The limbal vasculature

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye

Volumn 26, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 71-76

  Papas, Eric B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

Limbus; Soft contact lenses; Vasculature

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; NITRIC OXIDE; OXYGEN;

CAPILLARY FLOW; CONJUNCTIVAL HYPEREMIA; CONTACT LENS; CORNEA LIMBUS; CORNEA VASCULARIZATION; EYE BLOOD FLOW; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; HUMAN; KERATITIS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TISSUE OXYGENATION; TISSUE PERFUSION; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM;

EID: 0037852166     PISSN: 13670484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1367-0484(02)00054-1     Document Type: Short Survey

References (53)

1. Hogan MJ, Alvarado JA, Weddell JE. Histology of the human eye. An atlas and textbook. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1971. p. 112-25.
2. Leber T. Die Cirkulations und Ernahrungsverhaltnisse des Auges. Graefe-Saemisch Handbuch der Gesamten Augenheilkunde. Leipzig: Engelmann; 1903 [chapter 1].
3. Meyer PAR. The circulation of the human limbus. Eye 1989;3:121-7.
4. Lawrenson JG, Doshi S, Ruskell GL. Slit-lamp and histological observations of the normal limbal vasculature and their significance for contact lens wear. J Br CL Assoc 1991;14:169-72.
5. Meyer PAR. Patterns of blood flow in episcleral vessels studied by low-dose fluorescein video-angiography. Eye 1988;2:533-46.
6. Morrison JC, Van Buskirk EM. Anterior collateral circulation in the primate eye. Am Acad Ophthalmol 1983;90:707-15.
7. van Buskirk EM. The anatomy of the limbus. Eye 1989;3:101-8.
8. Ashton N, Smith R. Anatomical study of Schlemm's canal and aqueous veins by means of Neoprene casts. Part III. Arterial relations of Schlemm's canal. Br J Ophthalmol 1953;37:577-86.
9. Fenton BM, Zweifach BW, Worthen DM. Quantitative morphometry of conjunctival microcirculation in diabetes mellitus. Microvasc Res 1979;18:153-66.
10. Iwamoto T, Smelser GK. Electron microscopic studies on the mast cells and blood and lymphatic capillaries of the human corneal limbus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1965;4:815-34.
11. Fawcett DW. Comparative observations on the fine structure of blood capillaries. In: Orbison JL, Smith DE, editors. The peripheral blood vessels (by 15 authors). Baltimore (USA): Williams & Wilkins; 1963, chapter 2. p. 19-26.
12. Furness JB. Arrangement of blood vessels and their relation with adrenergic nerves in the rat mesentery. J Anat 1973;115:347-64.
13. Furness JB, Marshall JM. Correlation of the directly observed responses of mesenteric vessels of the rat to nerve stimulation and noradrenaline with the distribution of adrenergic nerves. J Physiol (London) 1974;239:75-88.
14. Weideman MP. Blood flow through terminal arterial vessels after denervation. Circ Res 1968;22:83-9.
15. Baez S, Feldman SM, Gootman PM. Central neural influence on precapillary microvessels and sphincter. Am J Physiol 1997;233(1):H141-7.
16. Fung YC. Biodynamics: circulation. NY: Springer; 1984. p. 270-3.
17. Bayliss WH. On the local reactions of the arterial wall to changes in internal pressure. J Physiol (London) 1902;28:220-31.
18. Wiedeman MP, Tuma RF, Mayrovitz HN. An introduction to microcirculation. NY: Academic Press; 1981, chapter 5. p. 108-9.
19. Webb RL, Nicoll PA. The bat wing as a subject for studies in homeostasis of capillary beds. Anat Rec 1954;120:253-63.
20. Wiedeman MP, Tuma RF, Mayrovitz HN. Defining the precapillary sphincter. Microvasc Res 1976;12:71-5.
21. Basar E, Weiss C. A short description of the functional anatomy of the peripheral vascular system. In: Vasculature and circulation. The role of myogenic reactivity in the regulation of blood flow. Elsevier: Amsterdam; 1981, chapter 6. p. 71-93.
22. Granger HJ, Borders JL, Meininger GA, Goodman AH, Barnes GE. Microcirculatory control sysytems. In: Mortillaro NA, editor. The physiology and pharmacology of the microcirculation. vol. I. NY: Academic Press; 1983, chapter 5. p. 209.
23. Bloch EH. Microscopic observations of the circulating blood in the bulbar conjunctiva in man and health and disease. Ergeb Anat Entwicklungsgesch 1956;35:1-98.
24. Lubbers DW, Hauck G, Weigelt H, Addicks K. Contractile properties of frog capillaries tested by electrical stimulation. Biblioth Anat 1979;17:3-10.
25. Ragan DM, Schmidt EE, MacDonald IC, Groom AC. Spontaneous cyclic contractions of the capillary wall in vivo, impeding red cell flow: a quantitative analysis. Evidence for endothelial contractility. Microvasc Res 1988;36:13-30.
26. Aharinejad S, MacDonald IC, Schmidt EE, Bock P, Hagen D, Groom AC. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and high resolution intravital video-microscopy of capillaries in the mouse exocrine pancreas, with special emphasis on endothelial cells. Anat Rec 1993;237:163-77.
27. Owman C, Edvinsson L, Hardebo JE, Groschel-Stewart U, Unsicker K, Walles B. Immunohistochemical demonstration of actin and myosin in brain capillaries. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 1977;452:69-71.
28. Funk RHW. Blood supply of the retina. Ophthal Res 1997;29:320-5.
29. Butryn RK, Ruan H, Hull CM, Frank RN. Vasoactive agonists do not change the caliber of retinal capillaries of the rat. Microvasc Res 1995;50:80-93.
30. Furchgott RF, Zawadski JV. The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 1980;299:373-6.
31. Palmer RM, Ferrige AG, Moncada S. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium derived relaxing factor. Nature 1987;327:526-34.
32. Ignarro LJ, Buga GM, Wood KS, Byrns RE, Chaudhuri G. Endothelium derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987;84:9265-9.
33. Radomski MW, Palmer RM, Moncada S. Comparative pharmacology of endothelium derived relaxing factor, nitric oxide and prostacycline in platelets. Br J Pharmacol 1987;92:181-7.
34. Luscher TF, Vanhoutte PM. In: The endothelium: modulator of cardiovascular function. Boca Raton (USA): CRC Press; 1990, chapter 4. p. 48-51.
35. Inoue A, Yanagisawa M, Kimura S. The human endothelin family: three structurally and pharmacologically distinct isopeptides predicted by three separate genes. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1989;86:2863-7.
36. Arai H, Hori S, Aramori I, Ohkubu H, Nakanishi S. Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding an endothelin receptor. Nature 1990;348:730-2.
37. Davenport AP, O'Reilly G, Molenaar P, Maguire JJ, Kuc RE, Sharkey A, et al. Human endothelin receptors charcterised using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridisation and subtype selective ligands. BQ123 and BQ3020: evidence for expression of ET-B receptors in human vascular smooth muscle. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993;22(Suppl 8:S22-5.
38. Takayanagi R, Kitazumi K, Takasaki C, Ohnaka K, Aimoto S, Tasaka K, et al. Presence of a non-selective type of endothelin receptor on vascular endothelium and its linkage to vasodilation. FEBS Lett 1991;282:103-6.
39. Hosada K, Nakao K, Arai H, Suga S, Ogawa Y, Mukoyama M, et al. Cloning and expression of human endothelin-1 receptor cDNA. FEBS Lett 1991;287:23-6.
40. Bagnall AJ, Webb DJ. The endothelin system: physiology. In: Vallance PJT, Webb DJ, editors. Vascular endothelium in human physiology and pathophysiology. 2000, chapter 2. p. 31-60.
41. Luscher TF, Vanhoutte PM. The endothelium: modulator of cardiovascular function. Boca Raton (USA): CRC Press; 1990, chapter 4. p. 4-6.
42. Papas EB, Vajdic CM, Austen R, Holden BA. High oxygen transmissibility soft contact lenses do not cause limbal hyperaemia. Curr Eye Res 1997;19:942-8.
43. Papas EB. On the relationship between soft contact lens oxygen transmissibility and induced limbal hyperaemia. Exp. Eye Res. 67:125-31.
44. Thom S, Hughes A, Sever PS. (1988). Endothelium dependent responses in human arteries. In: Vanhoutte PM, editor. Relaxing and contracting factors. Biological and clinical research. Clifton (NJ): Humana Press; 1998. p. 511-28.
45. Pohl U, Busse R. Hypoxia stimulates release of endothelium-derived relaxant factor. Am J Physiol 1989;256(6 Pt 2):H1595-600.
46. Astin M, Stjernschantz J, Selen G. Role of nitric oxide in PGF2 alpha-induced ocular hyperemia. Exp Eye Res 1994;59:401-7.
47. Yamamoto R, Bredt DS, Snyder SH, Stone RA. The localization of nitric oxide synthase in the eye and related cranial ganglia. Neuroscience 1993;54:189-200.
48. Meyer P, Champion C, Schlotzer-Schrehardt U, Flammer J, Haefliger IO. Localization of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in porcine ocular tissues. Curr Eye Res 1999;18:375-80.
49. Haefliger IO, Zschauer A, Anderson DR. Relaxation of retinal pericyte contractile tone through the nitric oxide cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:991-7.
50. Chakravarthy U, Gardiner TA, Anderson P, Arcger DB, Trimble ER. The effect of endothelin 1 on the retinal microvascular pericyte. Microvasc Res 1992;43:241-54.
51. Chakravarthy U, Gardiner TA. Endothelium-derived agents in pericyte function/dysfunction. Prog Retinal Eye Res 1999; 18:511-27.
52. Thakur A, Willcox MDP. Contact lens wear alters the production of certain inflammatory mediators in tears. Exp Eye Res 2000;70:255-9.
53. Sack RA, Beaton A, Sathe S, Morris C, Willcox M, Bogart B. Towards a closed eye model of the pre-ocular tear layer. Prog Retinal Eye Res 2000;19:649-68.