Vaporization-condensation generation of ultrafine hydrocarbon particulate matter for inhalation toxicology studies

Aerosol Science and Technology

Volumn 37, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 603-609

  Veranth, John M ^a,b   Gelein, Robert ^a   Oberdörster, Günter ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONDENSATION; HYDROCARBONS; INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; VAPORIZATION;

MOTOR OILS;

AEROSOLS;

ALKANE DERIVATIVE; HYDROCARBON; LIQUID PARAFFIN; OIL;

MEDICAL APPLICATION;

AEROSOL; AIRBORNE PARTICLE; ARTICLE; EXHAUST GAS; PARTICLE SIZE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TOXICITY TESTING; VAPORIZATION; VAPORIZER;

EID: 0037841586     PISSN: 02786826     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02786820300924     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Abdul-Khalek, I., Kittelson, D., and Brear, F. (1999). The Influence of Dilution Conditions on Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distribution Measurements. 1999-01-1142. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.
2. Abdul-Khalek, I. S., Kittelson, D. B., Graskow, B. R., Wei, Q., and Brear, F. (1998). Diesel Exhaust Particle Size: Measurement Issues and Trends. 980525. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA.
3. Baggs, R. B., Ferin, J., and Oberdörster, G. (1997). Regression of Pulmonary Lesions Produced by Inhaled Titanium Dioxide in Rats, Vet. Pathol. 34(6):592-597.
4. Barrett, J. C., and Baldwin, T. J. (2000). Aerosol Nucleation and Growth During Laminar Tube Flow: Maximum Saturations and Nucleation Rates, Journal of Aerosol Science 31(6):633-650.
5. Bartz, H., Fissan, H., and Liu, B. Y. H. (1987). A New Generator for Ultrafine Aerosols Below 10 nm, Aerosol Science and Technology 6:163-171.
6. Brown, J. E., Clayton, M. J., and Harris, D. B. (2000). Comparison of the Particle Size Distribution of Heavy-Duty Diesel Exhaust Using a Dilution Tailpipe Sampler and an In-Plume Sampler During On-Road Operation, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 50:1407-1416.
7. Chen, B. T., and John, W. (2001). Instrument Calibration. In Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications, edited by P. A. Baron and K. Willeke. Wiley, New York.
8. Dubtsov, S. N., and Baklanov, A. M. (1996). Design and Testing of a Photochemical Aerosol Generator for Calibrating Aerosol Measuring Instruments in the Submicrometer Region, Aerosol Science and Technology 25: 67-72.
9. Elder, A. C. P., Gelein, R., Finkelstein, J. N., Cox, C., and Oberdörster, G. (2000a). Endotoxin Priming Affects the Lung Response to Ultrafine Particles and Ozone in Young and Old Rats, Inhalation Toxicology 12(Supplement 1): 85-98.
10. Elder, A. C. P., Johnston, C., Finkelstein, J., and Oberdörster, G. (2000b). Induction of Adaptation to Inhaled Lipopolysaccharide in Young and Old Rats and Mice, Inhalation Toxicology 12:225-243.
11. Friedlander, S. K. (2000). Smoke, Dust, and Haze, Fundamentals of Aerosol Behavior. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
12. Fuchs, N. A., and Sutugin, A. G. (1966). The Generation and Use of Monodisperse Aerosols. In Aerosol Science, edited by C. N. Davies. Academic Press, New York.
13. Gomez, A., Bingham, D., Fernandez de la Mora, J., and Tang, K. (1998). Production of Protein Nanoparticles by Electrospray Drying, Journal of Aerosol Science 29:561-574.
14. Harrison, R. M., Brimblecombe, P., Derwent, R. G., Dollard, G. J., Eggleston, S., Hamilton, R. S., Hickman, A. J., Holman, C., Laxen, D. P. H., and Moorcroft, S. (1996). Airborne Particulate Matter in the United Kingdom. Third Report of the Quality of Urban Air Review Group, Department of the Environment. University of Birmingham, UK.
15. Harrison, R. M., Jones, M., and Collins, G. (1999). Measurements of the Physical Properties of Particles in the Urban Atmosphere, Atmospheric Environment 33:309-321.
16. HEI (1995). Diesel Exhaust: A Critical Analysis of Emissions, Exposure, and Health Effects. Health Effects Institute, Charleston, MA.
17. Hitchins, J., Morawska, L., Wolff, R., and Gilbert, D. (1999). Concentrations of Submicrometre Particles from Vehicle Emissions Near a Major Road, Atmospheric Environment 34:51-59.
18. Husar, R. B. (1971). Coagulation of Knudsen Aerosols. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
19. Kittelson, D. B. (1998). Engines and Nanoparticles: A Review, Journal of Aerosol Science 29(5/6):575-588.
20. Kleeman, M. J., Schauer, J. J., and Cass, G. R. (2000). Size and Composition Distribution of Fine Particulate Matter Emitted from Motor Vehicles, Environmental Science and Technology 34(7):1132-1142.
21. Koch, W., Windt, H., and Karfich, N. (1993). Modeling and Experimental Evaluation of an Aerosol Generator for Very High Number Currents Based on a Free Turbulent Jet, Journal of Aerosol Science 24(7):909-918.
22. Li, X. Y., Brown, D., Smith, S., MacNee, W., and Donaldson, K. (1999). Short-Term Inflammatory Responses Following Intratracheal Instillation of Fine and Ultrafine Carbon Black in Rats, Inhalation Toxicology 11(8): 709-731.
23. Mokler, B. V., Archibeque, F. A., Beethe, R. L., Kelly, C. P., Lopez, J. A., Mauderly, J. L., and Stafford, D. L. (1984). Diesel Exhaust Exposure System for Animal Studies, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 4(2):270-277.
24. Morawska, L., Bofinger, N. D., Kocis, L., and Nwankwoala, A. (1998). Submicrometer and Supermicrometer Particles from Diesel Vehicle Emissions, Environmental Science and Technology 32(14):2033-2042.
25. Muir, D. C. F., and Cena, K. (1987). Generation of Ultrafine Silver Aerosols for Inhalation Studies, Aerosol Science and Technology 6:303-306.
26. Perry, D. G., and Smaldone, G. C. (1985). Factors Affecting Aerosol Production from a Modified Sinclair-La Mer Aerosol Generator, Journal of Aerosol Science 5:427-436.
27. Rapaport, E., and Weinstock, S. E. (1955). A Generator for Homogeneous Aerosols, Experientia 11:363-364.
28. Ristovski, Z. D., Morawska, L., and Bofinger, N. D. (1998). Investigation of a Modified Sinclair-La Mer Aerosol Generator in the Submicrometer Range, Journal of Aerosol Science 29(7):799-809.
29. Rulison, A. J., and Flagan, R. C. (1994). Electrospray Atomization of Electrolytic Solutions, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 167:135-145.
30. Scheibel, H. G., and Porstendörfer, J. (1983). Generation of Monodisperse Agand NaCl-Aerosols with Particle Diameters Between 2 and 300 nm, Journal of Aerosol Science 14(2):113-126.
31. Shi, J. P., and Harrison, R. M. (1999). Investigation of Ultrafine Particle Formation During Diesel Exhaust Dilution, Environmental Science and Technology 33(21):3730-3736.
32. Shi, J. P., Harrison, R. M., and Brear, F. (1999). Particle Size Distribution from a Modern Heavy Duty Diesel Engine, The Science of the Total Environment 235:305-317.
33. Sinclair, D., and La Mer, V. K. (1949). Light Scattering as a Measure of Particle Size in Aerosols, Chemical Reviews 44:245-264.
34. Singh, Y., Javier, J. R. N., Ehrman, S. H., Magnusson, M. H., and Deppert, K. (2002). Approaches to Increasing Yield in Evaporation/Condensation Nanoparticle Generation, Journal of Aerosol Science 33:1309-1325.
35. Tobias, H. J., Beving, D. E., Ziemann, P. J., Sakurai, H., Zuk, M., McMurry, P. H., Zarling, D., Waytulonis, R., and Kittelson, D. B. (2001). Chemical Analysis of Diesel Engine Nanoparticles Using a Nano-DMA/Thermal Desorption Particle Beam Mass Spectrometer, Environmental Science and Technology 35:2233-2243.
36. Willeke, K., Ed. (1980). Generation of Aerosols and Facilities for Exposure Experiments. Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, MI.
37. Wood, R. W., Graefe, J. F., Fang, C. P., Shojaie, J., Chen, L. C., and Willetts, J. (1996). Generation of Stable Test Atmospheres of Cocaine Base and its Pyrolyzate, Methylegonidine, and Demonstration of their Biological Activity, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 55(2):237-248.