Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: Where do we go from here?

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 77-80

  Johnston, B Lynn ^a,c   Conly, John M ^b,d  

^a DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^c QUEEN ELIZABETH II HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE   (Canada)

^d North Tower ^*  (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; AUTOPSY; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; BALLOON CATHETER; BRONCHUS SECRETION; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEVER; FIBEROPTIC BRONCHOSCOPY; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LEUKOCYTOSIS; LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS; LUNG BIOPSY; LUNG INFILTRATE; LUNG LAVAGE; META ANALYSIS; MORTALITY; NONHUMAN; PNEUMONIA; PREDICTION; PROTECTED SPECIMEN BRUSH; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VALIDATION PROCESS; VENTILATOR;

EID: 0037980334     PISSN: 11802332     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2003/581071     Document Type: Review

References (40)

1. Gross PA, Neu HC, Aswapokee P, Van Antwerpen C, Aswapokee N. Deaths from nosocomial infections: Experience in a university hospital and a community hospital. Am J Med 1980;68:219-23.
2. Wunderink RG, Woldenberg LS, Zeiss J, Day CM, Ciemins J, Lacher DA. The radiologic diagnosis of autopsy-proven ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 1992;101:458-63.
3. Ruiz M, Torres A, Ewig S, et al. Noninvasive versus invasive microbial investigation in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Evaluation of outcome. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2000;162:119-25.
4. Fàbregas N, Torres A, El-Ebiary M, et al. Histopathologic and microbiologic aspects of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Anesthesiology 1996;84:760-71.
5. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Domart Y, et al. Nosocomial pneumonia in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation. Prospective analysis of 52 episodes with use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques. Am Rev Resp Dis 1989;139:877-84.
6. Allen RM, Dunn WF, Limper AH. Diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia: The role of bronchoscopy. Mayo Clin Proc 1994;69:962-8
7. Luna CM, Vujacich P, Niederman MS, et al. Impact of BAL data on the therapy and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 1997;111:676-85.
8. Fàbregas N, Ewig S, Torres A, et al. Clinical diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia revisited: Comparative validation using immediate post-mortem lung biopsies. Thorax 1999;54:867-73.
9. Johanson WG, Pierce AK, Sanford JP, Thomas GD. Nosocomial respiratory infections with gram-negative bacilli. The significance of colonization of the respiratory tract. Ann Intern Med 1972;77:701-6.
10. Andrews CP, Coalson JJ, Smith JD, Johanson WG. Diagnosis of nosocomial bacterial pneumonia in acute, diffuse lung injury. Chest 1981;80:254-8.
11. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Hance AJ. Detection of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients. Use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques in 147 patients. Am Rev Resp Dis 1988;138:110-6.
12. Wimberley N, Faling LJ, Bartlett JG. A fiberoptic bronchoscopy technique to obtain uncontaminated lower airway secretions for bacterial culture. Am Rev Resp Dis 1979;119:337-43.
13. Meduri GU, Beals DH, Maijub AG, Baselski V. Protected bronchoalveolar lavage. A new bronchoscopic technique to retrieve uncontaminated distal airway secretions. Am Rev Resp Dis 1991;143:855-64.
14. Veber B, Souweine B, Gachot B, et al. Comparison of direct examination of three types of bronchoscopy specimens used to diagnose nosocomial pneumonia. Crit Care Med 2000;28:962-8.
15. Chastre J, Viau F, Brun P, et al. Prospective evaluation of the protected specimen brush for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in ventilated patients. Am Rev Resp Dis 1984;130:924-9.
16. Johanson WG, Seidenfeld JJ, Gomez P, de los Santos R, Coalson JJ. Bacteriologic diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia following prolonged mechanical ventilation. Am Rev Resp Dis 1988;137:259-64.
17. Torres A, EI-Ebiary M, Padró L, et al. Validation of different techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Comparison with immediate postmortem pulmonary biopsy. Am J Crit Care Med 1994;149:324-31.
18. Rouby JJ, Rossignon MD, Nicolas MH, et al. A prospective study of protected bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia. Anesthesiology 1989;71:679-85.
19. Rouby JJ, de Lassale EM, Poete P, et al. Nosocomial bronchopneumonia in the critically ill. Histologic and bacteriologic aspects. Am Rev Resp Dis 1992;146:1059-66.
20. Marquette C, Copin MC, Wallet F, et al. Diagnostic tests for pneumonia in ventilated patients: Prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy using histology as a diagnostic gold standard. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1995;151:1878-88.
21. Papazian L, Thomas P, Garbe L, et al. Bronchoscopic or blind sampling techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1995;152:1982-91.
22. Kirtland SH, Corley DE, Winterbauer RH, et al. The diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. A comparison of histologic, microbiologic, and clinical criteria. Chest 1997;112:445-57.
23. Papazian L, Martin C, Meric B, Dumon JF, Gouin F. A reappraisal of blind bronchial sampling in the microbiologic diagnosis of nosocomial bronchopneumonia. A comparative study in ventilated patients. Chest 1993;103:236-42.
24. Pugin J, Auckenthaler R, Mili N, Janssens JP, Lew PD, Suter PM. Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia by bacteriologic analysis of bronchoscopic and nonbronchoscopic "blind" broncoalveolar lavage fluid. Am Rev Resp Dis 1991;143:1121-9.
25. Marquette CH, Georges H, Wallet F. Diagnostic efficacy of endotracheal aspirates with quantitative bacterial cultures in intubated patients with suspected pneumonia. Comparison with the protected specimen brush. Am Rev Resp Dis 1993;148:138-44.
26. Bello S, Tejada A, Chacón E, et al. "Blind" protected specimen brushing versus bronchoscopic techniques in the aetiological diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir J 1996;9:1494-9.
27. El-Ebiary M, Torres A, González J, et al. Quantitative cultures of endotracheal aspirates for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am Rev Resp Dis 1993;148:1552-7.
28. Weardon PD, Chendrasekhar A, Timberlake GA. Comparison of nonbronchoscopic techniques with bronchoscopic brushing in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia. J Trauma 1996;41:703-7.
29. Violán JS, de Castro R, Luna JC, Benítez AB, Alonso JLM. Comparative efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage and telescoping plugged catheter in the diagnosis of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. Chest 1993;103:386-90.
30. Jourdain B, Joly-Guillou ML, Dombret MC, et al. Usefulness of quantitative cultures of BAL fluid for diagnosing nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients. Chest 1997;111:411-8.
31. de Jaeger A, Litalien C, Lacroix J, Guertin MC, Infante-Rivard C. Protected specimen brush or bronchoalveolar lavage to diagnose bacterial nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated adults: A meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 1999;27:2548-60.
32. Dotson RG, Pingleton SK. The effect of antibiotic therapy on recovery of intracellular bacteria from bronchoalveolar lavage in suspected ventilator-associated nosocomial pneumonia. Chest 1993;103:541-6.
33. Marik PE, Careau P. A comparison of mini-bronchoalveolar lavage and blind-protected specimen brush sampling in ventilated patients with suspected pneumonia. J Crit Care 1998;13:67-72.
34. Sanchez-Nieto JM, Torres A, Garcia-Cordoba F, et al. Impact of invasive and noninvasive quantitative culture sampling on outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia. A pilot study. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1998;157:371-6.
35. Kollef MH, Bock KR, Richards RD, Hearns ML. The safety and diagnostic accuracy of minibronchoalveolar lavage in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ann Intern Med 1995;122:743-8.
36. Guyatt GH, Tugwell P, Feeny DH, et al. A framework for clinical evaluation of diagnostic technologies. CMAJ 1986;134:587-94.
37. Heyland DK, Cook DJ, Marshall J, et al. The clinical utility of invasive diagnostic techniques in the setting of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest 1999;115:1076-84.
38. Timsit JF, Chevret S, Valcke J, et al. Mortality of nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: Influence of diagnostic tools. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1996;154:116-23.
39. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Wolff M, et al. Invasive and noninvasive strategies for management of suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2000;132:621-30.
40. Fagon JY, Chastre J, Hance AJ, Domart Y, Trouillet JL, Gibert C. Evaluation of clinical judgment in the identification and treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients. Chest 1993;103:547-53.