Representation of the carbon cycle in box models and GCMs: 1. Solubility pump

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2003, Pages

  Toggweiler, J R ^a   Gnanadesikan, A ^a   Carson, S ^a   Murnane, R ^b   Sarmiento, J L ^c  

^a NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

^b Risk Prediction Initiative   (United States)

^c PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Box model; Gas exchange; Ocean carbon cycle; Solubility pump

Indexed keywords

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; CARBON CYCLE; CARBON DIOXIDE; COLD WATER; GAS EXCHANGE; GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL;

EID: 0037777462     PISSN: 08866236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2001GB001401     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. 2 sensitivity to the biological pump in the ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14, 1219-1230, 2000.
2. 2, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 10, 319-333, 1996.
3. Broecker, W. S., T. Takahashi, and T. Takahashi, Sources and flow patterns of deep-ocean waters as deduced from potential temperature, salinity, and initial phosphate concentration, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6925-6939, 1985.
4. Broecker, W., J. Lynch-Stieglitz, D. Archer, M. Hoffmann, E. Maier-Reimer, O. Marchal, T. Stocker, and N. Gruber, How strong is the Harvardton-Bear constraint?, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 817-821, 1999.
5. Bryan, K., and L. Lewis, A water mass model of the World Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 84, 2503-2517, 1979.
6. Department of Energy, DOE handbook of methods for the analysis of the various parameters of the carbon dioxide system in seawater, version 2, edited by A. G. Dickson and C. Goyet, ORNL/CDIAC-74, Washington, D. C., 1994.
7. Foldvik, A., T. Gammelsrod, and T. Torrensen, Circulation and water masses on the southern Weddell Sea Shelf, in Oceanology of the Antarctic Continental Shelf, Antarctic Res. Ser., vol. 43, edited by S. Jacobs, pp. 5-20, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1985.
8. Gnanadesikan, A., R. D. Slater, N. Gruber, and J. L. Sarmiento, Oceanic vertical exchange and new production: A comparison between models and observations, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 49, 363-401, 2002.
9. Gordon, A. L., Two stable modes of Southern Ocean winter stratification, in Deep Convection and Deep Water Formation in the Oceans, edited by P. C. Chu and J. C. Gascard, Elsevier Oceanogr. Ser., vol. 57, pp. 17-35. Elsevier Sci., New York, 1991.
10. Gruber, N., and J. L. Sarmiento, Large-scale biogeochemical/physical interactions, in The Sea, Biological/Physical Interactions, vol. 12, edited by A. R. Robinson, J. J. McCarthy, and B. J. Rothschild, pp. 337-399, John Wiley, New York, 2002.
11. 16O ratios in seawater, in Oceanology of the Antarctic Continental Shelf, Antarctic Res. Ser., vol. 43, edited by S. Jacobs, pp. 59-85, AGU. Washington, D. C., 1985.
12. Martinson, D. G., and R. A. Ianuzzi, Antarctic ocean-ice interactions: Implications from ocean bulk property distributions in the Weddell gyre, in Antarctic Sea Ice: Physical Processes, Interactions, and Variability, Antarctic Res. Ser., vol. 74, edited by M. O. Jeffries, pp. 243-271. AGU, Washington, D. C., 1998.
13. Mauritzen, C., Production of dense overflow waters feeding the North Atlantic across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge, 2, An inverse model, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 43, 807-835, 1996.
14. 2 fluxes and the interhemispheric transport of carbon by the oceans, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 13, 287-305, 1999.
15. Orsi, A. H., G. C. Johnson, and J. L. Bullister, Circulation, mixing, and production of Antarctic Bottom Water, Prog. Oceanogr., 43, 55-109, 1999.
16. 2, Nature, 308, 621-624, 1984.
17. 2 fluxes and carbon transport: A comparison of three ocean general circulation models, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14, 1267-1281, 2000.
18. Schmitz, W. J., and P. L. Richardson, On the sources of the Florida Current, Deep Sea Res., 38, Suppl., S379-S409, 1991.
19. 2 variations and ocean circulation, Nature, 308, 624-626, 1984.
20. 2 sink, Philos, Trans. R. Soc. London. Ser. B, 348, 143-152, 1995.
21. 2 by ventilation of the ocean's deepest water, Paleoceanography, 14, 571-588, 1999.
22. 2: Natural Variations Archean to Present. Geophys Monogr. Ser., vol. 32, edited by E. T. Sundquist and W. S. Broecker, pp. 163-184, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1985.
23. Toggweiler, J. R., R. Murnane, S. Carson, A. Gnanadesikan, and J. L. Sarmiento, Representation of the carbon cycle in box models and GCMs, 2. Organic pump. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, doi:10.1029/2001GB001841. in press, 2003.
24. 2: Natural Variations Archean to Present, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 32, edited by E. T. Sundquist and W. S. Broecker, pp. 99-110, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1985.
25. Weiss, R. F., F. A. Van Woy, and P. K. Salemeh, Surface water and atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide observations by shipboard automated gas chromatography: Results from expeditions between 1977 and 1990, report, 121 pp., Carbon Dioxide Inf. Anal. Cent., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn., 1992.
26. Winton, M., R. Hallberg, and A. Gnanadesikan, Simulation of density-driven frictional downslope flow in z-coordinate ocean models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 2163-2174, 1998.