A multi-exponential model of postmenopausal decline in vertebral bone mineral density: A new approach to the BMD reference range

Journal of Clinical Densitometry

Volumn 6, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 113-124

  Greer, William ^a,b   Smith, Roger ^b   Shipman, A John ^b  

^a KING FAISAL SPECIALIST HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTER   (Saudi Arabia)

^b NUFFIELD ORTHOPAEDIC CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

BMD; Menopause; Multiexponential model; Osteoporosis; Reference range

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; BONE DENSITY; BONE MINERAL; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DUAL ENERGY X RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; EQUIPMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; NORMAL HUMAN; OSTEOLYSIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFERENCE VALUE; WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION;

EID: 0037942806     PISSN: 10946950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1385/JCD:6:2:113     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Compston JE, Cooper C, Kanis JA. 1995 Bone densitometry in clinical practice. BMJ 310:1507-1510.
2. Ryan PJ, Blake GM, Fogelman I. 1992 Postmenopausal screening for osteopenia. Br J Rheumatol 31:823-828.
3. Shipman AJ, Guy GWC, Smith I, Ostlere S, Greer W, Smith R. 1999 Vertebral bone mineral density, content and area in 8,789 normal women aged 33-73 years who have never had hormone replacement therapy. Osteoporos Int 9:420-426.
4. Hui SL, Wiske PS, Norton JA, Johnston Jr CC. 1982 A prospective study of change in bone mass with age in postmenopausal women. J Chron Dis 35:715-725.
5. Truscott JG, Oldroyd B, Simpson M, et al. 1993 Variation in lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral measured by dual energy X-ray absorption: a study of 329 normal women. Br J Radiol 66:514-521.
6. Petley GW, Cotton AM, Murrills AJ, et al. 1996 Reference ranges of bone mineral density for women in southern England: the impact of local data on the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Br J Radiol 69:655-660.
7. Hall ML, Heavens J, Cullum ID, Ell PJ. 1990 The range of bone density in normal British women. Br J Radiol 63:266-269.
8. Ahmed AIH, Blake GM, Rymer JM, Fogelman I. 1997 Screening for osteopenia and osteoporosis: do the accepted normal ranges lead to overdiagnosis? Osteoporos Int 7:432-438.
9. Laitinen K, Välimäki M, Keto P. 1991 Bone mineral density measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in healthy Finnish women. Calcif Tissue Int 48:224-231.
10. Kroger H, Heikkinen J, Laitinen K, Kotaniemi A. 1992 Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in normal women: a cross-sectional study of 717 Finnish volunteers. Osteoporos Int 2:135-140.
11. Karlsson MK, Gardsell P, Johnell O, et al. 1993 Bone mineral normative data in Malmo, Sweden. Acta Orthop Scand 64:168-172.
12. Curiel MD, Carrasco d la Pena JL, Perez JH, et al. 1997 Study of bone mineral density in lumbar spine and femoral neck in a Spanish population. Osteoporos Int 7:59-64.
13. Wilkinson TJ, Elliot JR, Gilchrist NL, March RL, Ayling E, Turner J. 1993 Asymptomatic low bone mineral density in otherwise healthy people: four year follow-up. N Z Med J 106:377-378.
14. Clements D, Compston JE, Evans C, Evans WD. 1993 Bone loss in normal British women: a 5 year follow-up. Br J Radiol 66:1134-1137.
15. Hui SL, Zhou L, Evans R, et al. 1999 Rates of growth and loss of bone mineral in the spine and femoral neck in white females. Osteoporos Int 9:200-205.
16. Arlot ME, Sornay-Rendu E, Garnero P, Vey-Marty B, Delmas PD. 1997 Apparent pre- and postmenopausal bone loss evaluated by DXA at different skeletal sites in women: the OFELY cohort. J Bone Miner Res 12(4):683-690.
17. Löfman O, Larsson L, Ross I, Toss G, Berglund K. 1997 Bone mineral density in normal Swedish women. Bone. 20(2):167-174.
18. Gambacciani M, Spinetti A, De Simone L, et al. 1993 The relative contributions of menopause and aging to postmenopausal vertebral osteopenia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 77(5):1148-1151.
19. Luoto R, Kaprio J, Uutela A. 1994 Age at natural menopause and sociodemographic status in Finland. Am J Epidemiol 139:64-76.
20. Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Melton LJ, III, Richelson LS, Judd HL, Offord P. 1986 Rates of bone loss in the appendicular and axial skeletons of women. J Clin Invest 77:1487-1491.
21. Nordin BEC, Need AG, Chatterton BE, Horowitz M, Morris HA. 1990 The relative contributions of age and years since menopause to postmenopausal bone loss. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 70(1):83-88.
22. Nilas L, Christiansen C. 1987 Bone mass and its relationship to age and the menopause. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 65:697-702.
23. Gallagher JC, Goldgar D, Moy A. 1987 Total bone calcium in normal women: effect of age and menopause status. J Bone Miner Res 2(6):491-496.
24. Rosso R, Minisola S, Scard A, et al. 1995 Temporal relationship between bone loss and increased bone turnover: A longitudinal study following natural menopause. J Endocrinol Invest 18:723-728.
25. Seeman E, Cooper ME, Hopper JL, Parkinson E, McKay J, Jerums G. 1988 Effect of early menopause on bone mass in normal women and patients with osteoporosis. Am J Med 85(2):213-216.
26. Pouilles JM, Trémollières F, Bonneu M, Ribot C. 1994 Influence of early age at menopause on vertebral bone mass. J Bone Miner Res 9(3):311-315.
27. Luisetto G, Zangari M, Bottega F, et al. 1995 Different rates of forearm bone loss in healthy women with early or late menopause. Osteoporos Int 5(1):54-62.
28. Soda M, Mizunuma H, Honjo S, Okano H, Ibuki Y, Igarashi M. 1993 Pre- and postmenopausal bone mineral density of the spine and proximal femur in Japanese women assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: a cross-sectional study. J Bone Miner Res 8(2):183-189.
29. Pouilles JM, Tremollieres F, Ribot C. 1993 The effects of menopause on longitudinal bone loss from the spine. Calcif Tissue Int 52:340-343.
30. Truscott JG, Simpson DS, Fordham JN. 1997 A suggested methodology for the construction of national bone densitometry reference ranges: 1372 Caucasian women from four UK sites. Br J Radiol 70:1245-1251.
31. Bjarnason K, Hassager C, Ravn P, Christiansen C. 1995 Early postmenopausal diminution of forearm and spinal bone mineral density: a cross-sectional study. Osteoporos Int 5:35-38.
32. Blunt BA, Klauber MR, Barrett-Connor EL, Edelstein SL. 1994 Sex differences in bone mineral density in 1653 men and women in the sixth through tenth decades of life: the Rancho Bernado Study. J Bone Miner Res 9(9):1333-1338.
33. Genant HK, Grampp S, Gluer CC, et al. 1994 Universal standardisation for dual x-ray absorptiometry: patient and phantom cross-calibration results. J Bone Miner Res 9(10):1503-1514.