The carbonate-hosted Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, County Tipperary, Ireland

Economic Geology

Volumn 97, Issue 8, 2002, Pages 1627-1655

  Hitzman, M W ^a   Redmond, P B ^b   Beaty, D W ^c  

^a Department of Geology and Geological Engineering   (United States)

^b STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

METAL ZONING;

CARBONATES; DISSOLUTION; MINERALOGY; PRECIPITATION (CHEMICAL);

GEOLOGY;

CARBONATE; CARBONIFEROUS; DOLOMITIZATION; GOLD; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; LEAD; MINERALIZATION; SULFIDE; ZINC;

IRELAND;

EID: 0037991519     PISSN: 03610128     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2113/gsecongeo.97.8.1627     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Anderson, G.M., and Macqueen, R.W., 1982. Ore deposits models-6. Mississippi Valley-type lead zinc deposits: Geoscience Canada, v. 9, p. 108-117.
2. Anderson, I.K., Ashton, J.H., Boyce, A.J., Fallick, A.E., and Russell, M.J.; 1998. Ore depositional processes in the Navan Zn + Pb deposit, Ireland: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 93, p. 535-561.
3. Andrew, C.J., 1986. The tectono-stratigraphic controls to mineralization in the Silvermines area, County Tipperary, Ireland, in Andrew, C.J., Crowe, R.W.A., Finlay, S., Pennell, W.M., and Pyne, J.F., eds., Geology and Genesis of Mineral Deposits in Ireland: Dublin, Irish Association for Economic Geology, p. 377-418.
4. Andrew, C.J., 1993, Mineralization in the Irish Midlands, in Patrick, R.A.D., and Polya, D.A., eds., Mineralization in the British Isles: London, Chapman and Hall, p. 208-269.
5. Andrew, C.J., and Ashton, J.H., 1985, The regional setting, geology and metal distribution patterns of the Navan orebody, Ireland: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (London) Transactions, section B, v. 94, p. 70-76.
6. Ashton, J.H., Black, A., Geraghty, J., Holdstock, M., and Hyland, E., 1992, The geological setting and metal distribution patterns of Zn/Pb/Fe mineralization in the Navan boulder conglomerate, in Bowden, A., Earls, G., O'. Connor, P., and Pyne, J., eds., The Irish Minerals Industry 1980-1990: Dublin, Irish Association for Economic Geology, p. 171-210.
7. Ashton, J.H., Downing, D.T., and Finlay, S., 1986, The geology of the Navan Zn-Pb orebody, in Andrew, C.J., Crowe, R. W. A., Finlay, S., Pennell, W. M., and Pyne, J. F., eds., Geology and Genesis of Mineral Deposits in Ireland: Dublin, Irish Association for Economic Geology, p. 243-280.
8. Beaty, D.W., Allan, J.R., and Hitzman, M.W., 1991, The relationship of dolomitization and mineralization at the Lisheen deposits, south central Ireland [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, p. A 172.
9. Boast, A.M., Coleman, M.L., and Halls, C., 1981, Textural and stable isotopic evidence for the genesis of the Tynagh base metal deposit, Ireland: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 76, p. 27-55.
10. Browne, M.L., and Reid, C.G.R., 1984, Mineral deposits of Ireland (map): 1:1,000,000, CSA Ltd., Dublin.
11. Brück, P.M., Colthurst, J.R., Feely, M., Gardiner, P.R.R., Penney, S.R., Reeves, T.J., Shannon, P.M., Smith, D.G., and Vanguestaine, M., 1979, South-east Ireland: Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy and depositional history, in Harris, A.L., Holland, C.H., and Leake, B.E., eds., The Caledonides of the British Isles, Reviewed: Geological Society of London Special Publication S, p. 433-444.
12. Chadwick, R.A., Evans, D.J., and Halliday, D.W., 1993, The Maryport fault: The post-Caledonian tectonic history of southern Britain in microcosm: Geological Society of London Journal, v. 150, p. 247-250.
13. Clifford, J.A., Ryan, P., and Kucha, H., 1986, A review of the geological setting of the Tynagh orebody, Co. Galway, in Andrew, C.J., Crowe, R.W.A., Finlay, S., Pennell, W.M., and Pyne, J.F., eds., Geology and Genesis of Mineral Deposits in Ireland: Dublin, Irish Association for Economic Geology, p. 419-439.
14. Crowley, J.K., 1986, Visible and near-infrared spectra of carbonate rocks: Reflectance variations related to petrographic texture and impurities: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 91, p. 5001-5012.
15. Cruise, M.D., 2000, Iron oxide and associated base metal mineralisation in the central Midlands basin, Ireland: Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Dublin, Trinity College, 509 p.
16. Cruise, M.D., Boyce, A.J., Fallick, A.E., 1999, Iron-oxide alteration associated with the carbonate-hosted Tynagh and Crinkill base-metal deposits, Ireland: Evidence for the involvement of dissolved atmospheric oxygen, in Stanley, C.J. et al., (eds.), Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 833-836.
17. Dickson, J.A.D., 1966, Carbonate identification and genesis as revealed by staining: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 36, p. 491-505.
18. Doyle, E., and Bowden, A.A., 1995, Field guide to the Galmony zinc-lead deposits, Co. Kilkenny, in Anderson, K., Ashton, J., Earls, G., Hitzman, M., and Tear, S., eds., Irish Carbonate-Hosted Zn-Pb Deposits: Society of Economic Geologists Guidebook Series, v. 21, p. 139-146.
19. Doyle, E., Bowden, A.A., Jones, G.V., and Stanley, G.A., 1992, The geology of the Galmony deposits, in Bowden, A., Earls, G., O'Connor, P., and Pyne, J., eds., The Irish Minerals Industry 1980-1990: Dublin, Irish Association for Economic Geology, p. 211-225.
20. Earls, G., 1994, The Lisheen Zn-Pb deposit: Mining Magazine, July, p. 6-8.
21. Everett, C.E., Wilkinson, J.J., and Rye, D.M., 1999, Fracture-controlled fluid flow in the lower Palaeozoic basement rocks of Ireland: Implications for the genesis of Irish-type Zn-Pb deposits, in McCaffery, K., Lonergan, L., and Wilkinson, J., eds., Fractures, Fluid Flow and Mineralization: Geological Society of London Special Publication 155, p. 233-245.
22. Eyre, S.L., 1998, Geochemistry of dolomitization and Zn-Pb mineralization in the Rathdowney Trend, Ireland. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of London Imperial College, 414 p.
23. George, T.N., Johnson, G.A.L., Mitchell, M., Prentice, J.E., Ramsbottom, W.H.C., Sevastopulo, G.D., and Wilson, R.B., 1976, A correlation of Dinantian rocks in the British Isles: Geological Society of London Special Reports 7, 87 p.
24. Gibson, J.R., Walsh, J.J., and Watterson, J., 1989. Modeling of bed contours and cross-sections adjacent to planar normal faults: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 11, p. 317-328.
25. Goodfellow, W.D., Lydon, J.W., and Turner, R.J.W., 1993, Geology and genesis of stratiform sediment-hosted (SEDEX) zinc-lead-silver sulphide deposits, in Kirkham, R.V., Sinclair, W.D., Thorpe, R.I., and Duke, J.M., eds., Mineral Deposit Modeling: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 40, p. 201-252.
26. Grant, C.W., Goggin, D.J., and Harris, P.M., 1994, Outcrop analog for cyclic-shelf reservoirs, San Andreas Formation of Permian basin: Stratigraphic framework, permeability distribution, geostatistics, and fluid flow modeling: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 78, p. 23-54.
27. Gregg, J.M., Shelton, K.L., Johnson, A.W., Somerville, I.D., and Wright, W.R., 1999, Diagenetic and hydrothermal dolomitization of the Waulsortian limestone in the Irish Midlands: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 31, p. A457.
28. Hitzman, M.W., 1986, Geology of the Ruby Creek copper deposit, southwestern Brooks Range, Alaska: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 81, p. 1644-1674.
29. Hitzman, M.W., 1992, Discovery of the Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Ireland: Society of Economic Geology Newsletter, April, 1992, v. 9, p. 1, 12-15.
30. Hitzman, M.W., 1993, The geology of the central midlands of Ireland (6 sheets): Dublin, Geological Survey of Ireland, scale 1:100,000.
31. Hitzman, M.W., 1999a, Extensional faults that localize Irish syndiagenetic Zn-Pb deposits and their later compressional fate, in McCaffery, K., Lonergan, L. and Wilkinson, J., eds., Fractures, Fluid Flow and Mineralization: Geological Society of London Special Publication 155, p. 233-245.
32. Hitzman, M.W., 1999b, Routine staining of drill core to determined carbonate mineralogy and distinguish carbonate alteration textures: Mineralium Deposita, v. 34, p. 794-798.
33. Hitzman, M.W., and Beaty, D.W., 1996, The Irish Zn-Pb-(Ba) orefield, in Sangster, D. F., ed., Carbonate-Hosted Lead-Zinc Deposits: Society of Economic Geologists Special Publication 4, p. 112-143.
34. Hitzman, M.W., O'Coonor, P., Shearley, E., Schaffalitzky, C., Beaty, D.W., Allan, J.R., and Thompson, T., 1992, Discovery and geology of the Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag prospect, Rathdowney Trend, Ireland, in Bowden, A., Earls, G., O'Connor, P., and Pyne, J., eds., The Irish Minerals Industry 1980-1990: Dublin, Irish Association for Economic Geology, p. 227-246.
35. Hitzman, M.W. and Large, D., 1986, A review and classification of the Irish carbonate-hosted base metal deposits, in Andrew, C. J., Crowe, R. W. A., Finlay, S., Pennell, W. M., and Pyne, J. F., eds., Geology and Genesis of Mineral Deposits in Ireland: Dublin, Irish Association for Economic Geology, p. 217-238.
36. Hitzman, M.W., Layer, P.W., and Newberry, R.J., 1994, Argon-argon stepheating studies of muscovite in the Upper Devonian Old Red Sandstone: The first absolute dates for the age of Irish zinc-lead mineralization [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, p. 381.
37. Hitzman, M.W., Earls, G., Shearley, E., Kelley, J., Cruise, M., and Sovastopulo, G., 1995, Ironstones (iron oxide-silica) in the Irish Zn-Pb deposits and regional iron oxide-(silica) alteration of the Waulsortian limestone in southern Ireland, in Anderson, K., Ashton, J., Earls, G., Hitzman, M., and Tear, S., eds., Irish Carbonate-Hosted Zn-Pb Deposits: Society of Economic Geologists Guidebook Series, v. 21, p. 261-274.
38. Hitzman, M.W., Allan, J.R., and Beaty, D.W., 1998, Regional dolomitization of the Wanlsortian limestone in southeastern Ireland: Evidence of large-scale fluid flow driven by the Hercynian orogeny: Geology, v. 26, p. 547-550.
39. Johnston, J.D., 1999, Regional fluid flow and the genesis of Irish Carboniferous base metal deposits, Mineralium Deposita, v. 34, p. 571-598.
40. Johnston, J.D., Coller, D., Millar, G., and Critchley, M. F., 1996, Basement structural controls on Carboniferous-hosted base metal mineral deposits in Ireland, in Strogen, P., Somerville, I.D., and Jones, G.L., eds., Recent Advances in Lower Carboniferous Geology: Geological Society of London Special Publication 107, p. 2-21.
41. Jones, G.V., and Brand, S.F., 1986, The setting, styles of mineralization and mode of origin of the Ballinalack Zn-Pb deposit, in Andrew, C.J., Crowe, R.W.A., Finlay, S., Pennell, W.M., and Pyne, J.F., eds., Geology and Genesis of Mineral Deposits in Ireland: Dublin, Irish Association for Economic Geology, p. 355-376.
42. Leach, D.L., and Sangster, D.F., 1993, Mississippi Valley-type lead-zinc deposits, in Kirkham, R.V., Sinclair, W.D., Thorpe, R.I., and Duke, J.M., eds., Mineral Deposit Modeling: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper 40, p. 289-314.
43. Leeder, M.R., and McMahon, A.H., 1988, Upper Carboniferous (Silesian) basin subsidence in northern Britain, in Besley, B.M., and Kelling, G., eds., Sedimentation in a synorogenic basin complex: The Upper Carboniferous of NW Europe: Glasgow, Blackie, p. 43-52.
44. Lees, A., 1964, The structure and origin of the Waulsortian (Lower Carboniferous) 'reefs' of west-central Eire: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, series B, v. 247, p. 483-531.
45. Lees, A., and Miller, J., 1985, Facies variation in Waulsortian buildups, Part 2: Mid-Dinantian buildups from Europe and North America: Geological Journal, v. 20, p. 159-180.
46. Lees, A., Noel, B., and Bouw, P., 1977, The Waulsortian "reefs" of Belgium: A progress report: University of Louvain Institute of Geology Memoir 29, p. 289-315.
47. 39 dating of sanidines from Upper Carboniferous tonsteins: Compte Rendu 10eme Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere, Madrid, v. 4, p. 174-181.
48. Lowther, J.M., Balding, A.B., Bowden, A.A., Dunphy, S., and McEnvoy, F.M., 1999, The Galmoy mine: Some geological aspects of the development from 1995 to 1999, in Stanley, C.J. et al., eds., Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 881-884.
49. Lydon, J.W., 1986, Models for the generation of metalliferous hydrothermal systems within sedimentary rocks and their applicability to the Irish Carboniferous Zn-Pb deposits, in Andrew, C.J., Crowe, R.W.A., Finlay, S., Pennell, W.M., and Pyne, J.F., eds., Geology and Genesis of Mineral Deposits in Ireland: Dublin, Irish Association for Economic Geology, p. 555-577.
50. McArdle, P., 1990, A review of carbonate hosted base metal-barite deposits in the Lower Carboniferous of Ireland: Chronique de la Miniere, Rechereché, v. 500, p. 3-29.
51. McClung, C.R., 2001, Wall rock alteration of the Metaline Formation around the Pend Oreille Zn-Pb deposit, Metaline district, NE Washington, USA: Unpublished M.S. thesis, Golden, Colorado, Colorado School of Mines, 126 p.
52. Mallon, A.J., 1997, Petrological and mineralogical characteristics of the Old Red Sandstone facies rocks beneath base metal deposits as a guide to the setting of mineralization in the Irish Midlands. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Cork, Ireland, University College, 636 p.
53. Miller, J., 1986, Facies relationships and diagenesis in Waulsortian mud-mounds from the lower Carboniferous of Ireland and N. England, in Schroeder, J.H., and Purser, B.H., eds., Reef Diagenesis: Berlin, Springer Verlag, p. 311-335.
54. Moore, C.H., 1989, Carbonate diagenesis and porosity: Developments in Sedimentology 46, New York, Elsevier, 338 p.
55. Mullane, M.M., and Kinnaird, J.A., 1998, Synsedimentary mineralization at Ballynoe barite deposit, near Silvermines, Co. Tipperary, Ireland: Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (England), Section B, v. 107, B58-B61.
56. Murowechick, J.B., and Barnes, H.L., 1986, Marcasite precipitation from hydrothermal solutions: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 50, p. 2615-2629.
57. O'Reilly, B.M., Readman, P.W., and Murphy, T., 1999, Gravity lineaments and Carboniferous-hosted base metal deposits of the Irish Midlands, in McCaffery, K., Lonergan., L., and Wilkinson, J., eds., Fractures, Fluid Flow and Mineralization: Geological Society of London Special Publication 155, p. 313-322.
58. Philcox, M.E., 1971, A Waulsortian bryozoan reef ('cumulative biostrome') and its off-reef equivalents, Ballybeg, Ireland: Compte Rendu 6e Congres International de Stratigraphie et de Geologie du Carbonifere, Sheffield, 1967, v. 4, p. 1359-1372.
59. Philcox, M.E., 1984, Lower Carboniferous lithostratigraphy of the Irish Midlands: Dublin, Irish Association for Economic Geology, 89 p.
60. Radke, B. M., and Mathis, R. I., 1980, On the formation and occurrence of saddle dolomites: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 50, p. 1149-1168.
61. Redmond, P.B., 1997, Structurally controlled mineralization and hydrothermal dolomitization at the Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Co. Tipperary, Ireland. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Dublin, Ireland, Trinity College, 126 p.
62. Russell, M.J., 1978, Downward-excavating hydrothermal cells and Irish-type ore deposits: Importance of an underlying thick Caledonian prism: Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (England), Section B, v. 87, p. 168-171.
63. Russell, M.J., 1983, Major sediment-hosted exhalative zinc + lead deposits: Formation from hydrothermal convection cells that deepen during crustal extension, in Sangster, D.F., ed., Sediment-Hosted Stratiform Lead-Zinc Deposits: Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Handbook 8, p. 251-282.
64. Russell, M.J., 1986, Extension and convection: A genetic model for the Irish Carboniferous base metal and barite deposits, in Andrew, C.J., Crowe, R.W.A., Finlay, S., Pennell, W.M., and Pyne, J.F., eds., Geology and Genesis of Mineral Deposits in Ireland: Dublin, Irish Association for Economic Geology, p. 545-554.
65. Schultz, R.W., 1966, Lower Carboniferous cherty iron-formation at Tynagh, Ireland: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 61, p. 311-342.
66. Sevastopulo, G.D., 1981, Hercynian structures, in Holland, C.H., ed., A Geology of Ireland: Edinburgh, Scottish Academic Press, p. 147-172.
67. Sevastopulo, G.D., 1982, The age and depositional setting of Waulsortian limestone in Ireland: Symposium on the Environmental Setting and Distribution of the Waulsortian Facies, El Paso Geological Society and the University of Texas, p. 65-79.
68. Sevastopulo, G.D., and Redmond, P., 1999, Age of mineralization of carbonate-hosted base metal deposits in the Rathdowney Trend, Ireland, in McCaffrey, K.W., Lonergan, L., and Wilkinson, J.J., eds., Fractures, Fluid Flow and Mineralization: Geological Society of London Special Publication 151, 303-311.
69. Shearley, E., Hitzman, M.W., Walton, G., Redmond, P., Davis, R., King, M., Duffy, L., and Goodman, R., 1992, Structural controls of mineralization, Lisheen Zn-Pb-Ag deposit, Co. Tipperary, Ireland [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, p. A354.
70. Shearley, E., Redmond, P., Goodman, R., and King, M., 1995, Guide to the Lisheen Zn-Pb-deposit, in Anderson, K., Ashton, J. Earls, G., Hitzman, M., and Tear, S., eds., Irish Carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb Deposits: Society of Economic Geologists Guidebook Series, v. 21, p. 123-138.
71. Shepard-Thorn, E.R., 1963, The Carboniferous limestone succession in north-west Co. Limerick, Ireland: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, v. 62, no. 17, p. 267-294.
72. Sleeman, A., 1990, Preliminary map of the Rathdowney District: Geological Survey of Ireland Special Geological Map, scale 1:100,000.
73. 4 deposits, Co. Longford, Ireland, in Anderson, K., Ashton, J., Earls, G., Hitzman, M., and Tear, S., eds., Irish Carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb Deposits: Society of Economic Geologists Guidebook Series, v. 21, p. 227-241.
74. Smith, S., 1995, Warrabarty prospect: Late Proterozoic dolomitization, brecciation and mineralization, Paterson orogen, Western Australia: Society of Economic Geologists International Field Conference on Carbonate-Hosted Zn-Pb Deposits, Extended abstracts, p. 288-290.
75. 2) from 0° to 200°C and summary of results: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 91-310, 27 p.
76. Sverjensky, D.A., 1981, The origin of a Mississippi Valley-type deposit in the Viburnum trend, southeast Missouri: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 76, p. 1848-1872.
77. Sverjensky, D.A., 1984, Oil field brines as ore-forming solutions: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 79, p. 23-37.
78. Taylor, S., 1984, Structural and paleotopographic controls of lead-zinc mineralization in the Silvermines orebodies, Republic of Ireland: ECONOMIC GEOLOGY, v. 79, p. 529-548.
79. Taylor, S., and Andrew, C.J., 1978, Silvermines orebodies, Co. Tipperary, Ireland: Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (England), Section B, v. 87, p. 111-124.
80. Thompson, T.B., Hitzman, M.W., and Beaty, D.W., 1992, Paragenesis and fluid inclusions of the Lisheen Zn-Pb deposit, Co. Tipperary, Ireland [abs.]: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, p. A354.
81. Walsh, J.J., and Watterson, J., 1989, Displacement gradients on fault surfaces: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 11, p. 307-316.
82. Whittaker, A., (ed.), 1985, Atlas of onshore sedimentary basins in England and Wales: Post-Carboniferous tectonics and stratigraphy: London, Blackie and Son Ltd., 71 p.
83. Williams, B. and Brown, C., 1986, A model for the genesis of Zn-Pb deposits in Ireland, in Andrew, C.J., Crowe, R. W. A., Finlay, S., Pennell, W. M., and Pyne, J. F., eds., Geology and Genesis of Mineral Deposits in Ireland: Dublin, Irish Association for Economic Geology, p. 579-590.
84. 13C data from Irish Midlands and Dublin basin, Carboniferous, in Stanley, C.J. et al., eds., Mineral Deposits: Processes to Processing: Rotterdam, Balkema, p. 913-917.
85. Wyley, A., 1854, On the character and mode of occurrence of the dolomite rocks of Kilkenny, Journal of the Dublin Geological Society, v. 6, pt. 2, p. 109-128.