Anterior/posterior operative reduction of cervical spine dislocation: Techniques and literature review

Current Opinion in Orthopaedics

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 193-199

  Kwon, Brian K ^a   Beiner, John ^c   Grauer, Jonathan N ^c   Albert, Todd J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANATOMY; ATLANTOAXIAL DISLOCATION; CERVICAL SPINE DISLOCATION; CHRONIC DISEASE; FRACTURE REDUCTION; HUMAN; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK HERNIA; INTERVERTEBRAL DISKECTOMY; OPEN REDUCTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPINE STABILIZATION; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE;

EID: 0037867669     PISSN: 10419918     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001433-200306000-00012     Document Type: Review

References (26)

1. De Beer JD, Thomas M, Walters J, et al.: Traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1988, 70:652-655.
2. Leibner ED, Kaplan L, Sagiv S, et al.: Delayed closed reduction of rotatory atlantoaxial dislocation: case report and literature review. J Trauma 1998, 44:731-734.
3. Castel E, Benazet JP, Samaha C, et al.: Delayed closed reduction of rotatory atlantoaxial dislocation in an adult. Eur Spine J 2001, 10:449-453.
4. Burkus JK, Deponte RJ: Chronic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation correction by cervical traction, manipulation, and bracing. J Pediatr Orthop 1986, 6:631-635.
5. Phillips WA, Hensinger RN: The management of rotatory atlanto-axial subluxation in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1989, 71:664-668.
6. Schmidek HH, Smith DA, Sofferman RA, et al.: Transoral unilateral facetectomy in the management of unilateral anterior rotatory atlantoaxial fracture/dislocation: a case report. Neurosurgery 1986, 18:645-652.
7. Goto S, Mochizuki M, Kita T, et al.: Transoral joint release of the dislocated atlantoaxial joints combined with posterior reduction and fusion for a late infantile atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. A case report. Spine 1998, 23:1485-1489.
8. Govender S, Kumar KP: Staged reduction and stabilisation in chronic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2002, 84:727-731. • These authors describe seven children with chronic atlantoaxial rotatory dislocations who underwent a transoral release followed by a gradual closed reduction with traction over the ensuing week. A reduction was achieved in all patients, who then underwent posterior stabilization.
9. Fang HS, Ong GB: Direct anterior approach to the upper cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1962, 44:1588-1604.
10. Crockard HA, Rogers MA: Open reduction of traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory dislocation with use of the extreme lateral approach. A report of two cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996, 78:431-436.
11. Hadley MN: Initial closed reduction of cervical spine fracture-dislocation injuries. Neurosurgery 2002, 50:S44-S50.
12. Hadley MN, Fitzpatrick BC, Sonntag VK, et al.: Facet fracture-dislocation injuries of the cervical spine. Neurosurgery 1992, 30:661-666.
13. Hadley MN: Treatment of subaxial cervical spinal injuries. Neurosurgery 2002, 50:S156-S165.
14. Eismont FJ, Arena MJ, Green BA: Extrusion of an intervertebral disc associated with traumatic subluxation or dislocation of cervical facets. Case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1991, 73:1555-1560.
15. Robertson PA, Ryan MD: Neurological deterioration after reduction of cervical subluxation. Mechanical compression by disc tissue. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1992, 74:224-227.
16. Vaccaro AR, Falatyn SP, Flanders AE, et al.: Magnetic resonance evaluation of the intervertebral disc, spinal ligaments, and spinal cord before and after closed traction reduction of cervical spine dislocations. Spine 1999, 24:1210-1217.
17. Rizzolo SJ, Piazza MR, Cotler JM, et al.: Intervertebral disc injury complicating cervical spine trauma. Spine 1991, 16:S187-S189.
18. Grant GA, Mirza SK, Chapman JR, et al.: Risk of early closed reduction in cervical spine subluxation injuries. J Neurosurg 1999, 90:13-18.
19. Shapiro SA: Management of unilateral locked facet of the cervical spine. Neurosurgery 1993, 33:832-837.
20. Fazl M, Pirouzmand F: Intraoperative reduction of locked facets in the cervical spine by use of a modified interlaminar spreader: technical note. Neurosurgery 2001, 48:444-445. • This is a report of a series of 52 consecutive patients who underwent posterior open reduction of facet dislocations. The authors provide a useful description of a modified laminar spreader, which can be used to apply controlled, progressive posterior interlaminar distraction to disengage the facet, thus allowing for reduction.
21. Savini R, Parisini P, Cervellati S: The surgical treatment of late instability of flexion-rotation injuries in the lower cervical spine. Spine 1987, 12:178-182.
22. de Oliveira JC: Anterior reduction of interlocking facets in the lower cervical spine. Spine 1979, 4:195-202.
23. Vital JM, Gille O, Senegas J, et al.: Reduction technique for uni- and biarticular dislocations of the lower cervical spine. Spine 1998, 23:949-954.
24. Ordonez BJ, Benzel EC, Naderi S, et al.: Cervical facet dislocation: techniques for ventral reduction and stabilization, J Neurosurg 2000, 92:18-23. • This study describes the technique of using either Caspar distraction pins or a Harrington distractor to achieve a ventral reduction. The authors achieved a ventral reduction in 9 of 10 patients.
25. Allred CD, Sledge JB: Irreducible dislocations of the cervical spine with a prolapsed disc: preliminary results from a treatment technique. Spine 2001, 26:1927-1930.
26. Bartels RH, Donk R: Delayed management of traumatic bilateral cervical facet dislocation: surgical strategy. Report of three cases. J Neurosurg 2002, 97:362-365. • The authors describe their series of three patients who required multiple anterior and posterior approaches to achieve reduction and fixation of chronic facet dislocations. They suggest an operative strategy for managing these injuries, which includes beginning with a posterior release, then an anterior reduction and discectomy, followed by a final posterior instrumentation.