Using mixture covariance matrices to improve face and facial expression recognitions

Pattern Recognition Letters

Volumn 24, Issue 13, 2003, Pages 2159-2165

  Thomaz, Carlos E ^a   Gillies, Duncan F ^a   Feitosa, Raul Q ^b  

^a IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Face recognition; Facial expression recognition; Gaussian maximum probability classifier; Mixture covariance matrix

Indexed keywords

MATRIX ALGEBRA; PROBABILITY;

IMAGE RECOGNITION;

FACE RECOGNITION;

IDENTIFICATION METHOD;

EID: 0038005875     PISSN: 01678655     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8655(03)00085-0     Document Type: Article

References (13)

1. Bishop C.M. Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition 1997 Oxford University Press New York
2. Fukunaga K. Introduction to Statistical Pattern Recognition 1990 Academic Press Boston
3. Golub G.H. Van Loan C.F. Matrix Computations 1989 Johns Hopkins University Press Baltimore
4. Hoffbeck J.P. Landgrebe D.A. Covariance matrix estimation and classification with limited training data IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 18 7 1996 763-767
5. Johnson R.A. Wichern D.W. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis 1998 Prentice Hall New Jersey
6. Kirby M. Sirovich L. Application of the Karhunen-Loeve procedure for the characterization of human faces IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 12 1 1990 103-108
7. Liu, C., Wechsler, H., 2000. Learning the face space--representation and recognition. In: Proc. 15th Internat. Conf. on Pattern Recognition, ICPR'2000
8. Lyons M.J. Budynek J. Akamatsu S. Automatic classification of single facial images IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell. 21 12 1999 1357-1362
9. Magnus J.R. Neudecker H. Matrix Differential Calculus with Applications in Statistics and Econometrics 1999 John Wiley - Sons Ltd. Chichester
10. Thomaz, C.E., Gillies, D.F., Feitosa, R.Q., 2001. Small sample problem in bayes plug-in classifier for image recognition. In: Proc. Internat. Conf. on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand. pp. 295-300
11. Thomaz, C.E., Gillies, D.F., Feitosa, R.Q., 2002. A new quadratic classifier applied to biometric recognition. In: Proc. Post-ECCV Workshop on Biometric Authentication, Springer-Verlag LNCS 2359, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp. 186-196
12. Turk M. Pentland A. Eigenfaces for recognition J. Cognitive Neurosci. 3 1991 71-86
13. Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Krishnaswamy, A., 1998. Discriminant analysis of principal components for face recognition. In: Proc. 2nd Internat. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition. pp. 336-341