Differential diffusion: An oceanographic primer

Progress in Oceanography

Volumn 56, Issue 3-4, 2003, Pages 559-570

  Gargett, A E ^a,b  

^a INSTITUTE OF OCEAN SCIENCES   (Canada)

^b OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Scalar mixing; Turbulence

Indexed keywords

COMPUTER SIMULATION; DIFFUSION IN LIQUIDS; HYDRAULIC MODELS; SALINITY MEASUREMENT; THERMAL EFFECTS;

DIFFERENTIAL DIFFUSION;

OCEANOGRAPHY;

DOUBLE DIFFUSION; TURBULENT MIXING; WATER MASS;

EID: 0037899926     PISSN: 00796611     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0079-6611(03)00025-9     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Altman, D. B., & Gargett, A. E. (1990). Differential property transport due to incomplete mixing in a stratified fluid. In E. J. List, & G. H. Jirka (Eds.), Stratified flows (pp. 454-460). New York: American Society of Civil Engineers.
2. Bilger, R. W. (1989). Turbulent diffusion flames. Annual Reviews of Fluid Mechanics, 21, 101-135.
3. Bilger, R. W., & Dibble, R. W. (1982). Differential molecular diffusion effects in turbulent mixing. Combustion Science and Technology, 28, 161-172.
4. Breidenthal, R. E. (1992). Entrainment at thin interfaces: the effects of Schmidt, Richardson and Reynolds numbers. Physics of Fluids, A, 4, 2141-2144.
5. Broadwell, J. E., & Breidenthal, R. E. (1982). A simple model of mixing and chemical reaction in a turbulent shear layer. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 125, 397-410.
6. Broadwell, J. E., & Mungal, M. G. (1991). Large-scale structures and molecular mixing. Physics of Fluids, A, 3, 1193-1206.
7. Brown, G. L., & Roshko, A. (1974). On density effects and large structure in turbulent mixing layers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 64(4), 775-816.
8. Bryan, F. (1987). On the parameter sensitivity of primitive equation ocean general circulation models. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 17, 970-985.
9. Fernando, H. J. S. (1991). Turbulent mixing in stratified fluids. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 23, 455-494.
10. Gargett, A. E. (1988). Reynolds number effects on turbulence in the presence of stable stratification. In J. Nihoul, & B. M. Jamart (Eds.), Small-scale turbulence and mixing in the ocean (pp. 517-528). Elsevier Science Publishers.
11. Gargett, A. E. (1997). 'Theories' and techniques for observing turbulence in the ocean euphotic zone. In C. Marrasé, E. Saiz, & J. M. Redondo, (Eds.), Lecture notes on plankton and turbulence, Scientia Marina, 61 (Supplement), 25-45.
12. Gargett, A. E., & Holloway, G. (1992). Sensitivity of the GFDL ocean model to different diffusivities for heat and salt. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 22, 1158-1177.
13. Gargett, A. E., Merryfield, W. J., & Holloway, G. (2003). Direct numerical simulation of differential scalar diffusion in three-dimensional stratified turbulence. Journal of Physical Oceanography, in press,
14. Hebert, D. (1999). Intrusions: what drives them? Journal of Physical Oceanography, 29, 1382-1391.
15. Hebert, D., Ruddick, B., Saylor, J. R., & Waterman, S. (2001). Differential mixing of salt and heat by breaking internal waves. EOS Transactions of the American Geophysical Union, 81(48), 724.
16. Holyer, J. Y. (1983). Double-diffusive interleaving due to horizontal gradients. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 137, 347-362.
17. Kerstein, A. R. (1988). A linear-eddy model of turbulent scalar transport and mixing. Combustion Science and Technology, 60, 391-421
18. Kerstein, A. R. (1990). Linear-eddy modelling of turbulent transport. Part 3. Mixing and differential molecular diffusion in round jets. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 216, 411-435.
19. 6 in water. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 7083-7088.
20. Komori, S., & Nagata, K. (1996). Effects of molecular diffusivities on counter-gradient scalar and momentum transfer in strongly stable stratification. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 326, 205-237.
21. Ledwell, J. R., & Watson, A. J. (1991). The Santa Monica Basin tracer experiment: a study of diapycnal and isopycnal mixing. Journal of Geophysical Research, 96, 8695-8718.
22. Ledwell, J. R., Watson, A. J., & Law, C. S. (1993). Evidence for slow mixing across the pycnocline from an open-ocean tracer-release experiment. Nature, London, 364, 701-703.
23. McDougall, T. J. (1985). Double-diffusive interleaving. Part I: Linear stability analysis. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 15, 1532-1541.
24. Merryfield, W. J., Holloway, G., & Gargett, A. E. (1998). Differential vertical transport of heat and salt by weak stratified turbulence. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 2773-2776.
25. Merryfield, W. J., Holloway, G., & Gargett, A. E. (1999). A global ocean model with double-diffusive mixing. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 29, 1124-1142.
26. Merryfield, W. J. (2002). Intrusions in doubly-stable Arctic waters: evidence for differential mixing? Journal of Physical Oceanography, 32, 1452-1459.
27. Nash, J. D., & Moum, J. N. (2002). Microstructure estimates of turbulent salinity flux and the dissipation spectrum of salinity. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 32, 2312-2333.
28. Osborn, T. R., & Cox, C. S. (1972). Oceanic fine structure. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, 3, 321-345.
29. Padman, L., & Dillon, T. M. (1987). Vertical heat fluxes through the Beaufort Sea thermohaline staircase. Journal of Geophysical Research, 92, 10799-10806.
30. Rehmann, C. R. (1995). Effects of stratification and molecular diffusivity on the mixing efficiency of decaying grid turbulence. PhD Thesis, Stanford University, USA.
31. Rudels, B., Jones, E. P., Anderson, L. G., & Kattner, G. (1994). On the intermediate depth waters of the Arctic Ocean. In O. M. Johannessen, R. D. Meunch, & J. E. Overlans (Eds.), The role of the polar oceans in shaping global climate (pp. 33-46). Washington: American Geophysical Union.
32. Saylor, J. R., & Sreenivasan, K. R. (1997). Differential diffusion in low Reynolds number water jets. Physics of Fluids, 10, 1135-1146.
33. Toole, J. M., & Georgi, D. T. (1981). On the dynamics and effects of double-diffusively driven intrusions. Progress in Oceanography, 10, 123-145.
34. Turner, J. S. (1968). The influence of molecular diffusivity on turbulent entrainment across a density interface. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 33, 639-656.
35. Turner, J. S. (1973). Buoyancy effects in fluids. UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.
36. Walsh, D., & Ruddick, B. (1998). Nonlinear equilibration of thermohaline intrusions. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 28, 1043-1070.
37. Yeung, P. K., & Pope, S. B. 1993). Differential diffusion of passive scalars in isotropic turbulence. Physics of Fluids A, 5, 2467-2478.