메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 22, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 191-202

Pharmacotherapies to enhance smoking cessation during pregnancy

Author keywords

Bupropion; Nicotine replacement; Pregnancy; Smoking

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; NICOTINE;

EID: 0037972947     PISSN: 09595236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09595230100100633     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (46)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 0028922087 scopus 로고
    • Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on pregnancy complications and sudden infant death syndrome
    • DiFranza JR, Lew RA. Effect of maternal cigarette smoking on pregnancy complications and sudden infant death syndrome. J Fam Pract 1995;40:385-94.
    • (1995) J Fam Pract , vol.40 , pp. 385-394
    • DiFranza, J.R.1    Lew, R.A.2
  • 2
    • 0037550678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human studies of nicotine replacement during pregnancy
    • Benowitz NL, ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
    • Oncken CA, Hardardottir H, Smeltzer JS. Human studies of nicotine replacement during pregnancy. In: Benowitz NL, ed. Safety and toxicity of nicotine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1998:107-16.
    • (1998) Safety and Toxicity of Nicotine , pp. 107-116
    • Oncken, C.A.1    Hardardottir, H.2    Smeltzer, J.S.3
  • 3
    • 0033521963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine and tobacco use and the risk of spontaneous abortion
    • Ness RB, Grisso JA, Hirschinger N et al. Cocaine and tobacco use and the risk of spontaneous abortion. N Engl J Med 1999;340:333-9.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 333-339
    • Ness, R.B.1    Grisso, J.A.2    Hirschinger, N.3
  • 5
    • 0026529160 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption and spontaneous abortion
    • Armstrong BG, McDonald AD, Sloan M. Cigarette, alcohol, and coffee consumption and spontaneous abortion. Am J Public Health 1992;82:85-7.
    • (1992) Am J Public Health , vol.82 , pp. 85-87
    • Armstrong, B.G.1    McDonald, A.D.2    Sloan, M.3
  • 6
    • 0027477053 scopus 로고
    • The impact on infant birth weight and gestational age of cotinine-validated smoking reduction during pregnancy
    • Li CQ, Windsor RA, Perkins L, Goldenberg RL, Lowe JB. The impact on infant birth weight and gestational age of cotinine-validated smoking reduction during pregnancy. JAMA 1993;269:1519-24.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.269 , pp. 1519-1524
    • Li, C.Q.1    Windsor, R.A.2    Perkins, L.3    Goldenberg, R.L.4    Lowe, J.B.5
  • 8
    • 0028696546 scopus 로고
    • Effects of maternal smoking on adverse pregnancy outcomes: Examination of the criteria of causation
    • Walsh RA. Effects of maternal smoking on adverse pregnancy outcomes: Examination of the criteria of causation. HumBiol 1994;66:1059-92.
    • (1994) HumBiol , vol.66 , pp. 1059-1092
    • Walsh, R.A.1
  • 9
    • 0029767702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is maternal smoking during pregnancy a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children?
    • Milberger S, Biederman J, Faraone SV, Chen L, Jones J. Is maternal smoking during pregnancy a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children? Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:1138-42.
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 1138-1142
    • Milberger, S.1    Biederman, J.2    Faraone, S.V.3    Chen, L.4    Jones, J.5
  • 10
    • 0031777898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects on cognitive functioning in 9-to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana
    • Fried PA, Watkinson B, Gray R. Differential effects on cognitive functioning in 9-to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1998;20:293-306.
    • (1998) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.20 , pp. 293-306
    • Fried, P.A.1    Watkinson, B.2    Gray, R.3
  • 11
    • 0030904619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reading and language in 9- to 12- year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marijuana
    • Fried PA, Watkinson B, Siegel LS. Reading and language in 9- to 12- year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marijuana. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1997;19:171-83.
    • (1997) Neurotoxicol Teratol , vol.19 , pp. 171-183
    • Fried, P.A.1    Watkinson, B.2    Siegel, L.S.3
  • 12
    • 0034136645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal tobacco exposure: Is it a risk factor for early experimentation?
    • Cornelius MD, Leech SL, Goldschmidt L, Day NL. Prenatal tobacco exposure: is it a risk factor for early experimentation? Nicotine Tob Res 2000;2:45-52.
    • (2000) Nicotine Tob Res , vol.2 , pp. 45-52
    • Cornelius, M.D.1    Leech, S.L.2    Goldschmidt, L.3    Day, N.L.4
  • 13
    • 0028148173 scopus 로고
    • Maternal smoking during pregnancy and smoking by adolescent daughters
    • Kandel DB, Wu P, Davies M. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and smoking by adolescent daughters. Am J Public Health 1994;84:1407-13.
    • (1994) Am J Public Health , vol.84 , pp. 1407-1413
    • Kandel, D.B.1    Wu, P.2    Davies, M.3
  • 14
    • 0033804909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlates of postpartum relapse. Results from the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system
    • Carmichael SL, Ahluwalia IB. Correlates of postpartum relapse. Results from the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system. Am J Prev Med 2000;19:193-6.
    • (2000) Am J Prev Med , vol.19 , pp. 193-196
    • Carmichael, S.L.1    Ahluwalia, I.B.2
  • 16
    • 0037547124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends and variations in smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight: Evidence from the birth certificate
    • Ventura SJ, Hamilton BE, Matthews TJ, Chandra A. Trends and variations in smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight: Evidence from the birth certificate. Pediatrics. 2003; 111:1176-80.
    • (2003) Pediatrics. , vol.111 , pp. 1176-1180
    • Ventura, S.J.1    Hamilton, B.E.2    Matthews, T.J.3    Chandra, A.4
  • 17
    • 0027501850 scopus 로고
    • Characteristics associated with smoking cessation during pregnancy among working class women
    • Wakefield M, Gillies P, Graham H, Madeley R, Symonds M. Characteristics associated with smoking cessation during pregnancy among working class women. Addiction 1993;88:1423-30.
    • (1993) Addiction , vol.88 , pp. 1423-1430
    • Wakefield, M.1    Gillies, P.2    Graham, H.3    Madeley, R.4    Symonds, M.5
  • 18
    • 0031786890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-evaluation of smoking cessation intervention research among pregnant women: Improving the science and art
    • Windsor RA, Boyd NR, Orleans CT. A meta-evaluation of smoking cessation intervention research among pregnant women: improving the science and art. Health Educ Res 1998;13:419-38.
    • (1998) Health Educ Res , vol.13 , pp. 419-438
    • Windsor, R.A.1    Boyd, N.R.2    Orleans, C.T.3
  • 19
    • 0034267044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and pharmacological treatment methods for pregnant smokers: Issues for clinical practice
    • Windsor R, Oncken C, Henningfield J; Hartmann K, Edwards N. Behavioral and pharmacological treatment methods for pregnant smokers: Issues for clinical practice. JAMWA 2000;55:304-10.
    • (2000) JAMWA , vol.55 , pp. 304-310
    • Windsor, R.1    Oncken, C.2    Henningfield, J.3    Hartmann, K.4    Edwards, N.5
  • 21
    • 0033528103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of smoking cessation
    • Hughes JR, Goldstein MG, Hurt RD, Schiffman S. Recent advances in the pharmacotherapy of smoking cessation JAMA 1999;281:72-6.
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 72-76
    • Hughes, J.R.1    Goldstein, M.G.2    Hurt, R.D.3    Schiffman, S.4
  • 22
    • 0024406948 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine replacement: Ten-week effects on tobacco withdrawal symptoms
    • Gross J, Stitzer ML. Nicotine replacement: ten-week effects on tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Psychopharmacology 1989;98:334-41.
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.98 , pp. 334-341
    • Gross, J.1    Stitzer, M.L.2
  • 23
    • 0022451897 scopus 로고
    • Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal
    • Hughes JR, Hatsukami D. Signs and symptoms of tobacco withdrawal. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:289-94.
    • (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 289-294
    • Hughes, J.R.1    Hatsukami, D.2
  • 24
    • 0028849333 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine medications for smoking cessation
    • Henningfield JE. Nicotine medications for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1196-203.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1196-1203
    • Henningfield, J.E.1
  • 26
    • 0023106624 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of nicotine intake while chewing nicotine polacrilex gum
    • Benowitz NL, Peyton Jacob III, Savanapridi C. Determinants of nicotine intake while chewing nicotine polacrilex gum. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987;41:467-73.
    • (1987) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.41 , pp. 467-473
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Jacob P. III2    Savanapridi, C.3
  • 27
    • 0026674742 scopus 로고
    • Transdermal nicotine: A review of its pharmacodynamic properties and pharmaco-kinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy as an aid to smoking cessation
    • Palmer KJ, Buckley MM, Faulds D. Transdermal nicotine: a review of its pharmacodynamic properties and pharmaco-kinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy as an aid to smoking cessation. Drugs 1992;44:498-29.
    • (1992) Drugs , vol.44 , pp. 498-529
    • Palmer, K.J.1    Buckley, M.M.2    Faulds, D.3
  • 28
    • 0028233466 scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of the nicotine patch for smoking cessation
    • Fiore MC, Smith SS, Jorenby DE, Baker TB. The effectiveness of the nicotine patch for smoking cessation. JAMA 1994; 271:1940-7.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 1940-1947
    • Fiore, M.C.1    Smith, S.S.2    Jorenby, D.E.3    Baker, T.B.4
  • 30
    • 0029791124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of a nicotine inhaler in smoking cessation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Schneider NG, Olmstead R, Nilsson F, Mody FV, Franzon M, Doan K. Efficacy of a nicotine inhaler in smoking cessation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Addiction 1996;91:1293-306.
    • (1996) Addiction , vol.91 , pp. 1293-1306
    • Schneider, N.G.1    Olmstead, R.2    Nilsson, F.3    Mody, F.V.4    Franzon, M.5    Doan, K.6
  • 31
    • 0026691499 scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trial of nasal nicotine nasal spray in smoking cessation
    • Sutherland G, Stapleton JA, Russel MAH et al. Randomised controlled trial of nasal nicotine nasal spray in smoking cessation. Lancet 1992;340:324-9.
    • (1992) Lancet , vol.340 , pp. 324-329
    • Sutherland, G.1    Stapleton, J.A.2    Russel, M.A.H.3
  • 32
    • 0030723143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Areteriovenous differences in plasma concentration of nicotine and catecholamines and related cardiovascular effects after smoking, nicotine nasal spray, and intravenous nicotine
    • Gourlay SG, Benowitz NL. Areteriovenous differences in plasma concentration of nicotine and catecholamines and related cardiovascular effects after smoking, nicotine nasal spray, and intravenous nicotine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997;62:453-63.
    • (1997) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.62 , pp. 453-463
    • Gourlay, S.G.1    Benowitz, N.L.2
  • 33
    • 0030720886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation
    • Hurt RD, Sachs DP, Glover ED et al. A comparison of sustained-release bupropion and placebo for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med 1997; 337:1195-1202.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 1195-1202
    • Hurt, R.D.1    Sachs, D.P.2    Glover, E.D.3
  • 35
    • 0033870587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation of a nicotine sublingual tablet in smoking cessation
    • Wallstrom M, Nilsson F, Hirsch JM. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation of a nicotine sublingual tablet in smoking cessation. Addiction 2000;95:1161-71.
    • (2000) Addiction , vol.95 , pp. 1161-1171
    • Wallstrom, M.1    Nilsson, F.2    Hirsch, J.M.3
  • 36
    • 0036231675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated metabolism of nicotine and cotinine in pregnant smokers
    • Dempsey D, Jacob P III, Benowitz NL. Accelerated metabolism of nicotine and cotinine in pregnant smokers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2002;301:594-8.
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.301 , pp. 594-598
    • Dempsey, D.1    Jacob P. III2    Benowitz, N.L.3
  • 38
    • 0034252092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of transdermal nicotine on craving, withdrawal and premenstrual symptomatology in short-term smoking abstinence during different phases of the menstrual cycle
    • Allen SS, Hatsukami D, Christianson D, Brown S. Effects of transdermal nicotine on craving, withdrawal and premenstrual symptomatology in short-term smoking abstinence during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Nicotine Tobacco Res 2000;2:231-41.
    • (2000) Nicotine Tobacco Res , vol.2 , pp. 231-241
    • Allen, S.S.1    Hatsukami, D.2    Christianson, D.3    Brown, S.4
  • 39
    • 0035035774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risks and benefits of nicotine to aid smoking cessation in pregnancy
    • Dempsey DA, Benowitz NL. Risks and benefits of nicotine to aid smoking cessation in pregnancy. Drug Safety 2001;24:277-322.
    • (2001) Drug Safety , vol.24 , pp. 277-322
    • Dempsey, D.A.1    Benowitz, N.L.2
  • 40
    • 0017695976 scopus 로고
    • The biological effects of carbon monoxide on the pregnant woman, fetus, and the newborn infant
    • Longo LD. The biological effects of carbon monoxide on the pregnant woman, fetus, and the newborn infant. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977; 129:69-103.
    • (1977) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.129 , pp. 69-103
    • Longo, L.D.1
  • 41
    • 0022394171 scopus 로고
    • Extent of nicotine and cotinine transfer to the human fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid of smoking mothers
    • Luck W, Nau H, Hansen R, Steldinger R. Extent of nicotine and cotinine transfer to the human fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid of smoking mothers. Dev Pharmacol Ther 1985;8:384-95.
    • (1985) Dev Pharmacol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 384-395
    • Luck, W.1    Nau, H.2    Hansen, R.3    Steldinger, R.4
  • 42
    • 0031863354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal nicotine or cocaine exposure: Which one is worse?
    • Slotkin TA. Fetal nicotine or cocaine exposure: which one is worse? J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998:285;931-45.
    • (1998) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.285 , pp. 931-945
    • Slotkin, T.A.1
  • 43
    • 0029066386 scopus 로고
    • Loss of neonatal hypoxia tolerance after prenatal nicotine exposure: Implications for sudden infant death syndrome
    • Slotkin TA, Lappi SE, McCook EC, Lorber BA, Seidler FJ. Loss of neonatal hypoxia tolerance after prenatal nicotine exposure: implications for sudden infant death syndrome. Brain Res Bull 1995;69-75.
    • (1995) Brain Res Bull , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 69-75
    • Slotkin, T.A.1    Lappi, S.E.2    McCook, E.C.3    Lorber, B.A.4    Seidler, F.J.5
  • 45
    • 0030476456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal exposure to tobacco smoke products: A comparison between self-reported maternal smoking and concentrations of cotinine and thiocyanate in cord serum
    • Nafstad P, Kongerud J, Botton G et al. Fetal exposure to tobacco smoke products: a comparison between self-reported maternal smoking and concentrations of cotinine and thiocyanate in cord serum. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1996;75:902-7.
    • (1996) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.75 , pp. 902-907
    • Nafstad, P.1    Kongerud, J.2    Botton, G.3
  • 47
    • 0037045438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal cigarette smoking, metabolic gene polymorphism, and infant birth weight
    • Wang X, Zuckerman B, Pearson G et al. Maternal cigarette smoking, metabolic gene polymorphism, and infant birth weight. JAMA 2002;287:195-202.
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.287 , pp. 195-202
    • Wang, X.1    Zuckerman, B.2    Pearson, G.3
  • 48
    • 0033642782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation during pregnancy
    • Benowitz NL, Dempsey DA, Goldenburg RL et al. The use of pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation during pregnancy. Tobacco Control 2000;9(Suppl III):iii91-4.
    • (2000) Tobacco Control , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL. III
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Dempsey, D.A.2    Goldenburg, R.L.3
  • 50
    • 0023113865 scopus 로고
    • Influence of nicotine chewing gum on fetal blood flow
    • Lindblad A, Marsal K. Influence of nicotine chewing gum on fetal blood flow. J Perinat Med 1987;15:13-19.
    • (1987) J Perinat Med , vol.15 , pp. 13-19
    • Lindblad, A.1    Marsal, K.2
  • 51
    • 49549134900 scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoking and fetal breathing movements
    • Manning FA, Feyerabend C. Cigarette smoking and fetal breathing movements. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1976;83:262-70.
    • (1976) Br J Obstet Gynecol , vol.83 , pp. 262-270
    • Manning, F.A.1    Feyerabend, C.2
  • 53
    • 0032863438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine patch use in pregnant smokers: Nicotine and cotinine levels and fetal effects
    • Ogburn PL, Hurt RD, Croghan IT et al. Nicotine patch use in pregnant smokers: nicotine and cotinine levels and fetal effects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999;181:736-43.
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.181 , pp. 736-743
    • Ogburn, P.L.1    Hurt, R.D.2    Croghan, I.T.3
  • 56
    • 0035005016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy
    • Kapur B, Hackman R, Selby P, Klein J, Koren G. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp 2001;62:274-278.
    • (2001) Curr Ther Res Clin Exp , vol.62 , pp. 274-278
    • Kapur, B.1    Hackman, R.2    Selby, P.3    Klein, J.4    Koren, G.5
  • 57
    • 0035988748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine patch use in pregnant smokers: Smoking abstinence and delivery outcomes
    • Schroeder DR, Ogburn PL, Hurt RD et al. Nicotine patch use in pregnant smokers: smoking abstinence and delivery outcomes. J Matern Fetal Med 2002;11:100-7.
    • (2002) J Matern Fetal Med , vol.11 , pp. 100-107
    • Schroeder, D.R.1    Ogburn, P.L.2    Hurt, R.D.3
  • 60
    • 0033939145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicotine replacement prescription practices of obstetric and pediatrie clinicians
    • Oncken CA, Pbert L, Ockene JK, Zapka J, Stoddard A. Nicotine replacement prescription practices of obstetric and pediatrie clinicians. Obstet Gynecol 2000;96:261-5.
    • (2000) Obstet Gynecol , vol.96 , pp. 261-265
    • Oncken, C.A.1    Pbert, L.2    Ockene, J.K.3    Zapka, J.4    Stoddard, A.5
  • 62
    • 0025022259 scopus 로고
    • Smoking cessation during pregnancy: Strategies used by michigan family physicians
    • Hickner J, Cousineau A, Messimer S. Smoking cessation during pregnancy: Strategies used by Michigan Family physicians. J Am Board Fam Pract 1990;3:39-42.
    • (1990) J Am Board Fam Pract , vol.3 , pp. 39-42
    • Hickner, J.1    Cousineau, A.2    Messimer, S.3
  • 63
    • 0022373069 scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of smoking cessation methods for smokers in public health maternity clinics: A randomized trial
    • Windsor RA, Cutter G, Morris J et al. The effectiveness of smoking cessation methods for smokers in public health maternity clinics: a randomized trial. Am J Public Health 1985;75:1389-92.
    • (1985) Am J Public Health , vol.75 , pp. 1389-1392
    • Windsor, R.A.1    Cutter, G.2    Morris, J.3
  • 65
    • 0027970189 scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of randomized trials of prenatal smoking cessation interventions
    • Dolan-Mullen P, Ramirez G, Groff JY. A meta-analysis of randomized trials of prenatal smoking cessation interventions. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;171:1328-34.
    • (1994) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.171 , pp. 1328-1334
    • Dolan-Mullen, P.1    Ramirez, G.2    Groff, J.Y.3
  • 66
    • 0023910358 scopus 로고
    • Smoking in pregnancy: Effects of stopping at different stages
    • Macarthur C, Knox EG. Smoking in pregnancy: effects of stopping at different stages. Br J Obstet Gynecol 1988;95:551-5.
    • (1988) Br J Obstet Gynecol , vol.95 , pp. 551-555
    • Macarthur, C.1    Knox, E.G.2
  • 67
    • 0027419961 scopus 로고
    • Cessation of smoking during pregnancy improves foetal growth and reduces infant morbidity in the neonatal period. A population-based prospective study
    • Ahlstan G, Cnattingius S, Lindmark G. Cessation of smoking during pregnancy improves foetal growth and reduces infant morbidity in the neonatal period. A population-based prospective study. Acta Paediatr 1993;82:177-81.
    • (1993) Acta Paediatr , vol.82 , pp. 177-181
    • Ahlstan, G.1    Cnattingius, S.2    Lindmark, G.3
  • 69
    • 0003984768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Montvale NJ: Medical Economics
    • Physicians Desk Reference. Montvale NJ: Medical Economics, 2002:1710-15.
    • (2002) Physicians Desk Reference , pp. 1710-1715
  • 70
    • 0025865647 scopus 로고
    • Effect of transdermal nicotine delivery as an adjunct to low-intervention smoking cessation therapy
    • Daughton DM, Heatley SA, Prendergrast SL. Effect of transdermal nicotine delivery as an adjunct to low-intervention smoking cessation therapy. Arch Int Med 1991:151:749-52.
    • (1991) Arch Int Med , vol.151 , pp. 749-752
    • Daughton, D.M.1    Heatley, S.A.2    Prendergrast, S.L.3
  • 71
    • 0038226080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clearing the smoke
    • New York: National Academy Press
    • Institute of Medicine Report. Clearing the smoke (advance copy), New York: National Academy Press, 2001.
    • (2001) Institute of Medicine Report
  • 73
    • 0021635580 scopus 로고
    • Exposure of the fetus, neonate, and nursed infant to nicotine and cotinine from maternal smoking
    • Luck W, Nau H, Exposure of the fetus, neonate, and nursed infant to nicotine and cotinine from maternal smoking (letter). N Engl J Med 1984; 311;672.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , pp. 672
    • Luck, W.1    Nau, H.2
  • 74
    • 0021206887 scopus 로고
    • Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and milk of nursing mothers
    • Luck W, Nau H. Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and milk of nursing mothers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1984;18:9-15.
    • (1984) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 9-15
    • Luck, W.1    Nau, H.2
  • 75
    • 0028107176 scopus 로고
    • The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk
    • Committee on Drugs. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 1994;93:137-50.
    • (1994) Pediatrics , vol.93 , pp. 137-150


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.