Pt-Ru and Pt-Ru-P/carbon nanocomposites: Synthesis, characterization, and unexpected performance as direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) anode catalysts

Journal of Physical Chemistry B

Volumn 107, Issue 23, 2003, Pages 5467-5474

  King, William D ^a   Corn, James D ^a   Murphy, Oliver J ^b   Boxall, Deborah L ^a   Kenik, Edward A ^c   Kwiatkowski, Krzvsztof C ^a   Stock, Stuart R ^d   Lukehart, C M ^a  

^a VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b LYNNTECH INC   (United States)

^c OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^d Georgia Institute of Technology   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CATALYSTS; FUEL CELLS; METHANOL; PHOSPHORUS; PLATINUM ALLOYS; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL);

DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELLS (DMFC);

NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS;

EID: 0038005571     PISSN: 15206106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp030052l     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. (a) Hogarth, M. P.; Ralph, T. R. Platinum Met. Rev. 2002, 46, 146.
2. (b) Ralph, T. R.; Hogarth, M. P. Platinum Met. Rev. 2002, 46, 117.
3. (c) Hamnett, A. Catal. Today 1997, 38, 445.
4. (d) Hogarth, M. P.; Hards, G. A. Platinum Met. Rev. 1996, 40, 150.
5. (e) Chandler, G. K.; Genders, J. D.; Pletcher, D. Platinum Met. Rev. 1997, 41, 54.
6. (f) Ralph, T. R. Platinum Met. Rev. 1997, 41, 102.
7. (g) Hamnett, A.; Troughton, G. L. Chem. Ind. 1992, 480.
8. (h) Ren, X.; Wilson, M. S.; Gottesfeld, S. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1996, 143, L12.
9. (i) Hogarth, M. P.; Christensen, P. A.; Hamnett, A. In New Materials for Fuel Cell Systems I, Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on New Materials for Fuel Cell Systems, Montreal, July 9-13, 1995; 310.
10. (j) Lin, W. F.; Wang, J. T.; Savinell, R. F. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1997, 144, 1917.
11. (k) Gasteiger, H. A.; Markovic, N.; Ross, P. N., Jr.; Cairns, E. J. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1994, 141, 1795.
12. (l) Surampudi, S.; Narayanan, S. R.; Vamos, E.; Frank, H.; Halpert, G.; LaConti, A.; Kosek, J.; Surya Prakash, G. K.; Olah, G. A. J. Power Sources 1994, 47, 377.
13. (m) Wang, K.; Gasteiger, H. A.; Markovic, N. M.; Ross, P. N., Jr. Electrochim. Acta 1996, 41, 2587.
14. (n) Pathanjali, G. A.; Krishnamurthy, B.; Chireau, R. F.; Mital, C. K. Bull. Electrochem. 1996, 12, 193.
15. (a) Reddington, E.; Sapienza, A.; Gurau, B.; Viswanathan, R.; Sarangapani, S.; Smotkin, E. S.; Mallouk, T. E. Science 1998, 250, 1735.
16. (b) Gurau, B.; Viswanathan, R.; Liu, R.; Lafrenz, T.; Lye, K. L.; Smotkin, E. S.; Reddington, E.; Sapienza, A.; Chan, B. C.; Mallouk, T. E.; Sarabgapani, S. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 9997.
17. (c) Gotz, M.; Wendt, H. Electrochim. Acta 1998, 43, 3637.
18. (a) Watanabe, M.; Uchida, M.; Motoo, S. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1987, 229, 395.
19. (b) Nashner, M. S.; Frenkel, A. I.; Adler, D. L.; Shapley, J. R.; Nuzzo, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 7760.
20. (c) Nashner, M. S.; Frenkel, A. I.; Somerville, D.; Hills, C. W.; Shapley, J. R.; Nuzzo, R. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8093.
21. (d) Hills, C. W.; Nashner, M. S.; Frenkel, A. I.; Shapley, J. R.; Nuzzo, R. G. Langmuir 1999, 15, 690.
22. (e) Pan, C.; Dassenoy, F.; Casanove, M. J.; Philippot, K.; Amiens, C.; Lecante, P.; Mosset, A.; Chaudret, B. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 10098.
23. (f) Tess, M. E.; Hill, P. L.; Torraca, K. E.; Kerr, M. E.; Addoud, K. A.; McElwee-White, L. Inorg. Chem. 2000, 39, 3942.
24. (g) Liu, L.; Pu, C.; Viswanathan, R.; Fan, Q.; Liu, R.; Smotkin, E. S. Electrochim. Acta 1998, 43, 3657.
25. (h) Arico, A. S.; Creti, P.; Modica, E.; Monforte, G.; Baglio, V.; Antonucci, V. Electrochim. Acta 2000, 45, 4319.
26. Arico, A. S.; Shukla, A. K.; El-Khatib, K. M.; Creti, P.; Antonucci, V. J. Appl. Electrochem. 1999, 29, 671.
27. Boxall, D. L.; Deluga, G. A.; Kenik, E. A.; King, W. D.; Lukehart, C. M. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 891.
28. (a) Steigerwalt, E. S.; Deluga, G. A.; Cliffel, D. E.; Lukehart, C. M. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 8097.
29. (b) Steigerwalt, E. S.; Deluga, G. A.; Lukehart, C. M. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 760.
30. (a) Lukehart, C. M.; Boxall, D. L.; Corn, J. D.; Hariharasarma, M.; King, W. D.; Kwiatkowski, K. C.; Steigerwalt, E. S.; Kenik, E. A. Prepr. Symp. - Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Fuel Chem. 1999, 44, (4), 982.
31. (b) Boxall, D. L.; Lukehart, C. M.; Kenik, E. A. AES (Am. Soc. Mech. Eng.) 1999, 39, 327.
32. (c) Boxall, D. L.; Kenik, E. A.; Lukehart, C. M. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 2001, 589, 265.
33. (d) Lukehart, C. M. U.S. Patent 6,232,264, May 15, 2001.
34. Chin, D.-T.; Howard, P. D. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1986, 133, 2447.
35. Smithies, A. C.; Schmidt, P.; Orchin, M. Inorg. Synth. 1970, 72, 240.
36. Goodfellow, R. J.; Venanzi, L. M. J. Chem. Soc. 1965, 7533.
37. Price, J. H.; Williamson, A. N.; Schramm, R. F.; Wayland, B. B. Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 1280.
38. Cox, D. N.; Roulet, R. Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 1360.
39. Nallas, G. N. A.; Jones, S. W.; Brewer, K. J. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 6974.
40. Klug, H. P.; Alexander, L. E. X-ray Diffraction Procedures for Polycrystalline and Amorphous Materials, Second Edition; Wiley: New York, 1974.
41. Sahai, R.; Rillema, D. P. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1986, 118, L35.
42. Severin, K.; Polborn, K.; Beck, W. Inorg. Chim. Acta 1995, 240, 339.
43. Steigerwalt, E. S.; Deluga, G. A.; Lukehart, C. M. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 760.
44. Radmilovic, V.; Gasteiger, H. A.; Ross, P. N., Jr. J. Catal. 1995, 154, 98.
45. Lukehart, C. M.; Milne, S. B.; Stock, S. R. Chem. Mater. 1998, 10, 903.
46. Kwiatkowski, K. C., Ph.D. Thesis, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 2000.
47. von Schnering, H. G.; Honle, W. Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry; John Wiley and Sons: Chichester, U.K., 1994; Vol. 6, p 3106.
48. Solorza-Feria, O.; Ellmer, K.; Giersig, M.; Alonso-Vante, N. Electrochim. Acta 1994, 39, 1647.
49. Reeve, R. W.; Christensten, P. A.; Hamnett, A.; Haydock, S. A.; Roy, S. C. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1998, 145, 3463.