Comparison of the GHQ-36, the GHQ-12 and the SCL-90 as psychiatric screening instruments in the Finnish population

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 233-238

  Holi, Matti M ^a   Marttunen, Mauri ^b   Aalberg, Veikko ^c  

^a HELSINKI UNIVERSITY CENTRAL HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^b PEIJAS HOSPITAL   (Finland)

^c HELSINKI UNIVERSITY CENTRAL HOSPITAL   (Finland)

Author keywords

GHQ 12; GHQ 36; SCL 90; Screening; Validation

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; COMMUNITY CARE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FINLAND; HEALTH STATUS; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MENTAL DISEASE; OUTPATIENT; QUESTIONNAIRE; RATING SCALE; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AMBULATORY CARE; FEMALE; FINLAND; HUMANS; MALE; MASS SCREENING; MENTAL DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PSYCHOMETRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; ROC CURVE;

EID: 0037812887     PISSN: 08039488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08039480310001418     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Joukamaa M, Lehtinen V, Karlsson H. The ability of general practitioners to detect mental disorders in primary health care. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995;91:52-6.
2. Pini S, Berardi D, Rucci P, Piccinelli M, Neri C, Tansella M, et al. Identification of psychiatric distress by primary care physicians. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1997;19:411-8.
3. Goldberg D. The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. New York: Maudsley Monographs 21; 1972.
4. Derogatis LR, Lipman RS, Covi L. SCL-90: an outpatient psychiatric rating scale - preliminary report. Psychopharmacology 1973;9:13-28.
5. Goldberg DP, Gater R, Sartorius N, Ustun TB, Piccinelli M, Guraje O, et al. The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care. Psychol Med 1997;27:191-7.
6. Schmitz N, Kruse J, Heckrath C, Alberti L, Tress W. Diagnosing mental health disorders in primary care: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Symptom Check List (SCL-90-R) as screening instruments. Soc Psychiatr Epidemiol 1999;34:360-6.
7. Goldberg DP, Rickels K, Downing R, Hesbacher PA. Comparison of two psychiatric screening tests. Br J Psychiatry 1976;129:61-7.
8. Wiznitzer M, Verhulst FC, van den Brink W, Koeter M, van der Ende J, Giel R, et al. Detecting psychopathology in young adults: the Young Adult Self Report, the General Health Questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist as screening instruments. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1992;86:32-7.
9. Schmitz N, Kruse J, Tress W. Improving screening for mental disorders in the primary care setting by combining the GHQ-12 and SCL-90-R Subscales. Compr Psychiatry 2001;42:166-73.
10. Takala J, Räkköläinen V, Salminen J, Sievers K. Mental health in the middle-aged population. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1979;59:294-305.
11. Lehtinen V, Joukamaa M, Jyrkinen T, et al. Mental health and mental disorders in the Finnish adult population. Kansaneläkelaitoksen julkaisuja AL: 33, Turku, Helsinki; 1991.
12. Viinamäki H, Hintikka J, Kontula O, Niskanen L, Koskela K. Mental health at population level during an economic recession in Finland. Nord J Psychiatry 2000;54:177-83.
13. Lipsanen T, Saarijärvi S, Lauerma H. The Finnish version of the Dissociative Experiences Scale-II (DES-II) and psychiatric distress. Nord J Psychiatry; in press.
14. Van Hemert AM, Den Heijer M, Vorstenboch M, Bolk JH. Detecting psychiatric disorders in medical practice using the General Health Questionnaire: why do cut-off scores vary? Psychol Med 1995;25:165-70.
15. Goldberg DP, Oldehinkel T, Ormel J. Why GHQ threshold varies from one place to another? Psychol Med 1998;28:915-21.
16. Holi MM, Sammallahti PR, Aalberg VA. A Finnish validation study of the SCL-90. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998;97:42-6.
17. Holi MM, Sammallahti PR, Aalberg VA. Defence mechanisms explain psychiatric symptoms: an empirical study. J Nerv Ment Dis 1999;187:654-60.
18. Valkamo M, Hintikka J, Honkalampi K, Niskanen L, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Viinamäki H. Alexithymia in patients with coronary heart disease. J Psychosom Res 2001;50:125-30.
19. Veijola J, Jokelainen J, Läksy K, Kantojärvi L, Kokkonen, Järvelin M-R, et al. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 in screening DSM-III-R Axis-I Disorders. Nord J Psychiatry; in press.
20. Schmitz N, Hartkamp N, Franke GH. Assessing clinically significant change: application to the SCL-90-R. Psychol Rep 2000;86:263-74.
21. Lahtela K, Lahti R. Kuntoutustutkimusasiakkaiden mielenterveys. Kansaneläke-laitoksen julkaisuja ML: 24. Turku; 1982.
22. Goldberg DP, Williams P. A User's Guide to the General Health Questionnaire. Windsor: NFER; 1988.
23. Antonowsky A. The structure and properties of the sense of coherence scale. Soc Sci Med 1993;36:725-33.
24. Bond M, Gardner ST, Christian J, Sigal JJ. Empirical study of self-rated defense styles. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;40:333-8.
25. Sammallahti PR, Holi MM, Komulainen EJ, Aalberg VA. Comparing two self-report measures of coping - the Sense Of Coherence scale and the Defence Style Questionnaire. J Clin Psychol 1996;52:517-24.
26. Erdeich LS, Lee ET. Use of Relative Operating Characteristic analysis in epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 1981;114:649-62.
27. Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer 1950;3:32-5.
28. SPSS Inc. 1989-1999.
29. El-Rufaie OF, Daradkeh TK. Validation of the arabic versions of the thirty- and twelve-item General Health Questionnaires in primary care patients. B J Psychiatry 1996;169:662-4.