe, T., et al. 2001. The incidence of coronary artery abnormality in incomplete Kawasaki disease. Paper presented at 7th Intl. Kawasaki Disease Symposium, 4-7 Dec., Hakone, Japan.
66. Stapp, J., and G. S. Marshall. 2000. Fulfillment of diagnostic criteria in Kawasaki disease. South. Med. J. 93(1):44-47.
67. Tanaka, N. 1965. Autopsy report SN-1369, Japan Red Cross Hospital, 22 Feb.
68. Tanaka, N. 1999. Interview with authors, San Diego, December.
69. Tanaka, N., S. Naoe, and T. Kawasaki. 1972. Pathological study on autopsy cases of MCLS in childhood: Particularly in relation with periarteritis nodosa-like arteritis [in Japanese]. Nisseki Chuo Byoin Iho (Med. J. Jpn. Red Cross Central Hosp.) 1:85-94.
70. Tseng, C. F., et al. 2001. Clinical spectrum of Kawasaki disease in infants. Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih 64(3):168-73.
71. Weston, W. L. 1996. What is erythema multiforme? Pediatr. Annal. 25(2):106-9.
72. Wilmer, H. A. 1945. Two cases of periarteritis nodosa occurring in the first month of life. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 77:275-86.
73. Witt, M. T., et al. 1999. Kawasaki disease: More patients are being diagnosed who do not meet the Amercian Heart Association criteria. Pediatrics 104(1):e10.
74. Wong, D., Y. M. Ng, and W. C. Mak. 2001. Atypical Kawasaki disease experience in Hong Kong. Paper presented at 7th Intl. Kawasaki Disease Symposium, 4-7 Dec., Hakone, Japan.
75. Yamamoto, T. 1998. Interview with authors, Tokyo, Japan, 8 Dec.
76. Yamamoto, T., and J. Kimura. 1968. A case report of acute febrile MCLS (Kawasaki) - a subtype of MCOS or erythema multiform (Stevens-Johnson) - complicated with myocarditis [in Japanese]. Shonika Rinsho (Jpn. J. Pediatrics) 21(3):336-39.
77. Yanagawa, H. 1995. Results of 12 nationwide epidemiological incidence surveys of Kawasaki disease in Japan. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. 149(7):779-83.
78. Yanagawa, H., et al. 1998. Results of the nationwide epidemiologic survey of Kawasaki disease in 1995 and 1996 in Japan. Pediatrics 102:e65-e72.
79. Zeek, P. M. 1952. Periarteritis nodosa: A critical review. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 22: 77-90.
80. Zeek, P. M., C. C. Smith, and J. C. Weeter. 1948. Studies on periarteritis nodosa. III. The differences between the vascular lesions of periarteritis nodosa and hypersensitivity. Am. J. Pathol. 24:889-917.
81. Ziporyn, T. 1992. Nameless diseases. New Brunswick: Rutgers Univ. Press.