메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1, Issue 4, 2002, Pages 211-216

Subclinical hypothyroidism: How should it be managed?

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

LIOTHYRONINE; THYROID PEROXIDASE; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

EID: 0038007606     PISSN: 11756349     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00024677-200201040-00002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (8)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 0036173697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum TSH, T4, and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
    • Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, et al. Serum TSH, T4, and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 489-99
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 489-499
    • Hollowell, J.G.1    Staehling, N.W.2    Flanders, W.D.3
  • 2
    • 0035088235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disease
    • Fatourechi V. Subclinical thyroid disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2001; 76: 413-6
    • (2001) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.76 , pp. 413-416
    • Fatourechi, V.1
  • 3
    • 0035954660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice: Subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Cooper DS. Clinical practice: subclinical hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 260-5
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 260-265
    • Cooper, D.S.1
  • 5
    • 0030340027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and significance
    • Arem R, Escalante D. Subclinical hypothyroidism: epidemiology, diagnosis, and significance. Adv Intern Med 1996; 41: 213-50
    • (1996) Adv Intern Med , vol.41 , pp. 213-250
    • Arem, R.1    Escalante, D.2
  • 6
    • 0036959745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3 in normal subjects: A clue to the understanding of subclinical thyroid disease
    • 3 in normal subjects: a clue to the understanding of subclinical thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87: 1068-72
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , pp. 1068-1072
    • Andersen, S.1    Pedersen, K.M.2    Bruun, N.H.3
  • 7
    • 0034747901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism is seldom necessary
    • Chu JW, Crapo LM. The treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism is seldom necessary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 4591-9
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 4591-4599
    • Chu, J.W.1    Crapo, L.M.2
  • 8
    • 0034747899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism is mild thyroid failure and should be treated
    • McDermott MT, Ridgway EC. Subclinical hypothyroidism is mild thyroid failure and should be treated. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 4585-90
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 4585-4590
    • McDermott, M.T.1    Ridgway, E.C.2
  • 9
    • 0031935961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High serum cholesterol levels in persons with 'high-normal' TSH levels: Should one extend the definition of subclinical hypothyroidism?
    • Michalopoulou G, Alevizaki M, Piperingos G, et al. High serum cholesterol levels in persons with 'high-normal' TSH levels: should one extend the definition of subclinical hypothyroidism? Eur J Endocrinol 1998; 138: 141-5
    • (1998) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.138 , pp. 141-145
    • Michalopoulou, G.1    Alevizaki, M.2    Piperingos, G.3
  • 10
    • 0035044676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between thyrotropin and low density lipoprotein cholesterol is modified by insulin sensitivity in healthy euthyroid subjects
    • Bakker SJ, ter Maaten JC, Popp-Snijders C, et al. The relationship between thyrotropin and low density lipoprotein cholesterol is modified by insulin sensitivity in healthy euthyroid subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 1206-11
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 1206-1211
    • Bakker, S.J.1    Ter Maaten, J.C.2    Popp-Snijders, C.3
  • 11
    • 0018950086 scopus 로고
    • Grades of subclinical hypothyroidism in asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis revealed by the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test
    • Bastenie PA, Bonnyns M, Vanhaelst L. Grades of subclinical hypothyroidism in asymptomatic autoimmune thyroiditis revealed by the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980; 51: 163-6
    • (1980) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.51 , pp. 163-166
    • Bastenie, P.A.1    Bonnyns, M.2    Vanhaelst, L.3
  • 12
    • 0033085711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sub-biochemical hypothyroidism: An exaggerated thyroid stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin releasing hormone
    • Sheth JJ, Thakore PB, Trivedi BB, et al. Sub-biochemical hypothyroidism: an exaggerated thyroid stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin releasing hormone. J Assoc Physicians India 1999; 47: 275-9
    • (1999) J Assoc Physicians India , vol.47 , pp. 275-279
    • Sheth, J.J.1    Thakore, P.B.2    Trivedi, B.B.3
  • 13
    • 0027467444 scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone stimulation test responses employing third and fourth generation TSH assays
    • Spencer CA, Schwarzbein D, Guttler RB, et al. Thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone stimulation test responses employing third and fourth generation TSH assays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993; 76: 494-8
    • (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.76 , pp. 494-498
    • Spencer, C.A.1    Schwarzbein, D.2    Guttler, R.B.3
  • 14
    • 0034723754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study
    • Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, et al. The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 526-34
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 526-534
    • Canaris, G.J.1    Manowitz, N.R.2    Mayor, G.3
  • 15
    • 0030342489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein(a) concentration in subclinical hypothyroidism before and after levo-thyroxine therapy
    • Yildirimkaya M, Ozata M, Yilmaz K, et al. Lipoprotein(a) concentration in subclinical hypothyroidism before and after levo-thyroxine therapy. Endocr J 1996; 43: 731-6
    • (1996) Endocr J , vol.43 , pp. 731-736
    • Yildirimkaya, M.1    Ozata, M.2    Yilmaz, K.3
  • 16
    • 0034651789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: The Rotterdam Study
    • Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132: 270-8
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med , vol.132 , pp. 270-278
    • Hak, A.E.1    Pols, H.A.2    Visser, T.J.3
  • 17
    • 16044369292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of ischemic heart disease in relation to autoimmune thyroid disease in a 20-year follow-up study of an English community
    • Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, et al. The development of ischemic heart disease in relation to autoimmune thyroid disease in a 20-year follow-up study of an English community. Thyroid 1996; 6: 155-60
    • (1996) Thyroid , vol.6 , pp. 155-160
    • Vanderpump, M.P.1    Tunbridge, W.M.2    French, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 0029888196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for mild thyroid failure at the periodic health examination: A decision and cost-effectiveness analysis
    • Danese MD, Powe NR, Sawin CT, et al. Screening for mild thyroid failure at the periodic health examination: a decision and cost-effectiveness analysis. JAMA 1996; 276: 285-92
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 285-292
    • Danese, M.D.1    Powe, N.R.2    Sawin, C.T.3
  • 19
    • 0034267608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review 115: Effect of thyroxine therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with mild thyroid failure: A quantitative review of the literature
    • Danese MD, Ladenson PW, Meinert CL, et al. Clinical review 115: effect of thyroxine therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with mild thyroid failure: a quantitative review of the literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85: 2993-3001
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 2993-3001
    • Danese, M.D.1    Ladenson, P.W.2    Meinert, C.L.3
  • 20
    • 0033584469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child
    • Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, et al. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 549-55
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 549-555
    • Haddow, J.E.1    Palomaki, G.E.2    Allan, W.C.3
  • 21
    • 0034999813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relation of severity of maternal hypothyroidism to cognitive development of offspring
    • Klein RZ, Sargent JD, Larsen PR, et al. Relation of severity of maternal hypothyroidism to cognitive development of offspring. J Med Screen 2001; 8: 18-20
    • (2001) J Med Screen , vol.8 , pp. 18-20
    • Klein, R.Z.1    Sargent, J.D.2    Larsen, P.R.3
  • 22
    • 0033974225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential repercussions for the progeny of maternal hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy
    • Glinoer D. Potential repercussions for the progeny of maternal hypothyroxinemia during pregnancy. Thyroid 2000; 10: 59-62
    • (2000) Thyroid , vol.10 , pp. 59-62
    • Glinoer, D.1
  • 23
    • 0027469676 scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism: A modifiable risk factor for depression?
    • Haggerty Jr JJ, Stern RA, Mason GA, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism: a modifiable risk factor for depression? Am J Psychiatry 1993; 150: 508-10
    • (1993) Am J Psychiatry , vol.150 , pp. 508-510
    • Haggerty J.J., Jr.1    Stern, R.A.2    Mason, G.A.3
  • 25
    • 0019854855 scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and infertility
    • Bohnet HG, Fiedler K, Leidenberger FA, Subclinical hypothyroidism and infertility [letter]. Lancet 1981; 11: 1278
    • (1981) Lancet , vol.11 , pp. 1278
    • Bohnet, H.G.1    Fiedler, K.2    Leidenberger, F.A.3
  • 26
    • 0026394434 scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia
    • Tolino A, Nicotra M, Romano L, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia. Acta Eur Fertil 1991; 22: 275-7
    • (1991) Acta Eur Fertil , vol.22 , pp. 275-277
    • Tolino, A.1    Nicotra, M.2    Romano, L.3
  • 28
    • 0023759716 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function and bipolar affective disorder
    • Joffe RT, Kutcher S, MacDonald C. Thyroid function and bipolar affective disorder. Psychiatry Res 1988; 25: 117-21
    • (1988) Psychiatry Res , vol.25 , pp. 117-121
    • Joffe, R.T.1    Kutcher, S.2    MacDonald, C.3
  • 29
    • 0027272970 scopus 로고
    • Rapid cycling patients: Conceptual and etiological factors
    • Ananth J, Wohl M, Ranganath V, et al. Rapid cycling patients: conceptual and etiological factors. Neuropsychobiology 1993; 27: 193-8
    • (1993) Neuropsychobiology , vol.27 , pp. 193-198
    • Ananth, J.1    Wohl, M.2    Ranganath, V.3
  • 30
    • 0027163479 scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism in recurrent mania
    • Terao T. Subclinical hypothyroidism in recurrent mania. Biol Psychiatry 1993; 33: 853-4
    • (1993) Biol Psychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 853-854
    • Terao, T.1
  • 31
    • 0021141412 scopus 로고
    • L-thyroxine therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Cooper DS, Halpern R, Wood LC, et al. L-thyroxine therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1984; 101: 18-24
    • (1984) Ann Intern Med , vol.101 , pp. 18-24
    • Cooper, D.S.1    Halpern, R.2    Wood, L.C.3
  • 32
    • 0023719928 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind cross-over 12-month study of L-thyroxine treatment of women with 'subclinical' hypothyroidism
    • Nystrom E, Caidahl K, Fager G, et al. A double-blind cross-over 12-month study of L-thyroxine treatment of women with 'subclinical' hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1988; 29: 63-75
    • (1988) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.29 , pp. 63-75
    • Nystrom, E.1    Caidahl, K.2    Fager, G.3
  • 33
    • 0030463420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does treatment with L-thyroxine influence health status in middle-aged and older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism?
    • Jaeschke R, Guyatt G, Gerstein H, et al. Does treatment with L-thyroxine influence health status in middle-aged and older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism? J Gen Intern Med 1996; 11: 744-9
    • (1996) J Gen Intern Med , vol.11 , pp. 744-749
    • Jaeschke, R.1    Guyatt, G.2    Gerstein, H.3
  • 34
    • 17944382933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TSH-controlled L-thyroxine therapy reduces cholesterol levels and clinical symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism: A double blind, placebo-controlled trial (Basel Thyroid Study)
    • Meier C, Staub JJ, Roth CB, et al. TSH-controlled L-thyroxine therapy reduces cholesterol levels and clinical symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double blind, placebo-controlled trial (Basel Thyroid Study). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86: 4860-6
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , pp. 4860-4866
    • Meier, C.1    Staub, J.J.2    Roth, C.B.3
  • 35
    • 0001246263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised controlled trial of thyroxine treatment in mild subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Kong WM, Sheikh M, Lumb P, et al. A randomised controlled trial of thyroxine treatment in mild subclinical hypothyroidism [abstract]. Endocr Soc Annu Meet Prog Abstr 2000; 82: 597
    • (2000) Endocr Soc Annu Meet Prog Abstr , vol.82 , pp. 597
    • Kong, W.M.1    Sheikh, M.2    Lumb, P.3
  • 36
    • 0035922819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine treatment in patients with symptoms of hypothyroidism but thyroid function tests within the reference range: Randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial
    • Pollock MA, Sturrock A, Marshall K, et al. Thyroxine treatment in patients with symptoms of hypothyroidism but thyroid function tests within the reference range: randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial. BMJ 2001; 323: 891-5
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.323 , pp. 891-895
    • Pollock, M.A.1    Sturrock, A.2    Marshall, K.3
  • 37
    • 0030875234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in subjects with hypothyroidism, borderline hypothyroidism, and high-normal serum thyrotropin (TSH) values
    • Lekakis J, Papamichael C, Alevizaki M, et al. Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in subjects with hypothyroidism, borderline hypothyroidism, and high-normal serum thyrotropin (TSH) values. Thyroid 1997; 7: 411-4
    • (1997) Thyroid , vol.7 , pp. 411-414
    • Lekakis, J.1    Papamichael, C.2    Alevizaki, M.3
  • 38
    • 0029046372 scopus 로고
    • The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: A twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey
    • Vanderpump MP, Tunbridge WM, French JM, et al. The incidence of thyroid disorders in the community: a twenty-year follow-up of the Whickham Survey. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1995; 43: 55-68
    • (1995) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.43 , pp. 55-68
    • Vanderpump, M.P.1    Tunbridge, W.M.2    French, J.M.3
  • 39
    • 0033920253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental improvement after replacement therapy with thyroxine plus triiodothyronine: Relationship to cause of hypothyroidism
    • Bunevicius R, Prange AJ. Mental improvement after replacement therapy with thyroxine plus triiodothyronine: relationship to cause of hypothyroidism. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2000; 3: 167-74
    • (2000) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.3 , pp. 167-174
    • Bunevicius, R.1    Prange, A.J.2
  • 40
    • 18744419707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thyroxine as compared with thyroxine plus triiodothyronine in patients with hypothyroidism
    • Bunevicius R, Kazanavicius G, Zalinkevicius R, et al. Effects of thyroxine as compared with thyroxine plus triiodothyronine in patients with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 424-9
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 424-429
    • Bunevicius, R.1    Kazanavicius, G.2    Zalinkevicius, R.3
  • 41
    • 0033545344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone replacement: One hormone or two?
    • Toft AD. Thyroid hormone replacement: one hormone or two? N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 469-70
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 469-470
    • Toft, A.D.1
  • 42
    • 0032527191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical guideline, part 2: Screening for thyroid disease: An update
    • American College of Physicians
    • Halfan M, Redman CC. Clinical guideline, part 2: screening for thyroid disease: an update. American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129: 144-58
    • (1998) Ann Intern Med , vol.129 , pp. 144-158
    • Halfan, M.1    Redman, C.C.2
  • 43
    • 0034641085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Thyroid Association guidelines for detection of thyroid dysfunction
    • Ladenson PW, Singer PA, Ain KB, et al. American Thyroid Association guidelines for detection of thyroid dysfunction. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 1573-5
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med , vol.160 , pp. 1573-1575
    • Ladenson, P.W.1    Singer, P.A.2    Ain, K.B.3
  • 44
    • 0028245904 scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine therapy
    • Toft AD. Thyroxine therapy. N Engl J Med 1994; 331: 174-80
    • (1994) N Engl J Med , vol.331 , pp. 174-180
    • Toft, A.D.1
  • 45
    • 0029915341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural course of 'subclinical' hypothyroidism in childhood and adolescence
    • Moore DC. Natural course of 'subclinical' hypothyroidism in childhood and adolescence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996; 150: 293-7
    • (1996) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med , vol.150 , pp. 293-297
    • Moore, D.C.1
  • 46
    • 0001766186 scopus 로고
    • A therapeutic controversy. Thyroid hormone treatment: When and what?
    • Oppenheimer JH, Braverman LE, Toft A, et al. A therapeutic controversy. Thyroid hormone treatment: when and what? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995; 80: 2873-83
    • (1995) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.80 , pp. 2873-2883
    • Oppenheimer, J.H.1    Braverman, L.E.2    Toft, A.3
  • 47
    • 0036228288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The case for more aggressive screening and treatment of mild thyroid failure
    • Ayala AR, Wartofsky L. The case for more aggressive screening and treatment of mild thyroid failure. Cleve Clin J Med 2002; 69: 313-20
    • (2002) Cleve Clin J Med , vol.69 , pp. 313-320
    • Ayala, A.R.1    Wartofsky, L.2
  • 48
    • 0032771231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal hypothyroidism: Recognition and management
    • Brent GA. Maternal hypothyroidism: recognition and management. Thyroid 1999; 9: 661-5
    • (1999) Thyroid , vol.9 , pp. 661-665
    • Brent, G.A.1
  • 49
    • 0035808993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the optimal treatment for hypothyroidism?
    • Walsh JP, Stuckey BG. What is the optimal treatment for hypothyroidism? Med J Aust 2001; 174: 141-3
    • (2001) Med J Aust , vol.174 , pp. 141-143
    • Walsh, J.P.1    Stuckey, B.G.2
  • 50
    • 0035821989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased need for thyroxine in women with hypothyroidism during estrogen therapy
    • Arafah BM. Increased need for thyroxine in women with hypothyroidism during estrogen therapy. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1743-9
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , pp. 1743-1749
    • Arafah, B.M.1
  • 51
    • 0027431217 scopus 로고
    • Thyroxine replacement therapy
    • Toft AD. Thyroxine replacement therapy. Ann Acad Med Singapore 1993; 22: 583-6
    • (1993) Ann Acad Med Singapore , vol.22 , pp. 583-586
    • Toft, A.D.1
  • 52
    • 0023894763 scopus 로고
    • Hyperthyroidism following hypothyroidism: Data on six cases
    • Fatourechi V, Gharib H. Hyperthyroidism following hypothyroidism: data on six cases. Arch Intern Med 1988; 148: 976-8
    • (1988) Arch Intern Med , vol.148 , pp. 976-978
    • Fatourechi, V.1    Gharib, H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.