Describing and comparing archaeological spatial structures

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory

Volumn 3, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 319-384

  Wandsnider, LuAnn ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

Author keywords

Ethnoarchaeology; Hunter gatherers; Site structure; Spatial analysis

Indexed keywords

EID: 0038030074     PISSN: 10725369     EISSN: 15737764     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF02233574     Document Type: Article

References (123)

1. Ammerman, A. J., and Feldman, M. W. (1974). On the "making" of an assemblage of stone tools. American Antiquity 39:610-616.
2. Anderson, D. (1982). Space use and site structure. Haliksa'i 1:120-141.
3. Ascher, R. (1968). Time's arrow and the archaeology of a contemporary community. In Chang, K. C. (ed.), Settlement and Archaeology, National Press, Palo Alto, CA, pp. 43-52.
4. Bartram, L. E., Kroll, E. M., and Bunn, H. T., (1991). Variability in camp structure and bone food refuse patterning at Kua San hunter-gatherer camps. In Kroll, E. M., and Price, T. D. (eds.), The Interpretation of Archaeological Spatial Patterning, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 77-148.
5. Berry, K. J., Mielke, P. W., and Kvamme, K. L. (1984). Efficient permutation procedures for analysis of artifact distributions. In Hietala, H. J. (ed.), Intrasite Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 54-74.
6. Binford, L. R. (1973). Interassemblage variability: The Mousterian and the "functional argument." In Renfrew, C. (ed.), The Explanation of Culture Change: Models in Prehistory, Ducksworth, London, pp. 227-254.
7. Binford, L. R. (1978a). Nunamiut Ethnoarchaeology, Academic Press, New York.
8. Binford, L. R. (1978b). Dimensional analysis of behavior and site structure: Learning from an Eskimo hunting stand. American Antiquity 43(3):330-361.
9. Binford, L. R. (1980). Willow smoke and dog's tails: Hunter-gatherer settlement systems and archaeological site formation. American Antiquity 45(1):4-20.
10. Binford, L. R. (1981a). Behavioral archaeology and the "Pompeii premise." Journal of Anthropological Research 37(3):195-208.
11. Binford, L. R. (1981b). Bones: Ancient Men and Modern Myths. Academic Press, New York.
12. Binford, L. R. (1982). The archaeology of place. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1:5-40.
13. Binford, L. R. (1983). In Pursuit of the Past. Thames and Hudson, London.
14. Binford, L. R. (1987). Researching ambiguity: Frames of reference and site structure. In Kent, S. (ed.), Method and Theory for Activity Area Research: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach, Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 449-512.
15. Binford, L. R. (1991). When the going gets tough, the tough get going: Nunamiut local groups, camping patterns and economic organization. In Gamble, C. S. and Boismier, W. A. (eds.), Ethnoarchaeological Approaches to Mobile Campsites, International Monographs in Prehistory, Ethnoarchaeology Series 1, pp. 25-137.
16. Binford, L. R., and Binford, S. R. (1966). A preliminary analysis of functional variability in the Mousterian of Levallois facies. In Clark, J. D. and Howell, F. C. (eds.) Recent Studies in Paleoanthropology, American Anthropologist 68:238-295.
17. Blankholm, H. P. (1991). Intrasite Spatial Analysis in Theory and Practice. Aarhus University Press, Aarhus.
18. Brooks, D. R., and Wiley, E. O. (1988). Evolution as Entropy: Towards a Unified Theory of Biology, 2nd ed., University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
19. Carr, C. (1984). The nature of organization of intrasite archaeological records and spatial analytic approaches to their investigation. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 7:103-222.
20. Carr, C. (1985). Alternative models, alternative techniques: Variable approaches to intrasite spatial analysis. In Carr, C. (ed.), For Concordance in Archaeological Analysis: Bridging Data Structure, Quantitative Technique, and Theory, Westport, Kansas City, MO, pp. 302-473.
21. Carr, C. (1987). Dissecting intrasite artifact palimpsests using Fourier methods. In Kent, S. (ed.), Method and Theory for Activity Area Research: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach, Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 236-291.
22. Deal, M. (1985). Household pottery disposal in the Maya Highlands: An ethnoarchaeological interpretation. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 4:243-291.
23. DeBoer, W. R., and Lathrap, D. W. (1979). The making and breaking of Shipibo-Conibo ceramics. In Kramer, C. (ed.), Ethnoarchaeology: Implications of ethnography for archaeology, Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 102-138.
24. Dekin, A. A., Jr. (1976). Elliptical analysis: An heuristic technique for the analysis of artifact clusters. In Maxwell, M.S. (ed.), Eastern Arctic Prehistory: Paleoeskimo Problems, Memoir No. 31, Society for American Archaeology, pp. 79-88.
25. Ebert, J. I. (1992). Distributional Archaeology, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
26. Eddy, F. W., Oberlin, R. E., and Farmer, T. R. (1984). Spatial analysis of archaeological data at the John Martin Dam and Reservoir, Southeastern Colorado. Plains Anthropologist 29-103:25-40.
27. Enloe, J. G., David, F., and Hare T. S. (1994). Patterns of faunal processing at Section 27 of Pincevent: The use of spatial analysis and ethnoarchaeological data in the interpretation of archaeological site structure. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13:105-124.
28. Farizy, C. (1994). Spatial patterning of Middle Paleolithic sites. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13:153-160.
29. Ferring, C. R. (1984). Intrasite spatial patterning: Its role in settlement-subsistence systems analysis. In Heitala, H. J. (ed.), Intrasite Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 116-126.
30. Fisher, J. W., Jr., and Strickland, H. C. (1989). Ethnoarchaeology among the Efe Pygmies, Zaire: Spatial organization of campsites. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78:473-484.
31. Fuchs, C., Kaufman, D., and Ronen, A. (1977). Erosion and artifact distribution in open-air Epi-Paleolithic sites on the coastal plain of Israel. Journal of Field Archaeology 4:171-181.
32. Gamble, C. (1991). An introduction to the living spaces of mobile peoples. In Gamble, C. S., and Boismier, W. A. (eds.), Ethnoarchaeological Approaches to Mobile Campsites, International Monographs in Prehistory. Ethnoarchaeology Series 1, pp. 1-23.
33. Gargett, R., and Hayden, B. (1991). Site, structure, kinship, and sharing in aboriginal Australia: Implications for archaeology. In Kroll, E. R. and Price, T. D. (eds.), The Interpretation of Archaeological Spatial Patterning Plenum Press, New York, pp. 11-32.
34. Gifford-Gonzalez, D. P., Damrosch, D. B., Damrosch, D. R., Pryor, J., and Thunen, R. L. (1985). The third dimension in site structure: An experiment in trampling and vertical dispersal. American Antiquity 50:803-818.
35. Gladfelter, B. G., and Tiedemann, C. E. (1985). The contiguity-anomaly technique for analysis of spatial variation. In Carr, C. (ed.), For Concordance in Archaeological Analysis: Bridging Data Structure, Quantitative Technique, and Theory, Westport, Kansas City, MO, pp. 474-501.
36. Gonzalez, R. C., and Wintz, P. (1987). Digital Image Processing 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
37. Graham, I. (1980). Spectral analysis and distance methods in the study of archaeological distributions. Journal of Archaeological Science 7:105-129.
38. Graham, M., Raish, C., and Sebastian, L. (1982). Site structure and Nunamiut ethnoarchaeology. Haliksa'i: UNM Contributions to Anthropology 1:110-119.
39. Grimm, L. T., and Koetje, T. A. (1992). Spatial patterns in the Upper Perigordian at Solvieux: Implications for activity reconstruction. In Hofman, J. L., and Enloe, J. E. (eds.), Piecing Together the Past: Applications of Refitting Studies in Archaeology. BAR International Series 578, Oxford, pp. 264-286.
40. Hayden, B., and Cannon, A. (1983). Where the garbage goes: Refuse disposal in the Maya Highlands. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 2:117-163.
41. Hitchcock, R. K. (1982). The Ethnoarchaeology of Sedentism: Mobility Strategies and Site Structure Among Foraging and Food Producing Populations in the Eastern Kalahari Desert, Botswana, Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
42. Hitchcock, R. K. (1987). Sedentism and site structure: Organizational changes in Kalahari Baswara residential locations. In Kent, S. (ed.), Method and Theory for Activity Area Research: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach, Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 374-423.
43. Hivernel, F., and Hodder, I. (1984). Analysis of artifact distribution at Ngenya (Kenya): Depositional and post-depositional effects. In Hietala, H. J. (ed.), Intrasite Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 97-115.
44. Hodder, I. (1987). The meaning of discard: Ash and domestic space in Baringo. In Kent, S. (ed.), Method and Theory for Activity Area Research: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach, Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 424-448.
45. Hodder, I., and Orton, C. (1976). Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
46. Janes, R. R. (1983). Archaeological Ethnography Among the Mackenzie Basin Dene, Canada, University of Calgary, Arctic Institute of North America Technical Paper No. 28, Calgary, Alberta.
47. Johnson, I. (1984). Cell frequency recording and analysis of artifact distributions. In Hietala, H. J. (ed.), Intrasite Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 75-96.
48. Jones, G. T., and Beck, C. (1992). Chronological resolution in distributional archaeology. In Rossignol, J., and Wandsnider, L. (eds.), Space, Time, an Archaeological Landscapes, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 167-192.
49. Keeley, L. H. (1991). Tool use and spatial patterning: Complications and solution. In Kroll, E. M., and Price, T. D. (eds.), The Interpretation of Archaeological Spatial Patterning, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 257-268.
50. Kent, S. (1987). Understanding the use of space: An ethnoarchaeological approach. In Kent, S. (ed.), Method and Theory for Activity Area Research: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach, Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 1-62.
51. Kent, S. (1991). The relationship between mobility strategies and site structure. In Kroll, E. M., and Price, T. D. (eds.), The Interpretation of Archaeological Spatial Patterning Plenum Press, New York, pp. 33-60.
52. Kent, S. (1992). Studying variability in the archaeological record: An ethnoarchaeological model for distinguishing mobility patterns. American Antiquity 57(4):635-660.
53. Killion, T. W. (1992). Residential ethnoarchaeology and ancient site structure. In Killion, T. W. (ed.), Gardens of Prehistory. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa, pp. 119-149.
54. Kind, C.-J. (1985). Die Verteilung von Steinartefakten in Grabungsflächen: Ein Modell zur Organisation Alt- und Mittelsteinzeitlicher Siedlungsplätze. Archaeologica Venatoria 7, Tübingen.
55. Kintigh, K. W., and Ammerman, A. J. (1982). Heuristic approaches to spatial analysis in archaeology. American Antiquity 47(1):31-63.
56. Kneebone, R. R. (1990). Energy Flow, Spatial Organization, and Community Structure at Matacapan, Veracruz, Mexico. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
57. Koetje, T. A. (1987). Spatial Patterns in Magdalenian Open Air Sites from the Isle Valley, Southwestern France, BAR International Series 346, Oxford.
58. Koetje, T. A. (1990). Dealing with three dimensional site structure: An example using simulated archaeological levels, and the Magdalenian site of Le Flageolet II (Dordogne, France). Journal of Field Archaeology 18:187-198.
59. Koetje, T. A. (1994). Intrasite spatial structure in the European Upper Paleolithic: Evidence and patterning from the SW of France. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13:161-169.
60. Kroll, E. M., and Isaac, Gl. (1984). In Hietala, H. J. (ed.), Intrasite Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 4-31.
61. Kroll, E. M., and Price, T. D. (eds.) (1991). The Interpretation of Archaeological Spatial Patterning. Plenum Press, New York.
62. Krzyzak, A., Kasvand, T., and Suen, C. Y. (eds.) (1989). Computer Vision and Shape Recognition, Series in Computer Science Vol. 14, World Scientific, London.
63. Lang, S. A. (1992). An investigation of image processing techniques at Pincevent habitation No. 1, a late Magdalenian site in northern France, Arizona State University Anthropological Research Papers No. 43, Tempe.
64. MacEachren, A. M. (1982). Map complexity: Comparison and measurement. The American Cartographer 9(1):31-46.
65. Metcalfe, D., and Heath, K. M. (1990). Microrefuse and site structure: The hearths and floors of the Heartbreak Hotel. American Antiquity 55(4):781-796.
66. Monmonier, M. S. (1974). Measures of pattern complexity for choroplethic maps. The American Cartographer 1(2):159-169.
67. Montet-White, A., and Williams, J. T. (1994). Spatial organization at a winter campsite of the last glacial maximum: The case of Grubgraben AL1. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13:125-138.
68. Murray, P. (1980). Discard location: The ethnographic data. American Antiquity 45:490-502.
69. Newell, R. R., and Dekin, A. A., Jr. (1978). An integrative strategy for the definition of behaviorally meaningful archaeological units. Palaeohistoria 20:8-38.
70. O'Connell, J. F. (1987). Alyawara site structure and its archaeological implications. American Antiquity 52(1):74-108.
71. O'Connell, J. F. (1993). What can Great Basin archaeologists learn form the study of site structure? An ethnoarchaeological perspective. Utah Archaeology 1993:7-26.
72. O'Connell, J. F. (1995). Ethnoarchaeology needs a general theory of behavior. Journal of Archaeological Research 3(3):205-255.
73. O'Connell, J. F., Hawkes, K., and Jones, N. B. (1991). Distribution of refuse-producing activities at Hazda residential camps. In Kroll, E. M., and Price, T. D., The Interpretation of Archaeological Spatial Patterning Plenum Press, New York, pp. 61-76.
74. Orton, C. R. (1982). Stochastic process and archaeological mechanism in spatial analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science 9:1-23.
75. Petraglia, M. D., Akoshima, K., and Straus, L. G. (1994). Interpreting the formation of the Abri Dufaur: An Upper Paleolithic site in southwestern France. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 13:139-151.
76. Prigogine, I. (1980). From Being to Becoming: Time and Complexity in the Physical Sciences. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.
77. Rapson, D. J., and Todd, L. C. (1992) Conjoins, contemporaneity, and site structure: Distributional analysis of the Bugas-Holding site. In Hofman, J. L., and Enloe, J. E. (eds.), Piecing Together the Past: Applications of Refitting Studies in Archaeology. BAR International Series 578, Oxford, pp. 238-263.
78. Reid, J. J., Schiffer, M. B., and Rathje, W. L. (1975). Behavioral archaeology: Four strategies. American Anthropologist 77:864-869.
79. Rick, J. (1976). Downslope movement and archaeological intrasite spatial analysis. American Antiquity 41:133-144.
80. Rigaud, J.-P., and Simek, J. F. (1991). Interpreting spatial patterns at the Grotte XV: A multiple-method approach. In Kroll, E. M., and Price, T. D. (eds.), The Interpretation of Archaeological Spatial Patterning Plenum Press, New York, pp. 199-220.
81. Rogers, A. (1982). Data collection and information loss in the study of spatial pattern. World Archaeology 14(2):249-258.
82. Rogers, A., and Chasko, W. J., Jr., (1979). The spatial distribution of archaeological sites: A clue to subsistence behavior. In Biella, J. V. and Chapman, R. C. (eds.), Archaeological Investigations in Cochiti Reservoir, New Mexico. Vol. 4. Adaptive Change in the Northern Rio Grande Valley, Office of Contract Archaeology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, pp. 283-294.
83. Rossignol, J. (1992). Concepts, methods and theory building: A landscape approach. In Rossignol, J. and Wandsnider, L. (eds.), Space, Time, and Archaeological Landscapes, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 3-20.
84. Rossignol, J., and Wandsnider, L. (1992). Space, Time, and Archaeological Landscapes. Plenum Press, New York.
85. Schiffer, M. B. (1972). Archaeological context and systemic context. American Antiquity 37(2):156-165.
86. Schiffer, M. B. (1974). On Whallon's use of dimensional analysis of variance at Guila Naquitz. American Antiquity 39:490-492.
87. Schiffer, M. B. (1976). Behavioral Archeology. Academic Press, New York.
88. Schiffer, M. B. (1983). Toward the identification of formation processes. American Antiquity 48(4):675-706.
89. Schiffer, M. B. (1987). Formation Processes of the Archaeological Record. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
90. Schiffer, M. B. (1988). The structure of archaeological theory. American Antiquity 53:461-485.
91. Segen, J. (1989). From features to symbols: Learning relational models of shape. In Simon, J.C. (ed.), From Pixels to Features, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
92. Seymour, D., and Schiffer, M. B. (1987). A preliminary analysis of pithouse assemblages from Snaketown, Arizona. In Kent, S. (ed.), Method and Theory for Activity Area Research: An Ethnoarchaeological Approach Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 549-603.
93. Simek, J. (1984). A K-Means Approach to the Analysis of Spatial Structure in Upper Paleolithic Habitation Sites: Le Flageolet I and Pincevent Section 36, BAR International Series 205, Oxford.
94. Simek, J. F., and Larick, R. R. (1983). The recognition of multiple spatial patterns: A case study from the French Upper Paleolithic. Journal of Archaeological Science 10:165-180.
95. Simms, S. R. (1988). The archaeological structure of a bedouin camp. Journal of Archaeological Science 15:197-211.
96. Simms, S. R. (1989). The structure of the Bustos Wickiup Site, eastern Nevada. California and Great Basin Anthropology 11(1):2-34.
97. Simms, S. R., and K. M. Heath (1990). Site structure of the Orbit Inn: An application of ethnoarchaeology. American Antiquity 55(4):797-812.
98. Simon, J. C. (ed.) (1989). From Pixels to Features, North-Holland, Amsterdam.
99. Smith, C. S., McNees, L. M., and Reust, T. P. (1995). Site structure of two buried stone circle sites, southern Wyoming. Plains Anthropologist 40-151:5-22.
100. Spear, L. M. (1979). The applicability of statistical mapping as an initial step in the spatial analysis of archaeological distributions. In Biella, J. V., and Chapman, R. C. (eds.), Archaeological Investigations in Cochiti Reservoir, New Mexico. Vol. 4: Adaptive Change in the Northern Rio Grande Valley, Office of Contract Archaeology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, pp. 319-338.
101. Speth, J. D., and Johnson, G. A. (1976). Problems in the use of correlation for the investigation of tool kits and activity areas. In Cleland, C. (ed.), Culture Changes and Continuity: Essays in Honor of James Bennett Griffin, Academic Press, London, pp. 35-57.
102. Spurling, B., and Hayden, B. (1984). Ethnoarchaeology and intrasite spatial analysis: A case study from the Australian Western Desert. In Hietala, H. J. (ed.), Intrasite Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 224-241.
103. Stein, J. K. (1987). Deposits for archaeologists. Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 11:337-395.
104. Stevenson, M. G. (1982). Toward an understanding of site abandonment behavior: Evidence from historic mining camps in the southwest Yukon. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 1:237-265.
105. Stevenson, M. G. (1985). The formation of artifact assemblages at workshop/habitation sites: Models from Peace Point in northern Alaska. American Antiquity 50(1):63-81.
106. Stevenson, M. G. (1991). Beyond the formation of hearth-associated artifact assemblages. In Kroll, E. M., and Price, T. D. (eds.), The Interpretation of Archaeological Spatial Patterning Plenum Press, New York, pp. 269-300.
107. Stockton, E. D. (1973). Shaw's Creek Shelter: Human displacement of artefacts and its significance. Mankind 9:112-117.
108. Sullivan, A. P. (1992a). Investigating the archaeological consequences of short-duration occupations. American Antiquity 57:99-115.
109. Sullivan, A. P. (1992b). The role of theory in solving enduring archaeological problems. In Wandsnider, L. A. (ed.), Quandaries and Quests: Visions of Archaeology's Future, Center for Archaeological Investigations, Occasional Paper No. 20, Southern Illinois University, Carbonate, pp. 239-253.
110. Tipps, B. L. (1993). Investigation of the spatial structure of lithic scatter sites from an ethnoarchaeological perspective: Examples from Utah and Nevada. Utah Archaeology 1993:57-71.
111. Wandsnider, L. (1989). Long-term Land Use, Formation Processes, and the Structure of the Archaeological Landscape: A Case Study from Southwestern Wyoming University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, MI.
112. Wandsnider, L. (1992). The spatial dimension of time. In Rossignol, J., and Wandsnider, L. (eds.), Space, Time, and Archaeological Landscapes, Plenum Press, New York, pp. 257-281.
113. Wandsnider, L. (1995). The results of education: Natural formation research and scaler analysis of archaeological deposits. In Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology of India: Essays in Honour of Professor S. N. Rajaguru, Geological Society of India Memoir 32, pp. 435-445.
114. Wandsnider, L. (1996). Landscape element configuration, lifespace, and occupation history: Ethnoarchaeological observations and archaeological applications. In Sullivan, A. P. (ed.), The Interpretative Potential of Surface Archaeological Phenomena, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque (in press).
115. Whallon, R. (1973). Spatial analysis of occupation floors. I. Applications of dimensional analysis of variance. American Antiquity 38:320-328.
116. Whallon, R. (1974). Spatial analysis of occupation floors. II. The application of nearest neighbor analysis. American Antiquity 39:16-344.
117. Whallon, R. (1978). The spatial analysis of Mesolithic occupation floors. In Mellars, P. (ed.), The Early Postglacial Settlement of Northern Europe, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, pp. 27-36.
118. Whallon, R. (1984). Unconstrained clustering for the analysis of spatial distributions in archaeology. In Hietala, H. J. (ed.), Intrasite Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 242-277.
119. Whitelaw, T. (1991). Some dimensions of variability in the social organization of community space among foragers. In Gamble, C. S., and Boismier, W. A. (eds.), Ethnoarchaeological Approaches to Mobile Campsites, International Monographs in Prehistory. Ethnoarchaeology Series 1, pp. 139-188.
120. Wylie, A. (1989). Archaeological cables and tacking: The implications of practice for Bernstein's "Options Beyond Objectivism and Relativism." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 18:1-18.
121. Wylie, A. (1992). The interplay of evidential constrainsts and political interests: Recent archaeological research on gender. American Antiquity 57(1):15-35.
122. Yellen, J. E. (1977). Archaeological Approaches to the Present: Models for Reconstructing the Past, Academic Press, New York.
123. Yellen, J. E. (1991). Small mammals: Post-discard patterning of !Kung San faunal remains. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 10:152-192.