Urea hydrolysis and precipitation dynamics in a urine-collecting system

Water Research

Volumn 37, Issue 11, 2003, Pages 2571-2582

  Udert, Kai M ^a   Larsen, Tove A ^a   Biebow, Martin ^a   Gujer, Willi ^a  

^a SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Calcium phosphate; NoMix; Precipitation; Struvite; Ureolysis; Urine separation

Indexed keywords

BACTERIA; CHEMICAL REACTORS; HYDROLYSIS; PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL); SUPERSATURATION;

PRECURSOR PHASE;

UREA;

BACTERIAL ENZYME; CALCIUM PHOSPHATE; HYDROXYAPATITE; STRUVITE; UREA; UREASE;

HYDROLYSIS; HYDROXYAPATITE; PRECIPITATION; UREA; WASTEWATER;

ARTICLE; COMPUTER MODEL; COMPUTER SIMULATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; HYDROLYSIS; MEASUREMENT; MICROBIAL ACTIVITY; NONHUMAN; PRECIPITATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SANITATION; SEPARATION TECHNIQUE; SEPTIC TANK; SOLID; STORAGE; URINE;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 0037992700     PISSN: 00431354     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00065-4     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Larsen T.A., Peters I., Alder A., Eggen R., Maurer M., Muncke J. Re-engineering the toilet for sustainable wastewater management. Environ Sci Technol. 35(9):2001;192A-197A.
2. Hellström D., Johansson E. Swedish experiences with urine separating systems. Wasser & Boden. 51(11):1999;26-29.
3. Udert KM, Larsen TA, Gujer W. Biologically induced precipitation in urine-collecting systems. Presented at the Second IWA World Congress in Melbourne 2002. Water Sci Technol, 2003, submitted for publication.
4. Udert KM, Larsen TA, Gujer W. Estimating the precipitation potential in urine-collecting systems. Water Res 2003.
5. Mobley H.L.T., Hausinger R.P. Microbial ureases. significance, regulation, and molecular characterization Microbiol Rev. 53(1):1989;85-108.
6. Gleeson M.J., Griffith D.P. Infection stones. Resnick M.I., Pak C.Y.C. Urolithiasis. A medical and surgical reference. 1990;113-132 W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
7. Hasan H.A.H. Ureolytic microorganisms and soil fertility. a review Commun Soil Sci Plan. 31(15-16):2000;2565-2589.
8. Mobley H.L.T., Island M.D., Hausinger R.P. Molecular biology of microbial ureases. Microbiol Rev. 59(3):1995;451-480.
9. Andrews R.K., Blakeley R.L., Zerner B. Urea and urease. Eichhorn G.L., Marzilli L.G. Advances in inorganic biochemistry. Vol. 6:1984;245-283 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
10. Stumm W. Chemistry of the solid-water interface. 1992;Wiley, New York.
11. Nancollas G.H. The nucleation and growth of phosphate minerals. Nriagu J.O., Moore P.B. Phosphate minerals. 1984;137-154 Springer, Berlin.
12. Nancollas G.H. The growth of crystals in solution. Adv Colloid Interfac. 10:1979;215-252.
13. Heughebaert J.C., Nancollas G.H. Kinetics of crystallization of octacalcium phosphate. J Phys Chem. 88(12):1984;2478-2481.
14. Meyer H.J. The influence of impurities on the growth rate of calcite. J Cryst Growth. 66(3):1984;639-646.
15. Elliott J.C. Structure and chemistry of the apatites and other calcium orthophosphates. 1994;Elsevier, Amsterdam.
16. Wierzbicki A., Sallis J.D., Stevens E.D., Smith M., Sikes C.S. Crystal growth and molecular modeling studies of inhibition of struvite by phosphocitrate. Calcified Tissue Int. 61(3):1997;216-222.
17. Nancollas G.H., Zhang J. Formation and dissolution mechanisms of calcium phosphates in aqueous systems. Brown P.W., Constantz B. Hydroxyapatite and related materials. 1994;73-82 CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
18. Abbona F., Madsen H.E.L., Boistelle R. Crystallisation of two magnesium phosphates, struvite and newberyite. effect of pH and concentration J Cryst Growth. 57(1):1982;6-14.
19. APHA. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 19th ed. Washington DC: American Public Health Association and American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation, 1995.
20. Reichert P. Aquasim 2.0 - User Manual. Dübendorf, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), 1998.
21. Stumm W., Morgan J.J. Aquatic chemistry. 3rd ed:1996;Wiley, New York.
22. von Steiger B., Nowack K., Schulin R. Spatial variation of urease activity measured in soil monitoring. J Environ Qual. 25(6):1996;1285-1290.
23. Höglund C., Stenström T.A., Jönsson H., Sundin A. Evaluation of faecal contamination and microbial die-off in urine separating systems. Water Sci Technol. 38(6):1998;17-25.
24. Bouropoulos N.C., Koutsoukos P.G. Spontaneous precipitation of struvite from aqueous solutions. J Cryst Growth. 213(3-4):2000;381-388.
25. Salimi M.H., Heughebaert J.C., Nancollas G.H. Crystal growth of calcium phosphates in the presence of magnesium ions. Langmuir. 1(1):1985;119-122.
26. Brown W.E., Mathew M., Tung T.S. Crystal-chemistry of octacalcium phosphate. Prog Cryst Growth Ch. 4(1-2):1981;59-87.