메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 41, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 617-627

Laboratory quality control: Using patient data to assess analytical performance

Author keywords

Anion gap; Average of normals; Delta check; Laboratory error; Quality control; Six Sigma

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ANION GAP; CLINICAL LABORATORY; COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE; LABORATORY AUTOMATION; LABORATORY TEST; PATIENT INFORMATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIABILITY; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; REVIEW; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0038003715     PISSN: 14346621     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1515/CCLM.2003.093     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (52)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 0031005668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thoughts on quality-control systems: A laboratorian's perspective
    • Cembrowski GS. Thoughts on quality-control systems: a laboratorian's perspective. Clin Chem 1997; 43:886-92.
    • (1997) Clin. Chem. , vol.43 , pp. 886-892
    • Cembrowski, G.S.1
  • 2
    • 0031003803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality for tomorrow: By design or by checking
    • Garber CC, Witte DL. Quality for tomorrow: by design or by checking. Clin Chem 1997; 43:864-5.
    • (1997) Clin. Chem. , vol.43 , pp. 864-865
    • Garber, C.C.1    Witte, D.L.2
  • 3
    • 0003550245 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory quality management
    • Chicago, IL: ASCP Press
    • Cembrowski GS, Carey RN. Laboratory quality management. Chicago, IL: ASCP Press, 1989.
    • (1989)
    • Cembrowski, G.S.1    Carey, R.N.2
  • 4
    • 0030993055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining the best quality-control systems by design and inspection
    • Hinckley CM. Defining the best quality-control systems by design and inspection. Clin Chem 1997; 43:873-9.
    • (1997) Clin. Chem. , vol.43 , pp. 873-879
    • Hinckley, C.M.1
  • 6
    • 76549221753 scopus 로고
    • The use of control charts in the clinical laboratory
    • Levey S, Jennings ER. The use of control charts in the clinical laboratory. Am J Clin Pathol 1950; 20:1059-66.
    • (1950) Am. J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.20 , pp. 1059-1066
    • Levey, S.1    Jennings, E.R.2
  • 7
    • 0022980940 scopus 로고
    • New directions in quality control. Part II. New QC systems
    • Steindel JS. New directions in quality control. Part II. new QC systems. Lab Med 1986; 17:529-31.
    • (1986) Lab. Med. , vol.17 , pp. 529-531
    • Steindel, J.S.1
  • 8
    • 0030905190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical laboratory quality control: A costly process now out of control
    • Howanitz PJ, Tetrault GA, Steindel SJ. Clinical laboratory quality control: a costly process now out of control. Clin Chim Acta 1997; 260:163-74.
    • (1997) Clin. Chim. Acta , vol.260 , pp. 163-174
    • Howanitz, P.J.1    Tetrault, G.A.2    Steindel, S.J.3
  • 10
    • 0031022102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated selection of statistical quality-control procedures to assure meeting clinical or analytical quality requirements
    • Westgard JO, Stein B. Automated selection of statistical quality-control procedures to assure meeting clinical or analytical quality requirements. Clin Chem 1997; 43:400-3.
    • (1997) Clin. Chem. , vol.43 , pp. 400-403
    • Westgard, J.O.1    Stein, B.2
  • 11
    • 0037553785 scopus 로고
    • Q probe 94-08. Daily quality control exception practices
    • Chicago: College of American Pathologists
    • Tetrault GA, Steindel SJ. Q probe 94-08. Daily quality control exception practices. Chicago: College of American Pathologists, 1994.
    • (1994)
    • Tetrault, G.A.1    Steindel, S.J.2
  • 12
    • 0019796502 scopus 로고
    • A multi-rule Shewhart chart for quality control in clinical chemistry
    • Westgard JO, Barry PL, Hunt MR, Groth T. A multi-rule Shewhart chart for quality control in clinical chemistry. Clin Chem 1981; 27:493-501.
    • (1981) Clin. Chem. , vol.27 , pp. 493-501
    • Westgard, J.O.1    Barry, P.L.2    Hunt, M.R.3    Groth, T.4
  • 13
    • 0031107893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality control for the clinical chemistry laboratory
    • Ohman S. Quality control for the clinical chemistry laboratory. Quality Assur 1997; 5:79-93.
    • (1997) Quality Assur. , vol.5 , pp. 79-93
    • Ohman, S.1
  • 14
    • 0003521027 scopus 로고
    • Cost-effective quality control: Managing the quality and productivity of analytical processes
    • Washington, DC: AACC Press
    • Westgard JO, Barry PL. Cost-effective quality control: managing the quality and productivity of analytical processes. Washington, DC: AACC Press, 1986:240pp.
    • (1986) , pp. 240
    • Westgard, J.O.1    Barry, P.L.2
  • 15
    • 0024595733 scopus 로고
    • Choosing quality-control systems to detect maximum clinically allowable analytical errors
    • Linnet K. Choosing quality-control systems to detect maximum clinically allowable analytical errors. Clin Chem 1989; 35:284-8.
    • (1989) Clin. Chem. , vol.35 , pp. 284-288
    • Linnet, K.1
  • 16
    • 0025058894 scopus 로고
    • Selection of medically useful quality-control procedures for individual tests done in a multitest analytical system
    • Koch DD, Oryall JJ, Quam EF, Feldbruegge DH, Dowd DE, Barry PL, et al. Selection of medically useful quality-control procedures for individual tests done in a multitest analytical system. Clin Chem 1990; 36:230-3.
    • (1990) Clin. Chem. , vol.36 , pp. 230-233
    • Koch, D.D.1    Oryall, J.J.2    Quam, E.F.3    Feldbruegge, D.H.4    Dowd, D.E.5    Barry, P.L.6
  • 17
    • 0025175580 scopus 로고
    • Predicting effects of QC practices on the cost-effective operation of a multitest analytical system
    • Westgard JO, Oryall JJ, Koch DD. Predicting effects of QC practices on the cost-effective operation of a multitest analytical system. Clin Chem 1990; 36:1760-4.
    • (1990) Clin. Chem. , vol.36 , pp. 1760-1764
    • Westgard, J.O.1    Oryall, J.J.2    Koch, D.D.3
  • 18
    • 0025016215 scopus 로고
    • Quality control selection grids (QCSGs) for planning QC procedures
    • Westgard JO, Quam EF, Barry PL. Quality control selection grids (QCSGs) for planning QC procedures. J Clin Lab Sci 1990; 3:271-8.
    • (1990) J. Clin. Lab. Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 271-278
    • Westgard, J.O.1    Quam, E.F.2    Barry, P.L.3
  • 19
    • 0026697962 scopus 로고
    • Charts of operational process specifications ("OPSpecs charts") for assessing the precision, accuracy, and quality control needed to satisfy proficiency testing criteria
    • Westgard JO. Charts of operational process specifications ("OPSpecs charts") for assessing the precision, accuracy, and quality control needed to satisfy proficiency testing criteria. Clin Chem 1992; 38:1226-33.
    • (1992) Clin. Chem. , vol.38 , pp. 1226-1233
    • Westgard, J.O.1
  • 20
    • 0030948606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A conceptual model for establishing tolerance limits for analytical bias and imprecision based on variations in population test distributions
    • Klee G. A conceptual model for establishing tolerance limits for analytical bias and imprecision based on variations in population test distributions. Clin Chim Acta 1997; 260:175-88.
    • (1997) Clin. Chim. Acta , vol.260 , pp. 175-188
    • Klee, G.1
  • 22
    • 84943999500 scopus 로고
    • Proposed quality specifications for the imprecision and inaccuracy of analytical systems for clinical chemistry
    • Fraser CG, Petersen PH, Ricos C, Haeckel R. Proposed quality specifications for the imprecision and inaccuracy of analytical systems for clinical chemistry. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1992; 30:311-7.
    • (1992) Eur. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. , vol.30 , pp. 311-317
    • Fraser, C.G.1    Petersen, P.H.2    Ricos, C.3    Haeckel, R.4
  • 23
    • 0027272638 scopus 로고
    • Analytical goals developed from the inherent error of medical tests
    • Ross JW, Fraser MD. Analytical goals developed from the inherent error of medical tests. Clin Chem 1993; 39:1481-93.
    • (1993) Clin. Chem. , vol.39 , pp. 1481-1493
    • Ross, J.W.1    Fraser, M.D.2
  • 24
    • 0024238335 scopus 로고
    • Analytical goals for the acceptance of common reference intervals for laboratories throughout a geographical area
    • Gowans EM, Hyltoft Petersen P, Blaabjerg O, Hørder M. Analytical goals for the acceptance of common reference intervals for laboratories throughout a geographical area. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1988; 48:757-64.
    • (1988) Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. , vol.48 , pp. 757-764
    • Gowans, E.M.1    Hyltoft Petersen, P.2    Blaabjerg, O.3    Hørder, M.4
  • 27
    • 0025094181 scopus 로고
    • Automated system for positive specimen identification and handling
    • Whisler K, Maffetone M, Watt S. Automated system for positive specimen identification and handling. Clin Chem 1990; 36:1587-8.
    • (1990) Clin. Chem. , vol.36 , pp. 1587-1588
    • Whisler, K.1    Maffetone, M.2    Watt, S.3
  • 28
    • 0026748330 scopus 로고
    • Quantification of errors in laboratory reports. A quality improvement study of the College of American Pathologists' Q-Probes program
    • Howanitz PJ, Walker K, Bachner P. Quantification of errors in laboratory reports. A quality improvement study of the College of American Pathologists' Q-Probes program. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1992; 116:694-700.
    • (1992) Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. , vol.116 , pp. 694-700
    • Howanitz, P.J.1    Walker, K.2    Bachner, P.3
  • 29
    • 0025071058 scopus 로고
    • Mathematical implications of inadvertent sample swapping and the perception of apparent rates of gross error
    • Soloway HB, Kaplan HS. Mathematical implications of inadvertent sample swapping and the perception of apparent rates of gross error. Clin Chem 1990; 36:1525-6.
    • (1990) Clin. Chem. , vol.36 , pp. 1525-1526
    • Soloway, H.B.1    Kaplan, H.S.2
  • 31
    • 0037117009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wrong biochemistry results: Interdepartmental cooperation may help avoid errors in medical laboratories
    • [letter]
    • Plebani M, Bonini P. Wrong biochemistry results: interdepartmental cooperation may help avoid errors in medical laboratories [letter]. Br Med J 2002; 324:423-4.
    • (2002) Br. Med. J. , vol.324 , pp. 423-424
    • Plebani, M.1    Bonini, P.2
  • 32
    • 0000087223 scopus 로고
    • Gross errors and work flow analysis in the clinical laboratory
    • Goldschmidt HMJ, Lent RW. Gross errors and work flow analysis in the clinical laboratory. Klin Biochem Metab 1995; 3:131-40.
    • (1995) Klin. Biochem. Metab. , vol.3 , pp. 131-140
    • Goldschmidt, H.M.J.1    Lent, R.W.2
  • 33
    • 0030797124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mistakes in a stat laboratory: Types and frequency
    • Plebani M, Carraro P. Mistakes in a stat laboratory: types and frequency. Clin Chem 1997; 43:1348-51.
    • (1997) Clin. Chem. , vol.43 , pp. 1348-1351
    • Plebani, M.1    Carraro, P.2
  • 34
    • 0242496649 scopus 로고
    • Assessing the effects of mistakes in the total testing process on the quality of patient care
    • [abstract 102]. Martin L, Wagner W, Essien JDK, editors. 1989 institute on critical issues in health laboratory practice. Minneapolis, MN: DuPont Press
    • Ross JW, Boone DJ. Assessing the effects of mistakes in the total testing process on the quality of patient care [abstract 102]. In: Martin L, Wagner W, Essien JDK, editors. 1989 institute on critical issues in health laboratory practice. Minneapolis, MN: DuPont Press, 1991.
    • (1991)
    • Ross, J.W.1    Boone, D.J.2
  • 35
    • 0029611713 scopus 로고
    • Transfusion medicine monitoring practices
    • A study of the College of American Pathologists/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Outcomes Working Group
    • Boone DJ, Steindel SD, Herron R, Howanitz PJ, Bachner P, Meier F, et al. Transfusion medicine monitoring practices. A study of the College of American Pathologists/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Outcomes Working Group. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1995; 119:999-1006.
    • (1995) Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. , vol.119 , pp. 999-1006
    • Boone, D.J.1    Steindel, S.D.2    Herron, R.3    Howanitz, P.J.4    Bachner, P.5    Meier, F.6
  • 38
    • 0030857166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Errors, mistakes, blunders, outliers, or unacceptable results: How many?
    • Witte DL, VanNess SA, Angstadt DS, Pennell BJ. Errors, mistakes, blunders, outliers, or unacceptable results: how many? Clin Chem 1997; 43:1352-6.
    • (1997) Clin. Chem. , vol.43 , pp. 1352-1356
    • Witte, D.L.1    VanNess, S.A.2    Angstadt, D.S.3    Pennell, B.J.4
  • 39
    • 0027301519 scopus 로고
    • Governmental perspectives on evaluating laboratory performance
    • Boone DJ. Governmental perspectives on evaluating laboratory performance. Clin Chem 1993; 39:1461-7.
    • (1993) Clin. Chem. , vol.39 , pp. 1461-1467
    • Boone, D.J.1
  • 40
    • 0037891713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Achieving defect rates of less than one part per million
    • Gambino R. Achieving defect rates of less than one part per million. Lab Report 1996; 18:41-5.
    • (1996) Lab. Report , vol.18 , pp. 41-45
    • Gambino, R.1
  • 42
    • 0003581804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Six Sigma: The Breakthrough Management Strategy Revolutionizing the World's Top Corporations
    • New York: Currency
    • Harry M, Schroeder R. Six Sigma: The Breakthrough Management Strategy Revolutionizing the World's Top Corporations. New York: Currency, 2000.
    • (2000)
    • Harry, M.1    Schroeder, R.2
  • 44
    • 0027164352 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory error undetectable by customary quality control/quality assurance monitors
    • Kazmierczak SC, Catrou PG. Laboratory error undetectable by customary quality control/quality assurance monitors. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1993; 117:714-8.
    • (1993) Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. , vol.117 , pp. 714-718
    • Kazmierczak, S.C.1    Catrou, P.G.2
  • 45
    • 0030447597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reasons for proficiency testing failures in clinical chemistry and blood gas analysis
    • Steindel SJ, Howanitz PJ, Renner SW. Reasons for proficiency testing failures in clinical chemistry and blood gas analysis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1996; 120:1094-101.
    • (1996) Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. , vol.120 , pp. 1094-1101
    • Steindel, S.J.1    Howanitz, P.J.2    Renner, S.W.3
  • 46
    • 84957355141 scopus 로고
    • A survey of the accuracy of chemical analyses in clinical laboratories
    • (reprinted in Arch Pathol Lab Med 1988; 112:320-6.)
    • Belk WP, Sunderman FW. A survey of the accuracy of chemical analyses in clinical laboratories. Am J Clin Pathol 1947 (reprinted in Arch Pathol Lab Med 1988; 112:320-6.)
    • (1947) Am. J. Clin. Pathol.
    • Belk, W.P.1    Sunderman, F.W.2
  • 47
    • 0016585365 scopus 로고
    • Accurate estimation of standard deviations for quantitative methods used in clinical chemistry
    • Burnett RW. Accurate estimation of standard deviations for quantitative methods used in clinical chemistry. Clin Chem 1975; 21:1935-8.
    • (1975) Clin. Chem. , vol.21 , pp. 1935-1938
    • Burnett, R.W.1
  • 48
    • 0010771841 scopus 로고
    • The confusion over six-sigma quality
    • Tadikamalla PR. The confusion over six-sigma quality. Qual Prog 1994; 27:83-5.
    • (1994) Qual. Prog. , vol.27 , pp. 83-85
    • Tadikamalla, P.R.1
  • 49
    • 0016147031 scopus 로고
    • A study of various estimators for the derivation of quality control procedures from patient erythrocyte indices
    • Bull BS, Elashoff RM, Heilbron DC, Couperus J. A study of various estimators for the derivation of quality control procedures from patient erythrocyte indices. Am J Clin Pathol 1974; 61:473-81.
    • (1974) Am. J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.61 , pp. 473-481
    • Bull, B.S.1    Elashoff, R.M.2    Heilbron, D.C.3    Couperus, J.4
  • 50
    • 0003550245 scopus 로고
    • Quality control procedures employing patient data
    • Cembrowski GS, Carey RN, editors. Chicago, IL: ASCP Press
    • Cembrowski GS, Carey RN. Quality control procedures employing patient data. In: Cembrowski GS, Carey RN, editors. Laboratory quality management. Chicago, IL: ASCP Press; 1989:133-64.
    • (1989) Laboratory Quality Management , pp. 133-164
    • Cembrowski, G.S.1    Carey, R.N.2
  • 51
    • 0021342509 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of "average of normals" Quality control procedures and guidelines for implementation
    • Cembrowski GS, Chandler EP, Westgard JO. Assessment of "average of normals" quality control procedures and guidelines for implementation. Am J Clin Pathol 1984; 81:492-9.
    • (1984) Am. J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.81 , pp. 492-499
    • Cembrowski, G.S.1    Chandler, E.P.2    Westgard, J.O.3
  • 52
    • 0016616245 scopus 로고
    • Patients as their own controls: Use of the computer to identify "laboratory error"
    • Ladenson JH. Patients as their own controls: use of the computer to identify "laboratory error". Clin Chem 1975; 21:1648-53.
    • (1975) Clin. Chem. , vol.21 , pp. 1648-1653
    • Ladenson, J.H.1
  • 56
    • 0025044540 scopus 로고
    • Critical limits for urgent clinician notification at US medical centers
    • Kost GJ. Critical limits for urgent clinician notification at US medical centers. J Am Med Assoc 1990; 263:704-7.
    • (1990) J. Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.263 , pp. 704-707
    • Kost, G.J.1
  • 57
    • 0026080160 scopus 로고
    • Critical limits for emergency clinician notification at United States children's hospitals
    • Kost GJ. Critical limits for emergency clinician notification at United States children's hospitals. Pediatrics 1991; 88:597-603.
    • (1991) Pediatrics , vol.88 , pp. 597-603
    • Kost, G.J.1
  • 58
    • 0016427262 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of discrepancies in patients' results - An aspect of computer-assisted quality control
    • Whitehurst P, Di Silvio TV, Boyadjian G. Evaluation of discrepancies in patients' results - an aspect of computer-assisted quality control. Clin Chem 1975; 21:87-92.
    • (1975) Clin. Chem. , vol.21 , pp. 87-92
    • Whitehurst, P.1    Di Silvio, T.V.2    Boyadjian, G.3
  • 60
    • 0030975029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The serum anion gap. Has the reference interval really fallen?
    • Roberts WL, Johnson RD. The serum anion gap. Has the reference interval really fallen? Arch Pathol Lab Med 1997; 121:568-72.
    • (1997) Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. , vol.121 , pp. 568-572
    • Roberts, W.L.1    Johnson, R.D.2
  • 61
    • 0035038418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on value of the anion gap in clinical diagnosis and laboratory evaluation
    • Lolekha PH, Vanavanan S, Lolekha S. Update on value of the anion gap in clinical diagnosis and laboratory evaluation. Clin Chim Acta 2001; 307:33-6.
    • (2001) Clin. Chim. Acta , vol.307 , pp. 33-36
    • Lolekha, P.H.1    Vanavanan, S.2    Lolekha, S.3
  • 65
    • 0019382381 scopus 로고
    • A clinical evaluation of various delta check methods
    • Wheeler LA, Sheiner LD. A clinical evaluation of various delta check methods. Clin Chem 1981; 27:5-9.
    • (1981) Clin. Chem. , vol.27 , pp. 5-9
    • Wheeler, L.A.1    Sheiner, L.D.2
  • 67
    • 0020376264 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate delta check method for detecting specimen mix-up
    • Iizuka Y, Kume H, Kitamura M. Multivariate delta check method for detecting specimen mix-up. Clin Chem 1982; 28:2244-8.
    • (1982) Clin. Chem. , vol.28 , pp. 2244-2248
    • Iizuka, Y.1    Kume, H.2    Kitamura, M.3
  • 68
    • 0023214338 scopus 로고
    • Quality performance in the physician's office
    • Ng RH. Quality performance in the physician's office. Med Clin North Am 1987; 71:677-90.
    • (1987) Med. Clin. North Am. , vol.71 , pp. 677-690
    • Ng, R.H.1
  • 69
    • 0025373027 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate interpretation of laboratory tests used in monitoring patients
    • Slotnick HB, Etzell P. Multivariate interpretation of laboratory tests used in monitoring patients. Clin Chem 1990; 36:748-51.
    • (1990) Clin. Chem. , vol.36 , pp. 748-751
    • Slotnick, H.B.1    Etzell, P.2
  • 71
    • 0030021379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exponentially adjusted moving mean procedure for quality control - An optimized patient sample control procedure
    • Smith FA, Kroft SH. Exponentially adjusted moving mean procedure for quality control - an optimized patient sample control procedure. Am J Clin Pathol 1996; 105:44-51.
    • (1996) Am. J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.105 , pp. 44-51
    • Smith, F.A.1    Kroft, S.H.2
  • 72
    • 0021984054 scopus 로고
    • Quality control of multi-channel hematology analyzers: Evaluation of Bull's algorithm
    • Cembrowski GS, Westgard JO. Quality control of multi-channel hematology analyzers: evaluation of Bull's algorithm. Am J Clin Pathol 1985; 83:337-45.
    • (1985) Am. J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.83 , pp. 337-345
    • Cembrowski, G.S.1    Westgard, J.O.2
  • 73
    • 0022585359 scopus 로고
    • Preserved blood versus patient data for quality control - Bull's algorithm revisited
    • Levy WC, Hay KL, Bull BS. Preserved blood versus patient data for quality control - Bull's algorithm revisited. Am J Clin Pathol 1986; 85:719-21.
    • (1986) Am. J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.85 , pp. 719-721
    • Levy, W.C.1    Hay, K.L.2    Bull, B.S.3
  • 74
    • 0034002575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance evaluation and planning for patient-based quality control procedures
    • Ye JJ, Ingels SC, Parvin CA. Performance evaluation and planning for patient-based quality control procedures. Am J Clin Pathol 2000; 113:240-8.
    • (2000) Am. J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.113 , pp. 240-248
    • Ye, J.J.1    Ingels, S.C.2    Parvin, C.A.3
  • 75
    • 0038229155 scopus 로고
    • The "average of normals" method of quality control
    • Hoffman RG, Waid ME. The "average of normals" method of quality control. Am J Clin Pathol 1965; 43:134-41.
    • (1965) Am. J. Clin. Pathol. , vol.43 , pp. 134-141
    • Hoffman, R.G.1    Waid, M.E.2
  • 76
    • 0022568698 scopus 로고
    • The influences of the between- and within-run components of variation on the mean rule
    • Douville P, Cembrowski GS, Strauss JF. The influences of the between- and within-run components of variation on the mean rule. J Autom Chem 1986; 8:85-8.
    • (1986) J. Autom. Chem. , vol.8 , pp. 85-88
    • Douville, P.1    Cembrowski, G.S.2    Strauss, J.F.3
  • 77
    • 0020622243 scopus 로고
    • Performance of the Hitachi 705 evaluated
    • Douville P, Forest JC. Performance of the Hitachi 705 evaluated. Clin Chem 1983; 29:692-6.
    • (1983) Clin. Chem. , vol.29 , pp. 692-696
    • Douville, P.1    Forest, J.C.2
  • 78
    • 0029904528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and assessment of average of normals (AON) patient data algorithms to maximize run lengths for automatic process control
    • Westgard JO, Smith FA, Mountain PJ, Boss S. Design and assessment of average of normals (AON) patient data algorithms to maximize run lengths for automatic process control. Clin Chem 1996; 42:1683-8.
    • (1996) Clin. Chem. , vol.42 , pp. 1683-1688
    • Westgard, J.O.1    Smith, F.A.2    Mountain, P.J.3    Boss, S.4
  • 79
    • 0014739427 scopus 로고
    • Use of patient data for quality control of clinical laboratory tests
    • Reed AH. Use of patient data for quality control of clinical laboratory tests. Clin Chem 1970; 16:129-34.
    • (1970) Clin. Chem. , vol.16 , pp. 129-134
    • Reed, A.H.1
  • 80
    • 0029903171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of medians and "average of normals" of patient's data for assessment of long-term analytical stability
    • Lott JA, Smith DA, Mitchell LC, Moeschberger ML. Use of medians and "average of normals" of patient's data for assessment of long-term analytical stability. Clin Chem 1996; 42:888-92.
    • (1996) Clin. Chem. , vol.42 , pp. 888-892
    • Lott, J.A.1    Smith, D.A.2    Mitchell, L.C.3    Moeschberger, M.L.4
  • 81
    • 0023197836 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the average of patients: Application to endocrine assays
    • Douville P, Cembrowski GS, Strauss JF. Evaluation of the average of patients: application to endocrine assays. Clin Chim Acta 1987; 167:173-85.
    • (1987) Clin. Chim. Acta , vol.167 , pp. 173-185
    • Douville, P.1    Cembrowski, G.S.2    Strauss, J.F.3
  • 83
    • 0014061349 scopus 로고
    • A simple method of resolution of a distribution into Gaussian components
    • Bhattacharya C. A simple method of resolution of a distribution into Gaussian components. Biometrics 1967; 23: 115-35.
    • (1967) Biometrics , vol.23 , pp. 115-135
    • Bhattacharya, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.